Term
| What is the field of demography? |
|
Definition
| Statistical study of human population, conceern with spatial analysis- relationship of number to area. |
|
|
Term
| Define the crude birth rate |
|
Definition
| (CBR) annual number of live births per 1000 population. (relates to total pop. without regard to age and sex. |
|
|
Term
| What is the total fertility rate? How is it different from birth rates? |
|
Definition
| More refined and thus more satisfactory statement than the crude birth rate for showing the rate and probability of reprodiction among fertile females. the only segment of population of reproduction among fertile females the only segment of population who is bearing children. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| time it takes for a population to double the present population |
|
|
Term
| What is crude density and physiological density? |
|
Definition
| crude: calculating number of people per unit area of land. only info needed is total population and total land area. Physiological: total population divided by arable land area alone- population pressure exerted on agricultural land. |
|
|
Term
| What were Malthus' checks to population growth? |
|
Definition
| the checks that inhibit the reproductive capacity of populations and keep it in balance with means of subsistence are either "private" (moral restraint, celibacy, and chastity)or "destructive" (war, pverty, pestilence, and famine.) Preventative checks= those that affect the birth rate (marriage later, homosexuals, birth control) |
|
|
Term
| Define primary, secondary, and tertiary, activities. |
|
Definition
| Primary- the harvest or extraction of something from the earth ie... fishing, mining.Secondary- add value to materials by changing their form or combining them into more useful/ valuable commodities ie.. hand crafted goods, automobiles, pottery.Tertiary- business and labor specializations that provide services to the primary and secondary sectors and goods and services to the general commnity/ individual ie... financial business, personal services. |
|
|
Term
| What is a subsistence economy? |
|
Definition
| Goods and services are created for the use of the producers and kinship groups.Little exchange of goods and only limited need for markets. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Boserup Thesis? |
|
Definition
| population increases necessitate increased inputs of labor and technology to compensate for reductions in the natural yields of swidden farming. |
|
|
Term
| Contrast subsistence agriculture with its industrialized counterpart. |
|
Definition
subsistence- entirely self- sufficiency, families/clans produce all food and materials they need while the exchange of any such materials/ crops is noncommercial trade.
Industrialized- aims at profit maximization, not food security- use of machinery, chemicals, and irrigation. |
|
|
Term
| What is von Thunen's model? |
|
Definition
| as distance from the market increases the value of land decreases, most intensively produced crops found on land close to market...less....are located at more distance points. |
|
|
Term
| Define a resource, including both renewable and nonrenewable. |
|
Definition
Renewable resource- materials that can be consumed and then replenished relatively quickly by natural or by human-assisted processes (food crops, forests, grasslands, animal/fish).
Nonrenewable- exist in finite amounts and either are not replaced by natural processes, or replaced at a rate slower than the rate of use (mining, minerals, oil) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| simple- jobs that don't need skills. Complex- require skills or talents |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| the study of how people earn their living, how livelihood systems vary from place to place, and how economic activities are spatially interrelated and linked. |
|
|
Term
| How do supply and demand determine market equilibrium |
|
Definition
| Market equilibrium is marked by the point of intersection of the supply and demand curves and determines the price of goods, the total demand and the quantity bought and sold. |
|
|
Term
| Define development and underdevelopment |
|
Definition
development- the extent to which the human and natural resources of an area or country have been brought into full productive use- economic growth, modernization, improvement in levels of material production and consumption.
Underdevelopment- desirability of applying addition capital, labor, or technology to the resource base of an area to permit the present population to improve its material well being or to allow pops to increase without deterioration in their quality of life. |
|
|
Term
| Define purchasing power parity |
|
Definition
| a monetary measurement which takes account of what money actually buys in each country. |
|
|
Term
| Define quaternary, and quinary activities |
|
Definition
| Quaternary- information, research and development.Quinary-executive decision making |
|
|
