Term
| universal traits all humans have with each other |
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Definition
| need for food, sleep, shelter, safety, and human interaction |
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Term
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Definition
| gestures, body movements, posture, tone of voice, and facial expressions |
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Term
| prevent discrimination and prejudices in own professional behavior |
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Definition
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Term
| eye contact in caring for culturally diverse clients |
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Definition
different cultures understand eye contact differently
-some may believe direct eye contact is aggressive/rude
-may look at floor instead
-may expect nurse to make eye contact, but may not return it |
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Term
| 8 factors that affect transcultural nursing |
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Definition
-marked increase in migration of people
-rise in multicultural identities
-increased use of health care technology (telehealth, how do cultures view technology)
-cultural conflicts, clashes, and violence
-increase in number of people traveling and migrating for work
-increase in legal suits resulting from cultural conflict, negligence, ignorance, and impostion of health care practices
-rise in feminism and gender issues
-increased demand for community and culturally based healthcare services |
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Term
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Definition
| obtaining cultural information and applying that knowledge to see the entire picture and improve outcomes |
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Term
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Definition
| differences in race, ethnicity, national origin, religion, age, gender, sexual orientation, ability or disability, social and economic status or class, education, and related attributes of groups of people in society |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to particular values, beliefs, and patterns of behavior that tend to be special or unique to a group and that do not tend to be shared with members of other cultures |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly shared values, norms of behavior, and life patterns that are similarly held among cultures about human behavior and lifestyles |
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Term
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Definition
| specialty within nursing focused on the comparative study and analysis of different cultures and subcultures |
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Term
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Definition
| preconceived opinion that is not based on reason or actual experience |
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Term
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Definition
| belief that all members of each race possess characteristics or abilities specfic to that race, especially so as to distinguish it as inferior or superior to another race or races |
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Term
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Definition
| evaluation of other cultures according to preconceptions originating in the standards and customers of one's own culture |
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Term
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Definition
| importance is placed on individual inputs, rights, and rewards |
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Term
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Definition
| entails the need to maintain group harmony above the partisan interests of subgroups and individuals. In collectivist cultures, values such as interpersonal harmony and group solidarity prevail |
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Term
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Definition
| hostile behavior against someone based upon race, ethnicity, religion, nationality, etc... |
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Term
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Definition
| connotes narrow-mindedness and an obstinate or blind attachment to a particular opinoin or viewpoint. Blames members of outgroups for various misfortunes. In effort to make expedient decisions, bigots react to concepts rather than people. |
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Term
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Definition
| refers to behaviors and is defined as the act of setting one individual or group apart from another, thereby showing a difference or favoritism |
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Term
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Definition
| exacerbated in the workplace during times of rapid immigration, periods of economic recession or depression, and high unemployment |
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Term
| negative attitudes in the workplace |
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Definition
hatred
prejudice, bigotry, discrimination
racism
violence in the workplace |
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Term
| Leininger's Sunrise Model |
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Definition
caring essential for healing
-culture (every human culture has knowledge)
-culture care values influenced and embedded in worldview
-noncompliance by nursing (nurses must be unbiased) |
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Term
| 8 factors that influenced Leinger to establish transcultural nursing |
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Definition
-marked increase in migration of people
-rise in multicultural identities
-increased use of health care technology (telehealth, how do cultures view technology)
-cultural conflicts, clashes, and violence
-increase in number of people traveling and migrating for work
-increase in legal suits resulting from cultural conflict, negligence, ignorance, and impostion of health care practices
-rise in feminism and gender issues
-increased demand for community and culturally based healthcare services |
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Term
| Reasons for completing cultural assessment |
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Definition
| is the processes used by nurses to assess cultural needs of individual clients (Leininger, 1991, 1995; see also Appendix A). In general, all successful cultural assessments have at their foundation the extensive data base to help health professionals better understand and address the specific health needs and interests of their target populations . |
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Term
| factors influencing childbirth and pregnancy over the last 3 decades in Western society |
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Definition
-increased numbers of women in the workforce
-advances in reproductive technology, self care, alternative therapies
-explosion of information available on the internet
-influx of immigrants and refugees |
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Term
| sickle cell r/t pregnancy |
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Definition
| pregnant women with this trait and heterozygous are at higher risk of asymptomatic bacteriouria and UTI, which increases risk of premature labor |
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Term
| diabetes mellitus r/t pregnancy |
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Definition
| higher among Native Americans, increases maternal and infant morbidity; mortality rate of pregnant Native American women with DM higher than white European American women. |
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Term
| subtasks in relation to special consideration of adolescents |
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Definition
i. Develop relationships with peers
ii. Accept sex role
iii. Accept own phys. Appearance
iv. Become emotionally indepenednt from parents
v. Prepare for marriage and family life
vi. Prepare for conomic independence
vii. Achieve and accept socially acceptable behavior |
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Term
| indicators of children's health status in culture |
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Definition
birth weight
infant mortality
immunization rates |
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Term
| assess for children raised in one parent homes |
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Definition
| mother being the most influential parent in most cultural groups; this is easily verified in most single-parent households, and also very visible in matriarchal societies of African and African American families. Thus, identifying the attitudes, values, and beliefs about health and illness held by the parents and other providers of child care is an important part of the cultural assessment of the family. |
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Term
| assessments nurse should complete r/t childbirth for women of diverse cultures |
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Definition
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Term
| factors evaluated that would indicate an older client is successfully engaged in active aging |
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Definition
| activities. Older adults are recognized not for imposing a financial burden, but for being involved in socially important activities: volunteering, providing household and child-care help, giving care to the disabled elderly, and supporting social service organizations . Under the newer active aging paradigm, industrialized societies are promoting social and economic integration of older people with respect for individuals’ choices. |
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Term
| assessment questions of health in relation to diverse cultures |
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Definition
-ever eaten foods that make you better?
