Term
| Overeaters: Emotional Regulation |
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Definition
| Attempt to moderate feelings that are strongly negative (or sometimes strongly positive), particularly if they continue for a long period of time |
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Term
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Definition
Anorexia
1. Refuse to maintain 85% of healthy body weight.
2. Intense fear of weight gain/Fat.
3. Disturbance of body image.
4. Cessation of menses |
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Term
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Definition
Bulimia
1. Binge eating and feeling out of control.
2. Inappropriate compensations: purging, fasting, exercise
3. 2X per week for 3 months.
4. Body weight/shape strongly affects self-eval. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
1. Purging (vomit, laxatives, diuretics, enemas)
2. Non-purging |
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Term
| Epidemiology of Bulimia and Anorexia |
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Definition
5-8X more likely in women
40% new cases = women 15-19
Highest rate of mortality amongst all psychiatric illnesses
>50% dual diagnosis
Related to personality
Body image and goal affected by family, peer and social standards.
Bulimia is culture bound, anorexia exists in all cultures |
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Term
| Bulimia Anorexia Treatments |
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Definition
Early response = likely success
Initial motivation to change is related to final outcome
Exposure therapies better than CBT
Individual therapies: Dialectical Behavior Therapy, Interpersonal psychotherapy |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: How is a drug referred to? |
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Definition
Chemistry
Family/class
Generic name (Scientific research uses this)
Trade/Brand name (patients use this) |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Administration |
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Definition
Method: ex. oral
Dosage: Initial (low), Therapeutic (bigger), Maintenance (less), Termination/withdrawal (taper).
Schedule: how much, when. less often is better to reduce forgetting. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Pharmokinetics |
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Definition
| Path of the drug from entry into the body to exiting the body. How does the body get rid of it? |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Metabolic path |
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Definition
Liver and kidneys
Drug interacts w/liver, can change metabolism of drugs.
Ex) only 5% of BuSpar reaches the brain. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Pharmocodynamics |
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Definition
| Effects of drug on the body, usually specific neurotransmitters. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Elminiation, half life |
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Definition
| Time it takes to get rid of 50% of the drug from the body. Longer half life means it can build up in body. toxic levels |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Plasma level |
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Definition
| concentration in blood stream |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotic drug dose/response |
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Definition
| Response only seen at specific dose amount, below this amount does nothing and above this amount does not increase response. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Blood brain barrier |
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Definition
| Chemical and physical structure that limits access to brain tissue from the circulatory system. Astrocyte: octopus sits between blood vessel and nerve cell. Very picky, must get creative to get chemicals past barrier. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Action |
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Definition
| How does the drug produce the target effect? |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: 1. Target effect 2. Side effect 3. Interaction 4. Toxic effect 5. Effect latency |
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Definition
1. Intended therapeutic effect
2. Unintended effect
3. Good or bad
4. Potentially lethal side effects
5. Time from drug administration to effect |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Process |
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Definition
Weigh indications/contraindications
How to initiate
How/when to withdraw
How to ensure compliance
Cost (includes lab tests etc.) effective |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Main groups |
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Definition
Anti anxiety (addictive)
Antidepressants and antimanics (for mood and impulse)
Antipsychotic (for + symptoms)
Sedative-hypnotic (long term can cause sleep problems) |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Secondary groups |
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Definition
Anticonvulsants: mood and impulse control
Antihypertensives and beta blockers: anxiety
Antiparkinsonian: Control antipsychotic med side effects
Cognitive enhancers
Herbal
Stimulants |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Action and purpose |
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Definition
Blocks dopamine receptor D2 (G protein linked)
Help correct grossly confused or distorted thinking. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotic effectiveness |
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Definition
Takes 1-6 weeks (issues with determining dose)
Can be very effective but not completely effective
Residual problems |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Phenothiazines |
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Definition
Oldest
Low potency: Side effects include anticholinergic, hypotensive, sedative.
