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Final Exam
Papacy, Reformation, Revolutions, and Civil Wars
49
History
Undergraduate 1
12/04/2013

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Cards

Term
Yersina Pestis
Definition
The Plague.
Term
French Succession
Definition
Line of French kings to the throne.
Term
Avignon
Definition
Pope moved to France, starts with Pope Clement V, “Babylonian Captivity.”
Term
Chingiz Khan
Definition
“Oceanic Ruler,” Temujin conquered much of southern Asia.
Term
Caravel
Definition
A caravel is a small, highly maneuverable sailing ship developed by Portuguese.
Term
Classicism
Definition
A traditional style of arts.
Term
Martin Luther
Definition
German monk and professor of theology; launched the Protest reformation.
Term
Protestant
Definition
"Protest-reform,” movement away from Catholicism, puts religion in hands of people.
Term
Peace of Augsburg
Definition
“As the ruler, so the religion,” tries to solve dispute of nation religion.
Term
Absolutism
Definition
One body controls right to make war, taxes, judge, coin money.
Term
Peasant Revolt
Definition
Led by Wat Tyler, worked for free after the Plague, Lords tried to take benefits.
Term
Edward III
Definition
Takes throne at 14, many conquests but overshadowed by black plague.
Term
Urban VI
Definition
Uprising forced a Roman pope back into papacy, France elects their own in Avignon.
Term
Battle of Liegnitz
Definition
Mongol invasion into Europe.
Term
Triangular Trade
Definition
Rum from England, slaves from Africa to Indies, sugar back to England.
Term
Humanism
Definition
Replaced logic/philosophy with language, literature, and history.
Term
Indulgences
Definition
Sold by the Catholic church for life or death out of purgatory.
Term
John Calvin
Definition
“Four bare walls and a sermon,” responsible for idea of Predestination. (Protestant)
Term
War of the Three Henries
Definition
Civil war, religious war between protestant and Catholics.
Term
Charles II
Definition
Takes throne after father executed, exiled by Cromwell, then reentered after his death.
Term
Famine of 1315
Definition
Starting with bad weather in spring, caused universal crop failures.
Term
Free Companies
Definition
Army of mercenaries not employed and frequently plundered.
Term
Council of Constance
Definition
Established concordats standard form of governing between Pope-King.
Term
Silk Road
Definition
Trade route in Asia connected East and West.
Term
Prince Henry
Definition
Portuguese “Navigator” Portugal to China sailing, develops Galilean ship.
Term
John Tetzel
Definition
Infamous indulgences salesman condemned by Martin Luther.
Term
Henry VIII
Definition
Many wives, full of himself, removes Pope from power and sells church land.
Term
Edict of Nantes
Definition
Henry IV declares Catholic official religion of France; Protestant also allowed.
Term
Two Treatises on Government
Definition
Two part book written by John Locke to reform the patriarch.
Term
Flagellants
Definition
Practitioners of an extreme mortification of their own flesh by whipping it instruments.
Term
Treaty of Troyes
Definition
Agreement that Charles V (England) takes French throne by marrying Catherine.
Term
Concordats
Definition
Treaties between the Church and State.
Term
Battle of Lepanto
Definition
Naval battle, Holy league and Ottoman empire, prevented Ottoman expansion.
Term
Price Revolution
Definition
Inflation in prices due to influx of silver bullion from Spanish America.
Term
Niccolò Machiavelli
Definition
Author, tried to restore Italy's political independence.
Term
95 Theses
Definition
Document written by Luther with complaints of the church and how faith should be.
Term
Act of Supremacy
Definition
Outlined acts of heresy and made Elizabeth Supreme Governor.
Term
Spanish Armada
Definition
Huge fleet tries to remove Queen from power but destroyed by hurricane.
Term
English Civil War
Definition
Parliament and Charles I, royalist defeated Charles executed.
Term
Double-Entry Bookkeeping
Definition
Each entry effects two accounts; debit and credit.
Term
Joan of Arc
Definition
Convinces King to let her build an Army, eventually burned at stake for heresy.
Term
Sacraments
Definition
Sacred religious rituals like baptism, marriage, etc.
Term
Mehmet II
Definition
“Conqueror,” ottoman empire, ended Byzantium empire.
Term
Passport System
Definition
Portuguese police Indian Ocean to capture goods and taxes.
Term
Leonardo Da Vinci
Definition
Italian renaissance artist, sculptor, inventor, “Mona Lisa,” “Last Supper.”
Term
Diet of Worms
Definition
Trial of Luther, leads to excommunication, labeled outlaw, serves house arrest.
Term
Council of Trent
Definition
Pope Paul III in Trento, Italy for the counter-reformation.
Term
Thirty Years' War
Definition
Conflict with all central European countries, initially religious battle.
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
Overthrow of King James II and end to Catholicism in England with no blood shed.
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