-used herbs to make you feel better?
-taken pills or meds to help your problem?
-talk to someone else and follow his or her advice about your problem?
-expect treatment to be?
-what would you like us to do to make you comfortable?
- |
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Term
| societal factors affecting client health |
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Definition
• Social and economic factors affect eligibility or limit older adults in receiving preventive care, acute care, or health care maintenance in the health care system. • Interventions to control Medicare expenditures force shorter hospital stays. • Gaps in health care services put greater burdens on older patients for home and community-based care. Cultural Variation Within a Societal Context • Different cultural traditions have values that influence patterns in caring for older adult family members as they age and come to require more assistance.
• Younger family members become acculturated and change traditional behaviors that may |
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Term
| individuals factors affecting client health |
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Definition
Level • Female family members who were considered primary caregivers for older family members are entering the work force and may not be available as caregivers.
• Families ’ economic situations, proximity to the older adult, and sources of formal support in the community will determine options for residence and care needs of the older adult. |
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Term
| accrediting agencies that govern culturally competent healthcare |
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Definition
American Organization of Nurse Executives
Joint Commission
ANA
American Nurses Credentialing Center
US Department of Health and Human Services' Office of Minority Health |
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Term
| socioeconoomic factors influencing mental health |
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Definition
-depression
-crime/drug use/suicide
-high mortality/morbidity rates
-immigration, globalization, geographic change lead to conflict between traditional and modern roles
-PTSD |
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Term
| challenges of multicultural workforce |
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Definition
- National healthcare goals r/t improving helath status of minority groups
- culturally diverse cohorts of children, women of childbearing age, and elderly are expected to grow
- explosion in numbers of people migrating to US |
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Term
| primary prevention in community setting |
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Definition
-identify high risk behaviors
- idneitfy family context
- identify social support
- identify cultural needs and norms |
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Term
| cultural issues and factors that influence health promotion and health maintenance in communities |
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Definition
-involve local community elders
-infolve family, churches, community work sites
-health messages must be congruent with cultural beliefs
- language barriers and cultural beliefs
- sensitivity essential to meeting helath needs within diverse cultures |
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Term
| reasons nurses fail to provide spiritual care |
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Definition
-view religious/spiritual needs as private matter between person and creator
-uncomfortable about own beliefs or deny having spiritual needs
-lack knowledge about spirituality and the religious beliefs of others
-mistake spiritual needs for psychosocial needs
-view meeting spiritual needs of clients as a family or pastoral responsibility |
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Term
| goal of spiritual nursing care |
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Definition
| assist clients in integrating their own religious beliefs about God or a unifying truth into the ultimate reality that gives meaning to their lives in relationship to the health crisis that has precipitated the need for nursing care |
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Term
| religious beliefs associated with dying: preparation of body |
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Definition
– Nurse may or may not actually participate in the rituals associated with death
– For some cultural groups, family members and friends of the same sex wash and prepare the body
– For others, family or religious representatives may go to the funeral home to prepare the body by dressing the person in special religious clothing |
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Term
| relgious beliefs associated with dying: funeral practices |
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Definition
– An appropriate and socially acceptable time for the expression of sorrow and grief
– Customs vary widely for disposal of the body
– Vary from short, simple rituals to long, elaborate displays |
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Term
| religious beliefs associated with dying: attitudes toward death |
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Definition
– Taboos
– Awareness of Dying
– Unexpected Death, Violent Death, and Suicide
– Holism |
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Term
| religious beliefs associated with dying: bereavement, grief, and mourning |
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Definition
– The experience of grief is a universal phenomenon
– Expression of grief is strongly influenced by cultural factors
– Some mourning rituals are highly structured and lengthy, whereas others may be simple and short
– Bereaved people can experience physical and psychological symptoms and may succumb to serious physical illnesses |
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Term
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Definition
• Experiential Dimension
• Ritualistic Dimension
• Ideologic Dimension
• Intellectual Dimension
• Consequential Dimension |
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Term
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Definition
pressing of certain pressure points to produce desired effect on another part of the body
may be used for pain, nausea, depression, and more |
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Term
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Definition
Using thoughts to control body, often used as a relaxation technique
Involves making subtle changes in the body, such as relaxing muscles, to achieve results. |
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Term
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Definition
-focus on health of whole being, especially nervous system
