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| A small organic molecule that assists an enzyme in its function; made from a vitamin |
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| the benchmark amount; eat at least this much |
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| highest amount that is thought to be safe; should be between RDA and UL |
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-The extent to which a nutrient can be extracted from food and used by the body
-This can vary with body need (sometimes when body content is low, the efficiency of the absorptive process goes up), food source(ex: fiber in some foods reduces nutrient absorption, cooking method (ex: cooking veggies in lots of water and throwing out the water causes some nutrients to be lost) |
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-Oxygen-containing molecules that tend to damage other body molecules by stealing electrons from them
-Sources: normal body processes such as energy metabolism, pollutants, toxins in cigarette smoke
-Can cause cancer and oxidized LDL cholesterol in athero scoerotic plague |
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-Molecules that donate electrons
-Some vitamins, minerals, and phytonutrients are these |
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| A unit that is used to equate the different forms of the vitamin in food; ex: 1 mcg RAE = 1 mcg retinol |
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| A condition in which the body does not have enough healthy red blood cells. Red blood cells provide oxygen to body tissues. |
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| Family of defects where the skull or spinal cord does not form correctly |
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| A person who does not eat or use animal products |
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| A compound made in the stomach that is necessary for the body's absorption of B12 |
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-A disease which is a deficiency; causes bone loss
-Populations at risk: women (especially petite), people with fair skin
-Prevention: Taking calcium and vitamin D; physical activity; avoid excess protein, caffeine, phosphorous |
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-Sources: Soy, other legumes
-Possible effects: may help lower blood cholesterol, block the action of estrogen (and estrogen-stimulated breast cancers) |
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-Sources: grapes, wine, tea
-Possible effects: antioxidants, may help prevent cancer and heart disease |
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-Sources: onions, garlic, chives, leeks
-Effects: may protect against heart disease and cancer |
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-Sources: Bright colored fruits and vegetables, tea, chocolate
-Possible effects: May act as antioxidants, decrease inflammation, reduce plaque build up in arteries, inhibit cancer development |
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| Indoles and Isothiocyanates |
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-Sources: cruciferous vegetables (broccoli, kale cauliflower, cabbage, turnip, Brussels sprouts)
-Possible effects: may help protect against cancer |
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| -This is more easily absorbed |
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| When your blood pressure is 140/90 mmHg or above most of the time |
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