Dome of the Rock, ca. 690 CE (Temple Mount, Jerusalem).

Aerial view of the Great Mosque of Kairouan, Tunisia. 8th c. and later.

Interior of the prayer hall of the Great Mosque of Córdoba, Spain. 8th to 10th c.

Mausoleum of Oljeytu, Soltaniya, Iran, ca. 1314.

Purse cover, from the Sutton Hoo ship burial in Suffolk, England, ca. 625. Gold, glass, and cloisonné garnets, 7 1/2” long. The British Museum, London.

Book of Durrow (here = Man (Saint Matthew), folio 21 v., ca. 660-80, possibly from Iona, Scotland. Ink and tempera on parchment/vellum, 9 5/8” x 6 1/8”. Trinity College Library, Dublin.

Cross-inscribed carpet page, folio 26 v. of the Lindisfarne Gospels, from Northumbria, England, ca. 698- 721 (ca. 700). Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1 1/2” x 9 1/4”. The British Library, London.

Eadfrith, Saint Matthew, folio 25 v. of the Lindisfarne Gospels, from Northumbria, England, ca. 698-721 (ca. 700). Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1 1/2” x 9 1/4”. The British Library, London.

Chi-rho-iota (XPI) page, folio 34 r., Book of Kells, probably from Iona, Scotland, late 8th-early 9th c. Tempera on vellum, 1’ 1” x 9 1/2”. Trinity College Library, Dublin.

Equestrian Portrait of Charlemagne (or Charles the Bald, his grandson?), 9th c., bronze (originally gilt), 9 1/2” high. From Metz, France. Louvre, Paris.

 Christ Enthroned, from the Godescalc Gospels, 781-83, tempera on vellum. Bibliothèque National, Paris.

Saint Matthew, folio 15 r. of the Coronation Gospel (Gospel Book of Charlemagne), from Aachen, Germany,

ca. 800-810, ink and tempera on vellum. Schatzkammer, Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna.

Saint Matthew, folio 18 v. of the Ebbo Gospel (Gospel Book of Archbishop Ebbo of Reims), from Hautvillers (near Reims), France, ca. 816-35, ink and tempera on vellum. Bibliothèque Municipale, Épernay.

Crucifixion, front cover of the Lindau Gospels, from Saint Gall, Switzerland, ca. 870, gold, precious stones, pearls. Pierpont Morgan Library, New York.

 Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1001-1031. Built under Bishop Bernward (Otto III’s tutor).

Doors with relief panels from the Old and New Testaments, commissioned by Bishop Bernward for Saint Michael’s, Hildesheim, Germany, 1015. Bronze, ~16’ high. Dom-Museum, Hildesheim. Specific scenes: Temptation and Fall of Adam and Eve; Accusation and Judgement (i.e. Expulsion) of Adam and Eve.

Otto III Receiving the Homage of the Four Pars of the Emmpire and Otto III 

Between Church and State, from The Gospel Book of Otto III, 997-1000, 

tempera on vellum. From Reichenau, Germany; now in Bayerische 

Staatsbibliothek, Munich.*

Jesus Washing the Feet of Saint Peter, 

from The Gospel Book of Otto III, 

997-1000, tempera on vellum. From 

Reichenau, Germany; now in 

Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, Munich.*

Saint Luke, from The Gospel Book of 

Otto III, 997-1000, tempera on 

vellum. From Reichenau, Germany; 

now in Bayerische Staatsbibliothek, 

Munich.*

Gero Crucifix, Crucifix commissioned by Archbishop Gero for Cologne Cathedral, Cologne, Germany, ca. 970. Height 6’2”. Painted wood.

The Virgin of Essen, ca. 980, gold over wood (gilded wood), enamel, filigree, and gems. Heigh 29.5”. Cathedral Treasury, Essen, Germany.

The Second Coming of Christ, Tympanum of South Portal of Saint-Pierre, ca. 1115-30. Moissac, France.

Lions and Old Testament Prophet (Jeremiah or Daniel or Isaiah?), ca. 1115-30. Trumeau of the south portal

of Saint-Pierre, Moissac, France.

Gislebertus, Last Judgement, ca. 1120-35, marble. West tympanum of Saint-Lazare, Autun, France.

The Bayeux Tapestry, ca. 1066-83, embroidered wool on linen. From Bayeux Cathedral, Bayeux, France. Now in Centre Guillaume le Conquerant, Bayeux, France. 1’ 8” high x 229’ 8”. Scene: Crowds Gaze in Awe at a Comet as Harold Is Told of an Omen, detail of The Bayeux Tapestry; The Battle of Hastings.

Durham Cathedral, begun ca. 1093.

Campo dei Miracoli: Baptistry, Cathedral (Duomo, Santa Maria Assunta), and Campanile (Bell Tower), Pisa Italy, 1053-1272.

Baptistry of San Giovanni, dedicated 1059. Florence, Italy.

Saint John the Evangelist, from the Gospel Book of Abbot Wedricus, ca. 1147, tempera on vellum. Société Archéologique et historique, Avesnes-sur-Helpe, France.

Abbey Church of Saint-Étienne, Caen, France. begun 1068.

 Abbey church, Saint-Denis, France, 1140-44.

Chartres Cathedral (Cathedral of Notre-Dame), Chartres, France, ca. 1145-1220

Royal Portal (left portal/tympanum: Ascension of Christ; middle: The Second Coming/Last Judgement; right: Virgin and Child Enthroned), west façade, Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1145-55.

Old Testament Kings and Queens, Jamb statues, west portal, Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1145-55.

Coronation of the Virgin (tympanum), Dormition, and Assumption of the Virgin (lintel), north portal,

Chartres Cathedral, ca. 1210.

Cathedral of Notre Dame, Île de la Cité, Paris, France. West façade ca. 1200-1250.

Annunciation and Visitation, west portal, Reims Cathedral, ca. 1230-65.

Sainte-Chapelle (from the southwest), 1241-48 (rose window 15th c.). Paris, France.

 Röttgen Pietà, early 14th c., polychromed wood. Rheinisches Landesmuseum, Bonn.

Page with kufic script from an Abbasid Qur’an, probably from Tunisia, 9th c. Ink, color, gold, and silver on dyed blue vellum. Harvard Art Museum.

Schematic drawing of a generic Arab hypostyle mosque.

Carved stone grille on qibla wall of the Great Mosque of Córdoba, Spain. Mid-10th c.

Ivory casket of al-Mughira, from Córdoba, Spain, ca. 960, ivory. Louvre, Paris.

Gunzo et al, Plan of the Abbey of Cluny (Cluny III), France, ca. 1088-1130. (after Conant; darkened areas represent actual scant remains).