-involves light tough, often beginning at the cranium and working down to the sacrum
-may gently hold various parts of body to feel body rhythms |
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Term
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Definition
| a nursing intervention from the Nursing Interventions Classification (NIC) defined as stimulation of the skin and underlying tissues for the purpose of decreasing undesirable signs and symptoms such as pain, muscle spasm, or inflammation. |
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Term
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Definition
-Japanese stress reduction technique that promotes healing
-laying of hands
-based on idea of life force energy |
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Term
| What should the nurse identify when completing a family and social history? |
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Definition
a. Identify key decision-makers
b. Assess overall economic factors
i. Emplyed
ii. Insurance coverage
iii. Concerns about affording health care |
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Term
| deontological theory of ethics |
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Definition
| Deontologists believe that human beings are duty bound to use reason. Reason yields universally applicable categorical imperatives that can be clearly, consistently, and practically used in all situations. Truth telling and respect for individual autonomy are considered intrinsically moral acts. |
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Term
| How is social justice in transcultural nursing implemented (what actions)? |
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Definition
| . Entry-level nurses can develop a comprehensive knowledge of the communities in which they live and work. Assessing the strengths and challenges of these communities is important in focusing the partnership between the health care organizations in which they work and their communities. All nurses can make referrals to other organizations and services. Participation in organizational committees targeted towards community development and partnership building is a good vehicle for involvement. Nurses can also participate in influencing health and social policies impacting on the community through their professional organizations, churches , parent-teacher organizations and municipal boards. Communicating with legislators and political leaders is another venue for advocacy. |
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Term
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Definition
-irregular areas of blue pigmentation usually located in sacral and gluteal areas (sometimes arms, thighs, abdomen, shoulders)
-common among African, Asian, and Latin descent |
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Term
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Definition
-condition in which melanocytes become nonfunctional in some areas of skin
-characterized by unpigmented skin patches |
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Term
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Definition
| areas of skin may be affected by hormones and may differ in color according to ethnic backgrounds |
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Term
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Definition
-most difficult clinical sign to observe in darkly pigmented people
-usually accompanied by increased respiratory rate, use of accessory muscles of respiration, nasal flaring, and other manifestations of respiratory distress |
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Term
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Definition
-best observed in sclera
-also could observe the palate |
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Term
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Definition
may appear ashen or gray
check lips, mucous membranes, and nail beds |
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Term
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Definition
-frequently associated w/ localized infection
-characterized by increased skin temp
-may be difficult to assess in person who is darker in pigmentation |
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Term
| biocultural variations in body secretions: Eskimos |
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Definition
| enviornmental adaptation whereby they sweat less on extremities and trunks, but more on faces |
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Term
| biocultural variations in body secretions: Asians and Native Americans compared to whites and blacks |
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Definition
most Native Americans and Asians have mild to absent body odor
most blacks and whites have strong body odor |
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Term
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Definition
| one of the most obvious and widely variable cultural differences |
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Term
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Definition
| differences in structure and color |
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Term
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Definition
earlobes can be freestanding or attached to the face
type of cerumen can differ
differences in hearing |
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Term
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Definition
oral hyperpigmentation varies by race
cleft palate
leukoedema |
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Term
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Definition
| grayish white benign lesion more common in blacks |
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Term
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Definition
babies born with teeth
size of teeth
absence of teeth |
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Term
| medication dosage: Arab Americans |
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Definition
| may need lower doeses of antiarrhythmnics, antihypertensives, neuroleptics, and psychotropics |
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Term
| medication dosage: Asian/Pacific Islanders |
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Definition
| consider yin/yang belief system |
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Term
| medication dosage: Blacks |
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Definition
increased GI side effects w/ analgesics
respond best to single anyihypertensive drug
15-20% metabolize Valium poorly |
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Term
| medicatoin dosage: Hispanics |
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Definition
| may require lower dosage of psychotropics |
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