Term
| What are the techniques of psychoanalysis? |
|
Definition
1. Free association
2. Hypnosis
3. Dream interpretations (ways to discover the unconscious)
4. Topographic mind (shape of the mind and the way it focuses itself)
Free association is more important than the others. |
|
|
Term
| How does psychoanalysis explain anxiety? |
|
Definition
Anxiety is caused by conflict between the id and the ego. The ego recogizes its inability to continuously control the id.
|
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-An emotional state that develops between the patient and counselor that is said to be a recapitulation of past relationship.
-The skill of the therapist is needed to help the client realign these distorted relationships.
|
|
|
Term
| What are the defense mechanisms? |
|
Definition
1.Rationalization
2.Intellectualization
3.Reaction Formation
4.Projection
5.Displacement
6.Sublimation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| To justify to excuse an action or to ease disappointment |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| avoiding feelings by responding coldly or analytically |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| someone endorses belief or position that goes against their subconscious desire or fantasy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| taking some part of self and putting on someone else |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| primary object is too scary to confront, so you confront someone more vulnerable or safer |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fantasy or wish too unacceptable to express directly for social reasons, so you find and acceptable outlet |
|
|
Term
| Who is anonymous in psychoanalysis, client or therapist? |
|
Definition
| The therapist is supposed to remain anonymous, protects the revealing of the unconscious. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Something external to the individual (sometimes can be a good thing) |
|
|
Term
| How is it different from the other defense mechanisms? |
|
Definition
| The other defense mechanisms are repressive mechanisms. |
|
|
Term
| Adler created the Gemeinschaft, what is it? |
|
Definition
-German for social interest
-When acting out of social interest causes anxiety. |
|
|
Term
| What does fictional finalisms mean? |
|
Definition
An untrue belief that influences an individual's lifestyle, so goal of Adlerians is to ferret out and replace it with something that goes along more with the Gemeinschaft.
-opposite of gemenischaft (example: nice guys finish last) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Lifestyle is about the values and beliefs, self concept and self ideal
-Adlerian counselors usually ask about the first memory that can be recalled; whether or not it is good or bad describes the feelings toward the position in the family. |
|
|
Term
| What is the Adlerian view of insight in counseling? |
|
Definition
| Means positive behavioral change |
|
|
Term
| Four goals of misbehaviors: |
|
Definition
1. Attention: “I belong only when I am served or noticed.”
•Children act out, yell, and scream.
•Parents feel frustrated.
2. Power: “I belong only when in control.”
•Children kick, scream, and call attention to themselves.
•Parents feel anger.
3. Revenge: “I belong only when I can hurt someone.”
•Children say “I hate you”
•Parents feel hurt.
4.Inadequacy: “I belong only when I can convince others that I am not capable.”
•Children can’t do anything right.
•Parents feel hopeless. |
|
|
Term
| How Adlerian counselors view alternate forms of discipline? |
|
Definition
| Adlerian counselors are all about alternate forms of discipline. they don't believe in punishment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the person centered view of human nature? |
|
Definition
-People are basically good.
-Self-actualization is the basic motivation for people. Always directed towards making the person better. |
|
|
Term
| What is the best description of person centered therapy? |
|
Definition
| Person centered is not about a set of techniques, but about the values that the counselor has: genuineness, unconditional positive regard, accurate empathy. Techniques don’t matter as long as they have the three values. |
|
|
Term
| What does the term congruence mean? |
|
Definition
-genuineness
-the therapist does not have facade like psychoanalysis, the therapist's internal and external experiences are one in the same. In short therapist is authentic. |
|
|
Term
| What does "unconditional positive regard" mean? |
|
Definition
| -Don't have to accept everything about a person, just that which speaks to self-actualization |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Trying to identify and understand a person's feelings
-Being able to communicate feelings, not just understand |
|
|
Term
| What is the person centered view on the use of techniques? Do they have any? Do they use them? |
|
Definition
| Person centered therapy did not believe the core conditions were techniques, but values |
|
|
Term
| What are some limitations of person centered therapy? |
|
Definition
-Initial problem will begin to look circular after a while
-It isn't very effective at solving initial problem
-Not good for non-yavis individuals
-poor choice for people in crisis that need direction
-forensic populations that are not well served (people in trouble with the law) |
|
|
Term
| Existential counseling- What are the different key concepts? |
|
Definition
-View of death: Irvin Yalem thought that people were afraid to die, and that this was their greatest form of anxiety.
-Relatedness and isolation
-Freedom and responsibility, you can make any choice you want, as long as you are willing to accept the responsibility that goes with it. Responsibility means commitment. |
|
|
Term
| How do counselors explain anxiety? What is it caused by? (existential) |
|
Definition
| -Being aware of all the possible choices causes anxiety |
|
|
Term
| What is existential anxiety? |
|
Definition
| When you recognize that you have choices, the more choices that you have, the more anxious that you become. |
|
|
Term
| What is existential guilt? |
|
Definition
| People experience this when they ignore their potential and do not search for meaning. |
|
|
Term
| What is existential aloneness/loneliness? |
|
Definition
| Happens when you realize that you are all by yourself, can't feel another person's feelings, think their thoughts, or join them in death. |
|
|
Term
| What is existential view of death? |
|
Definition
| Death is a motivator, it helps us recognize that we are limited, so that it fives life meaning, zest, and motivation. |
|
|
Term
| Existential view on techniques and usage? |
|
Definition
-Used paradoxical intention: tell them to do more of what they're concerned about.
-It allowed for the patient to have the freedom not to engage in the anxiety.
-Works well for obsessive compulsive disorder.
-Demonstrates that behavior is under the person's control.