High potency: Side effects include neuromuscular(shaking, tremors, stiffness) |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Atypical |
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Definition
Newer, biological action differs
Neuromuscular side effects
Anticholinergic side effects
Other side effects |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Atypical neuromuscular side effects |
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Definition
Extrapyramidal (Unwanted movements):
Dystonias(muscle tightness)
Parkinsonianisms(tremors)
Akathisia(restlessness)
Akinesia(impairment of voluntary movement)
Tardive dyskinesia(involuntary movements of lower face, permanent even if meds are stopped)
Neuroleptic malignant syndrome(1st fever b/c hypothalamus shuts down, then death) |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Atypical anticholinergic side effects |
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Definition
Hypotension(low bp)
Dry mouth, decreased sweating
Constipation, urine retention
Blurred vision, dry eyes
Nasal congestion
Memory problems
Delirium (in elderly) |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics: Atypical other side effects |
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Definition
Orthostatic hypotension
Sedation, confusion
metabolism at cell level: big weight gain
Sexual problems
W/clozapine = agranulocytosis
W/Olanzapine = restless |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antipsychotics vs. Antidepressants |
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Definition
Antipsychotics: cool you down
Antidepressants: hot wire your system |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: Trycyclic |
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Definition
Oldest
Block reuptake of norepinephrine and seratonin
Cheap
More side effects
Geriatric patients get 1/3 of adult dose bc of anticholinergic effects |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: Classes |
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Definition
Tricyclic
SSRI's
Atypical
Mood stabilizers |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: SSRIs |
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Definition
Uses: Major depression, Dysthymis, OCD, Panic disorder, Bulimia, PTSD, GAD, Social phobia.
5 days to reach steady state
2-4 weeks for clinical effect
6-8 weeks to be certain it's not working
No consistent relationship between dosage/plasma level and clinical response.
Fewer side effects
1X daily |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: TCA Response predictor |
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Definition
Good: Depression symptoms (PHYSICAL): Slow onset, early morning awake, emotion withdrawal, anhedonia, psychomotor retardation
Bad: Depression symptoms (MOOD/THOUGHT): Childhood diagnosis, delusions, overemotional, anxiety |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: kids/adolescents |
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Definition
Proven to not help with depression but helps with quality of life.
New study says no benefit for quality of life... |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: Side effects |
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Definition
1. Orthostatic hypotension: Trycyclic
2. Sedation, weight gain: blocks histamine
3. Decrease seizure threshold: worse when switching meds.
4. Mood: mania, trigger bipolar in kids usually rapid cycling
5. Anticholinergic: blurred vision, dry mouth, constipation, delayed urination.
6. Seratonergic (SSRI): Nausea/diarrhea, decreased appetite, insomnia, headaches, decreased libido. |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: Seratonin syndrome |
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Definition
Side effect
Like NMS- confusion, hyperthermia, autonomic instability, seizures, coma.
Potentially fatal
Usually caused by MAOI interaction |
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Term
| Psychopharmacology: Antidepressants: SSRI discontinuation syndrome |
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Definition
Side effect
Dizziness, lethargy, nausea, irratibility, headaches, |
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Term
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Definition
| A mental state marked by an impaired ability to perceive and understand reality, or relate to it in an appropriate way |
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Term
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Definition
Positive: They have that we don't have like delusions and hallucinations AUDITORY(or visual, taste, smell)
Negative: They don't have that we do like inability to express emotion, maintain hygiene, socialize, be motivated/interested
Pos/Neg: Disorganization in thinking, speech, thought |
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Term
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Definition
Prodromal: Changes leading up to psychotic state. Usually (+).
Active: Obviously something wrong. Multiple (+) symptoms. Diagnosis
Residual: Declining (+) psychotic symptoms. Now (-) symptoms linger |
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Term
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Definition
1/3 recover completely
2/3 Stuck with residual symptoms or very rarely stuck in active phase |
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Term
| Specific Psychosis Diagnostic categories |
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Definition
Delusional: limited to delusions, odd ideas. Erotomanic.
