Term
| What are three reasons research is needed? |
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Definition
Prove beneficence of current practices
Develop & test new interventions
Promote an environment of continued learning within the profession |
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Term
| What is the “ultimate purpose of a profession”? |
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Definition
| To develop a knowledge base that maximizes effective practice |
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Term
Why is research required of students in the DPT program?
(3) |
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Definition
DPT students and clinicians are accountable
DPT students must be able to demonstrate patient improvement
DPT students must be able to show their intervention has not harmed the patient |
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Term
| When testing which patients with low back pain have the best chance of responding positively to manual therapy, which study example would provide the best approach? |
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Definition
| Clinical prediction rules |
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Term
| Which describes the logical reasoning pattern consistent with “deductive reasoning”? |
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Definition
| General observation moves toward a specific conclusion |
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Term
Which IS an error in reasoning?
(4) |
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Definition
Overgeneralization
Selective observation
Illogical assumptions
Resistance to change |
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Term
| Scientific research must have all of the following elements EXCEPT |
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Definition
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Term
| Scientific research must have all of the following elements (3) |
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Definition
Must be systematic
Must be observable
Must be controlled |
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Term
| What are the components of a good clinical research question to substantiate evidence-based practice? |
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Definition
| Patient centered, intervention driven, comparison group, and outcome driven (PICO) |
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Term
| Which of the following are true regarding the IRB? |
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Definition
| IRB is responsible for making sure selection of subjects are equitable |
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Term
| A study investigating the gait of a 17 y/o male with no known disease process will be categorized under which of the following IRB categories? |
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Definition
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Term
| The abstract of a research proposal includes all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Definition
Highlight of results
Statements to support or reject hypothesis |
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Term
The abstract of a research proposal includes all of the following:
(2) |
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Definition
General description of methods
General conclusion |
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Term
| Considered the most rigorous process of generating new knowledge, this source of knowledge incorporates elements of deduction and induction. |
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Definition
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Term
| A research student decides to split the sample into male and female groups and then to choose every third female and every other male. What type of sampling does this represent? |
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Definition
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Term
| The acronym PICO stands for: |
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Definition
| Patients, intervention, comparison, outcome |
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Term
| What is one advantage of a cluster sampling procedure? |
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Definition
| Cost is less than simple random sample |
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Term
| Which of the following IS NOT a probability sampling technique? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following IS a probability sampling technique?
(3) |
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Definition
Cluster sample
Stratified random sample
Systematic random sample |
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Term
| Scientific theory deals with the empirical world of observation and experience and requires constant verification.T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Deductive theories evolve through a process of reasoning based on verifiable observations.T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following age groups does NOT need an independent informed consent, but instead needs a proxy/guardian informed consent? |
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Definition
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Term
| The purposes of theory include all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Definition
| Summarize existing research data |
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Term
The purposes of theory include all of the following:
(3) |
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Definition
Develop new knowledge
Explain observable events
Predict what should occur if given a set of specific circumstances |
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Term
| Theories can be developed only by using deductive processes. T/F |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of a good literature review? |
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Definition
| does not formulate any further questions |
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Term
Which of the following IS a characteristic of a good literature review?
(3) |
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Definition
synthesis of known & unknown
organized
identifies areas of controversy in literature |
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Term
| A research proposal includes all of the following elements EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
A research proposal includes all of the following elements:
(3) |
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Definition
printed document
personnel
budget |
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Term
| The research process involves randomized steps to provide a framework for a study’s design and conclusions. T/F: |
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Definition
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Term
| The methodology section of a research proposal includes all of the following EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
The methodology section of a research proposal includes all of the following:
(3) |
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Definition
Data analysis procedure
Description of subjects
Study design |
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Term
| Which of the following problems does NOT pose a problem with statistical conclusion validity? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following problems DOES pose a problem with statistical conclusion validity? |
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Definition
high error rate
positively skewed curve
small number of subjects |
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Term
| The essential building blocks of a theory are: |
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Definition
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Term
| Propositions, concepts that relate to a theory and are formed into a generalization, can be described in all of the following ways EXCEPT: |
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Definition
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Term
Propositions, concepts that relate to a theory and are formed into a generalization, can be described in all of the following ways:
(3) |
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Definition
Temporal
Quantitative
Hierarchical |
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Term
| The steps involved in the research process include all EXCEPT: |
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Definition
| Fundraise for the sponsoring organization |
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Term
The steps involved in the research process include all:
(3) |
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Definition
Disseminate the results
Design the study
Analyze data |
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Term
| If we wish to test samples from several age groups, we will be using the sampling technique of: |
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Definition
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Term
| You wish to compare balance of patients with previous LE injuries to those without - your research design will be: |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
| Selection of subjects from some population |
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Term
| A random by block assignment of subjects is useful for: |
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Definition
| Matching subjects with similar body characteristics to each group |
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Term
| If we wished to measure changes over time in strength, without implementing training, the best design would be: |
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Definition
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Term
| A post-test only, control group design can be used if: |
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Definition
| There is a random assignment and large subject numbers |
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Term
| In an attempt to eliminate the influence of testing, one may use the: |
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Definition
| Post-test only, control group design |
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Term
| The greatest benefit from using a simple random sample technique for your study is: |
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Definition
| The ability to generalize to a specific population |
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Term
| The design for an experimental study with a control group is: |
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Definition
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Term
| The design of OA...OB...OC indicates a: |
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Definition
| Three group descriptive study |
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Term
| Two groups are selected for sampling (male & female). In the female group, every third female is randomly selected to participate in the study. In the male group, every second male is randomly selected to participate in the study. Which of the following most closely matches this sampling technique? |
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Definition
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Term
| In O1, O2, O3, O4 research design arrangement, which of the following most accurately describes the research study? |
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Definition
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Term
| A random selection of 4000 females and 4000 males from various universities across the Midwest is further selected into a sample of 300 males and 300 females between the ages of 22-28 years of age. Which of the following most closely matches the sampling technique described? |
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Definition
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Term
| Six physical therapy students are chosen in six different regions to receive a random sampling of subjects with neck pain for a research study regarding clinical prediction rules and neck pain. Which of the following sampling techniques is given in this example? |
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Definition
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Term
What type of research design is represented by the following arrangement?
