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| Elevation of the body core temperature to a dangerous and often fatal level is known as __________. |
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| The seasons on Earth are a result of the ______ of the axis. |
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| The _______ is the portion of the Earth measured from the iron core, to the mantle. |
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| Even though Venus is twice as far from the sun than Mercury, its surface temperature __________ than Mercury and is mostly likely the result of ____________ trapped in its atmosphere. |
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| The thin layer of air that has been captures and is maintained by Earth’s gravity is known as the __________. |
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| The Earth’s ________ contains all of the water on the planet, of which the vast majority is in the form of _________. |
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| The amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere on Earth is maintained by the __________, which absorbs it through photosynthesis but produces it as a result of respiration. ( |
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| The _______ greenhouse effect is most associated with human actions stemming from the burning of fossil fuels and which may be causing changes in Earth’s climate. |
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| Earth’s seasons are due to the _________° tilt of it’s axis in relation to the sun. |
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| The ________ extends from the crust to the upper most layer of the mantle. |
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| The hydrosphere consists of all the _________ found on Earth. |
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| The ocean accounts for ____________ of Earth’s water |
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| The atmosphere of Earth consists of ____________ nitrogen and 21% _________. |
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| The ______ hypothesis states that the extinction of the dinosaurs was facilitated by a large _______ hitting Earth. |
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| A very accurate way to date living and non-living material using the predicted decay of certain elements is called __________. |
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| The element _________ is often used for dating very old objects like the Earth, because it has a half-life of over 4.5 billion years. |
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| The _______ is a part of Earth’s history when the planet was constantly bombarded with meteors and the surface was liquid rock. |
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| The ______ catastrophe occurred when the heavy elements sunk to the core of early Earth. |
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| The magnetic field of Earth protects us against the ________ which is radiation given off by our sun. |
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| The collision between Earth and a Mar’s sized planetoid created our ______. |
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| volcanoes, comets
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| Two sources of the water on our planet are likely from ________ and ________. |
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| Early life on Earth is hypothesized to be similar to life surrounding _________ in the deep oceans, where energy from hydrogen sulfide is used. |
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| The amount of oxygen in our current atmosphere is a result of billions of years of photosynthesis by ___________. |
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| Evidence suggests that Earth and the ___________ ___________ were formed at the same time. |
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| In radiometric dating scientists determine the amount of time required for _____ of the radioactive element to be converted into product. |
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| ___________ has a ½ life of 5703 years, which makes it suitable to date ________ samples. |
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| magnetic field/ or electro-magnetic shield |
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| Earth’s liquid iron core flows and rotates gave rise to the ___________ _________, which protects us from solar winds. |
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| The first life on Earth lived in a very hostile environment, where bacteria survived only deep below the surface by extracting chemical energy from ______________ ____________ |
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| The cooling of Earth’s crust occurred ____________ in earth’s formation. |
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| The atmosphere on Earth reached _________ oxygen about 560million years ago |
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| The inhospitable caves known as Caeva De Willa Luiz in Mexico are home to bacteria which form large colonies that drip from the ceilings. These colonies are called _________. |
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| Lake Vostok is a large body of water which is located about 4,000 m below the ___________ ice sheets and contains abundant life which can tolerate the extreme cold. |
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| Bacteria live 3.5 km underground within the Earth’s crust and gain their energy from _______ gas. |
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| ______, a moon of Jupiter, is hypothesized to have a liquid ocean capable of supporting life under its thick ice caps. |
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| Extraterrestrial Intelligence |
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| SETI was the first scientific organization to look for evidence of ______________ |
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| The equation formulated in the 1960’s to estimate the possible number of intelligent civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy is called the _______ equation. |
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| Although it is currently impossible to see distant planets around other stars using telescopes, we can detect them because the planets exert a gravitational pull on the stars that they orbit. This pull causes the star to _________. |
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| ________ telescopes were the first type of telescopes employed to look for the signals of communication from distant civilizations. |
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| One argument for the presence of intelligent life elsewhere in our galaxy assumes that because _________ evolved, the conditions of the universe must be suitable for intelligent life to evolve elsewhere. |
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| The technique called _____ fertilization has been used for about 30 years to assist couples who have had difficult conceiving a child on their own. |
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| In vitro fertilization is when the ________ is fertilized outside of the ___________. |
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| The _______ experiment was conducted by a graduate student in 1953 who demonstrated that the early Earth could have produced compounds, like amino acids, necessary for life. |
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| The collision of _______ with Earth has been shown to cause the formation of peptides, the chemicals which make up proteins. |
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| use energy, reproduce, evolve |
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| Three basic characteristics of life include the abilities to ______, ______, and _______. |
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| The formation of _______ , which surround all cells and act as a container for life, has been accomplished by scientists interested in the formation of early life on Earth. |
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| Once all elements in the center of a star have been utilized for energy, the star reaches the ______ barrier. |
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| In order for heavy elements to be produced, a star must ______, which generates tremendous heat allowing for the formation of many of the elements found I the universe. |
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| A ________ can be made by stringing together the correct sequence of nucleotides together. |
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| reproduce, evolve (in either blank) |
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| The 3 requirements of life include energy for growth and change, to___________, & to___________ |
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| Stars are formed by the fusion of 3 ________ nuclei to produce carbon. |
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| A star explosion, know as a ____________ __________, occurs when ________ cannot be fused further. |
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| All of the hydrogen, carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, calcium, and iron in our body come from _________ _________ that was released by stars upon their death. |
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| Living organisms are composed of 49%___________, 24%__________, and 24% oxygen. |
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| The theory that life arose on Earth from organic building blocks that were present in the water on Earth’s surface is known as the __________ hypothesis. |
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| In her experiments, Jennifer Black demonstrated that the intense heat and pressures meteorites experience during entry into earth’s atmosphere actually causes amino acids in a meteorite to form __________. |
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| Energy powers life through the inter-conversion of water and carbon dioxide to form __________. |
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