Brief psychotic disorder: Rapid onset, Episode triggered by stress, <30 days.
Schizophreniform: 2 or more major psychotic symptoms 1-6 months.Resolves on its own.
Schizophrenia: 2 or more major psychotic symptoms, entire episode 6+ months, active phase of at least 1 month. |
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Term
| Other Specific Psychosis Diagnostic Categories |
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Definition
Schizoaffective: Mood disorder with periods of psychosis (2 weeks or longer) apart from the mood episode.
Delusional disorder: Limited to delusions 1 month or longer. Not bizarre |
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Term
| When diagnosing schizophrenia... |
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Definition
| Diagnostic label of LAST RESORT. Is it absolutely appropriate? Life changing, affects people's perception of you, harder to get a job, must prove stability |
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Term
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Definition
Stressor: w/marked, w/o marked, w/postpartum onset.
Course: 1st episode or multiple episodes. Acute episode, in partial or full remission.
With catatonia |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Who's at risk |
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Definition
Identical twins: 48%
Child w/2 Schizophrenic parents: 46%
Nonidentical twins: 17%
Child w/1 schizophrenic parent: 13%
Sibling w/schizophrenia: 9%
General population: 1% |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Biological or environmental? |
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Double bind hypothesis |
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Definition
| Parents repeatedly say two contradictory things so kids can never please both parents. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Family stress |
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Definition
| Parents display more conflict, have greater difficulty communicating, and are more critical og and over involved with their kids. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Expressed emotion |
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Definition
| Overly involved in other family members business, critical, intrusive, accusatory. BAD |
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Term
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Definition
+ (delusions, hallucinations, formal thought disorder)
Good premorbid adjustment
Abnormal neurotransmitters or neuroreceptor activity
Good response to standard antipsychotics
Fair prognosis |
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Term
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Definition
- (flat affect, poverty of speech, loss of volition)
Poor premorbid adjustment
Abnormal brain structure MRI, brain shrink
Poor response to standard antipsychotics
Poor prognosis |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Avolition or apathy |
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Definition
- Symptom
Marked by apathy and an inability to start or complete a course of action. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Blunted or flat affect |
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Definition
- Symptom
Shows less emotion than most |
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Term
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Definition
- symptom
Pattern of extreme psychomotor symptoms.
Catatonic stupor, rigidity or posturing |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Clang associations |
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Definition
| Rhyme used by some persons as a guide to forming thoughts and statements. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Delirium tremens |
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Definition
| Dramatic withdrawal reaction experienced by some people with alcoholism. It consists of confusion, clouded conscientiousness, and terrifying visual hallucinations |
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Term
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Definition
| Strange false belief firmly held despite evidence to the contrary |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Delusions of control |
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Definition
| The belief that one's impulses, feelings, thoughts, or actions are being controlled by other people. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Delusions of reference |
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Definition
| A belief that attaches special and personal meaning to the action of others or to various objects or events. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Hallucinations |
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Definition
| The experiencing of imagined sights, sounds, or other perceptions in the absence of external stimuli. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Inappropriate affect |
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Definition
+ symptom
Display of emotions that are unsuited to the situation |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: loose associations |
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Definition
Symptom
Thinking disturbance characterized by rapid shifts from one topic of conversation to another. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Neologisms |
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Perseveration |
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Definition
+ symptom
Persistent repetition of words and statements |
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Term
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Definition
- symptom
Poverty of speech
Decrease in speech or speech content |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Concordance rate |
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Definition
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Diathesis stress view |
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Definition
| Person must first have a predisposition to a disorder and then be subjected to immediate psychosocial stress in order to develop the disorder. |
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Term
| Schizophrenia: Milieu therapy |
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Definition
| Humanistic approach to institutional treatment based on the belief that institutions can help patients recover by creating a climate that promotes self-respect, individual responsible behavior and meaningful activity. |
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