R X1 O
X2 O
X3 O
X4 O |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following most closely relates to the research design in the study listed? “Physical Exercise: Does it help in relieving pain and increasing mobility among older adults with chronic pain?” |
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Definition
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Term
| A researcher is comparing balance of subjects after an intervention and measures at baseline, three weeks, six weeks, and at twelve weeks. Which of the following represents this research design? |
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Definition
| X1 O1, X2 O2, X3 O3, X4 O4 |
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Term
| Which of the following most closely relates to “sampling”? |
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Definition
| Selection of subjects from some population |
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Term
| Experimental studies with a control group can be best represented by which of the following research designs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a purpose of the case study? |
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Definition
| Providing understanding of a treatment that can be generalized to a specific population |
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Term
Which of the following IS a purpose of the case study?
(3) |
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Definition
Providing a valuable source of information for evidence based practice
Understanding patient conditions that are unusual
Providing examples of creative therapies |
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Term
| Which of the following is the CORRECT order for the format of a case study? |
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Definition
| Intro, lit review, theoretical construct, history of patient, methods, rationale, results section, discussion |
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Term
| Which of the following should NOT be listed under the discussion section of a case study? |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following should be listed under the discussion section of a case study?
(3) |
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Definition
Limitations
Interpretations of research
Comparisons of findings with literature |
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a case study limitation? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
Which of the following IS a case study limitation?
(3) |
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Definition
Least generalizable research
Weak external validity
Only able to apply to specific individual |
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Term
| Which of the following describes a case report with epidemiological emphasis? |
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Definition
| Used to minimize future risks and prompt further study |
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Term
| Which of the following research designs are often utilized in developmental research? |
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Definition
Cross-sectional methods AND
Longitudinal methods |
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Term
| Which of the following describes a study that follows standard values for a characteristic of a given population? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following most closely matches the research design for this study entitled, “Experience of SCI health professionals with individuals who sustained a SCI injury”? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following naturalistic inquiries is the most appropriately utilized for the following research title: “The values and beliefs of the DPT student in a private university compared to public university”? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a qualitative data collection method for “triangulation”? |
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Definition
| Decreasing number of surveys |
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|
Term
Which of the following IS a qualitative data collection method for “triangulation”?
(3) |
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Definition
Multiple sources of data
Two or more data methods
Increasing number of researchers |
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Term
| Which of the following types of research design are the highest form of evidence for treatment effectiveness? |
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Definition
| Systematic reviews & meta-analysis |
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Term
| If a study has a weak effect size, you would expect which of the following statistical data reported? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following scales is most commonly utilized to review and edit physical therapy research publications? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is NOT a methodological problem for a systematic review? |
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Definition
| Calibrated measurement tool |
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Term
Which of the following IS a methodological problem for a systematic review?
(3) |
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Definition
Non-random samples
Subjects dropping out of one group
Wrong diagnosis |
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Term
| Which of the following is present in meta-analysis but not in a systematic review? |
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Definition
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|
Term
Which of the following is present in both a meta-analysis and a systematic review?
(3) |
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Definition
Review of literature
Statement of objectives, materials
Methodology |
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Term
| The concept of power is related to the |
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Definition
| Ability of the statistic to determine a difference |
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Term
| A study used two predetermined groups (classes) and concluded that the intervention would work with any individuals of the same age. This is primarily a threat to: |
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Definition
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|
Term
| With observational research, |
|
Definition
| there is no intervention phase |
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Term
| Internal validity of a study (in general) refers to: |
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Definition
| Relationship between the independent and dependent variables |
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Term
| If the subjects from different intervention groups share information regarding the interventions between groups, this might affect |
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Definition
| Internal validity (construct validity) |
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Term
| Aspects of statistical conclusion validity (4) |
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Definition
low statistical power,
violated assumptions of statistical tests,
error rate,
reliability & variance |
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