Term
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Definition
| early detection of gastrointestinal disorders including: bleeding, liver and biliary disease, malabsorption syndromes, and inflammation. |
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Term
| Routine examination includes |
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Definition
| macroscopic, microscopic and chemical analysis |
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Term
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Definition
| loose stool with or without increased frequency for more than four weeks |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually results from increased secretion of water and electrolytes which override the reabosrptive ability of the large intestines |
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Term
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Definition
| Incomplete digestion of foodstuffs presnet increased fecal material resulting in increased water retention in the large bowel. |
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Term
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Definition
| Usually instruct patient to collect specimen in a clean bedpan or similar container and then transfer the specimen to the appropriate transport containers. |
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Term
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Definition
| suitable for most screenings and qualitative tests for blood, leukocytes, fibers, and fat |
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Term
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Definition
| require a timed specimen. Most common to require 72hour collection (3 day). |
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Term
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Definition
| results from oxidation of the hemoglobin derivative urobilinogen to urobilin. |
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Term
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Definition
| blockage of the bile duct but is also seen after diagnostic procedures using barium sulfate |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of blood typically due to bleeding in the upper digestive tract, such as from a bleeding peptic ulcer. |
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Term
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Definition
| presence of undigested blood, either from lower in the digestive tract, or from a more active source in the upper digestive tract. |
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Term
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Definition
| associated with diarrhea, hard stools with constipation, slender ribbon-like stool suggest an intestinal obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| increased stool fat usually resulting from an absence of lipase and bile salts |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| indicates bowel mucosal inflammation, which occurs in invasive bacterial enteritis and ulcerative colitis |
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Term
| bacteria causing diarrhea |
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Definition
| Shigella, Campylobacter, Yersinia, and enteroinvasive Escherichia coli. Bacteria causing diaherra by toxin production, i.e., Stapphylococcus aureus and Vibrio sp. Do not cause leukocyte appearence |
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Term
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Definition
| iron-binding glycoprotein released from leukocytes during the course of an inflammatory reaction |
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Term
| lactoferrin in stool correlates with |
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Definition
| presence of fecal leukocytes even when those cells have deteriorated or have been destroyed by bacterial toxins or parasites |
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Term
| Examination for undigested striated muscle fibers |
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Definition
| useful in the diagnosis and monitoring of pancreatic insufficiency |
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Term
| The presence of increased numbers of muscle fibers suggests |
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Definition
| impaired digestion and rapid movement of food through the intestines. |
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Term
| impaired digestion disorders |
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Definition
| cystic fibrosis, biliary obstruction, and gastrocolic fistulas |
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Term
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Definition
| characteristic striations |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| When counting muscle fibers count |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Examination is to identify the presence of malabsorption or maldigestion |
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Term
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Definition
| pale, greasy, bulky, and sponge-like in consistency and with a foul odor |
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Term
| diseases of the pancreas and gastrointestinal tract are characterized by fat malabsorption. |
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Definition
| Disorders of exocrine pancreatic function, Celiac disease, Short bowel syndrome , Small bowel bacterial overgrowth syndrome |
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Term
| Disorders of exocrine pancreatic function |
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Definition
| chronic pancreatitis, cystic fibrosis and Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (these are characterized by deficiency of pancreatic digestive enzymes) |
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Term
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Definition
| in which the fat malabsorption in severe cases due to inflammatory damage to the integrity of the intestinal lining) |
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Term
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Definition
| in which much of the small intestine has had to be surgically removed and the remaining portion cannot completely absorb all of the fat). |
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Term
| Normal Qualitative Fecal Fat |
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Definition
| less than 60 globules of fat per high-power field will be observed in the preparation |
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Term
| steatorrhea Qualitative Fecal Fat |
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Definition
| > 60 orange colored globules |
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Term
| Presenece of Fatty Acids/Soaps steatorrhea |
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Definition
| >100 fat globules of varying sizes will be present |
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Term
| Presenece of Fatty Acids/Soaps normal |
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Definition
| <100 stained globules will be present |
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Term
| pathologically significant Occult Blood |
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Definition
| 2 mLs of blood per 150 grams of fecal matter |
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Term
| Conditions that produce small and invisible amounts of blood in feces are |
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Definition
| cancer, bleeding gums, esophageal varices, hemorrhoids, drugs that irritate the intestinal mucosa, ulcers, and inflammatory conditions. |
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Term
| testing for occult blood in feces detects a significant percentage of |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Fecal material contains a variety of digested food materials that exhibit peroxidase activity and can react with the blood test and produce a false positive result. Because guaiac has such low sensitivity, it produces fewer false positive tests.
Benezene in a carcinogen |
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Term
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Definition
| raw red meat, inadequately cooked meats of all types, vegetables with peroxidase activity (turnips, broccoli, cauliflower), fruits with peroxidase activity (bananas, pears, plums), certain bacteria, and certain drugs (aspirin) that irritates the G.I. mucosa and causes bleeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| ascorbic acid, anti-acids, and anti-inflammatory medications |
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Term
| Osmotic diarrhea are characterized by osmotic gaps |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Values <5.6 are consistent with carbohydrate malabsorption |
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Term
| Ova and parasite testing with specail attention to |
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Definition
| Cryptosporidium, Microsporidium, and Giardia |
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Term
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Definition
| Clostridium difficile and analysis for the C. difficile toxin |
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Term
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Definition
| usualy identified through radiography, sigmoidoscopy, colonoscopy |
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