-Used dereflection to confuse the client and create a gap in which the therapist can take the focus of of the symptom. |
|
|
Term
| In relation to three forces of psychology what is existential therapy reacting against? |
|
Definition
-Psychoanalysis, behaviorism, humanism
-Its reacting against humanism, and goes against behaviorism. |
|
|
Term
| Who is the founder of Gestalt counseling? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the view of an intellectual understanding of the problem? |
|
Definition
-Words are lies, body language is what is important, intellectual understanding is useless to Gestalt counseling.
-do they think it is helpful, no. |
|
|
Term
| What is the gestalt view of awareness? Is it useful? What for? |
|
Definition
Awareness is therapeutic by itself.
-The more aware they are, the healthier they'll be |
|
|
Term
| Describe the five resistances to contact? |
|
Definition
1. Dereflection: the client will talk about irrelevant things to avoid discussing the actual problem.
2. Projection: The client will take a feeling or aspect of self and project it on someone else. By using projection, you are really dealing with yourself, not the person, and their feelings. Because of this, you know nothing of the other person.
3. Introjection: Accepting uncritically someone’s values, beliefs, or feelings.
Doesn't look specifically at what is going on and just goes with it.
You have no clue what your own values are.
You know nothing of yourself.
4. Retroflection: When you do to somebody what you want them to do to you. Desperately want the belief or action to be shared.
5. Confluence: When things all join up together; results in codependence. One person cannot exist without the other. You don't understand where you begin and end and where others being and end. There are no clear boundaries. |
|
|
Term
| Why does Gestalt counselor use a technique? What are they designed to do? |
|
Definition
| -They are designed to make you aware of the here and now. Designed to intensify feelings. |
|
|
Term
| Reality therapy, what are the goals? What do they want people to do? |
|
Definition
| Anxiety is caused by being irresponsible, so the goal was to have responsibilities. |
|
|
Term
| Which population was reality therapy designed to treat originally? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the role of value judgments in reality therapy? |
|
Definition
-Value judgments are initially made by the counselor.
-The client must make their own value judgments eventually. |
|
|
Term
| Who is the founder of reality therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which category does reality therapy fall under? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the success identity and failure identity? How does one obtain each identity? |
|
Definition
-Success identity: People view themselves as being worthy and capable of giving and receiving love.
-Failure identity: Don't view self as being worthy or capable of giving or receiving love. They are formed when people go to school because of the emphasis on exams, they are associated with withdrawal. |
|
|
Term
| What do reality therapists think of insight? |
|
Definition
-Behavior controls perception.
-change the behaviors and the perception will change also |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of diagnosis and treatment? (RT) |
|
Definition
| -Diagnosis and treatments do not help, they are useless unless they make a commitment, and assume responsibility. |
|
|
Term
| Who is Thomas Szaz? What is his vew of mental illness? (RT) |
|
Definition
-Mental illness is a myth.
-He believed it was better to call it "problematic behaviors." |
|
|
Term
| What is the focus of reality therapy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who was the founder of rational emotive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What category or type of therapy is rational emotive? |
|
Definition
| -Cognitive behavioral counseling |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of directiveness? (Rational emotive therapy) |
|
Definition
-REBT helps the client find the irrational beliefs and change them.
-the therapist can do most of the work instead of asking the client to take responsibility.
-The counselor is the directive. |
|
|
Term
| What are basic assumptions of RET? |
|
Definition
-People are born with the potential to be rational.
-Culture and family tend to reinforce that which is irrational.
-Because our family influences are the strongest while growing up, we have more exposure to irrational behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What is their view of anxiety? Why do people get anxious? (RET) |
|
Definition
| -People feel anxious because they havr irrational thoughts, certain views are irrational. |
|
|
Term
| What is the main function of the RET counselor? |
|
Definition
•The counselor acts like a teacher.
•Helps them to understand what is irrational about their views.
•Teaches them to change their irrational beliefs. |
|
|
Term
| What is the ABC method? (RET) |
|
Definition
Antecedent
Belief
Consequence
Disuputing (Happens at B) |
|
|
Term
| What is the client supposed to be doing in RET therapy? What is the role the client fills? |
|
Definition
| -The client acts like a learner or a student. |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean for the therapist to have full acceptance and tolerance. |
|
Definition
| -You have to have full accept. and tol. for what ind. do. |
|
|
Term
| Behavior counseling, what relation. does behavioral therapy have to the principles of learning? |
|
Definition
-Principles of learning are used to change behavior.
-Applied by the use of the scientific method. |
|
|
Term
| What relationship does behavioral therapy have to scientific method? |
|
Definition
| It used to apply the principles of learning to change behavior. |
|
|
Term
| What is the focus of behavior therapy? |
|
Definition
| The focus is on overt behavioral change. |
|
|
Term
| What is the role of insight in bt? |
|
Definition
| It is not important, behavior is the only really important thing,care about what you do. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Most influential psychologist
-legitimized behavioral therapy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-Used classical conditioning in the form of systematic desensitization.
-Learning to relax and then gradually exposing the client to the stressor. |
|
|
Term
| Full name for systematic desensitization? |
|
Definition
| Systematic through reciprocal inhibition |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
Bowen’s theory was called multigenerational family therapy.
It is the closest to rational emotive therapy
Developed concept of differentiation:
Feelings should remain separate to each person |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-When there is stress between two people, they are likely to bring third individual to dilute the anxiety/tension.
-It is the therapist’s job to objectively observe, make people become individuals, and avoid enmeshment. |
|
|
Term
| What is the family systems view of individual change? |
|
Definition
| -The whole family has to change then the individual can change. |
|
|
