Term
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Definition
| Provide a simple, rapid means for performing multiple chemical tests. |
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Term
| Usual chemical analytes on reagent strips |
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Definition
| pH, protein, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, urobilinogin, nitrite, leukocyte esterase specific gravity and blood |
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Term
| reagent strips consist of |
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Definition
| chemically impregnated absorbant pad attached to a flexible plastic strip. |
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Term
| Each pad of the reagent strip contains |
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Definition
| chemical reactions specific for the entity of interest. These reactions produce a colored reaction. |
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Term
| the color produced by the reagent strips |
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Definition
| is compared to a color chart permitting semi-quantitation and an estimate of concentration |
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Term
| how to insure reliability with reagent strips? |
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Definition
| strict compliance with directions |
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Term
| Can you transfer strips to different bottles? |
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Definition
| cause reagent strips to deteriorate and become unreactive. |
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Term
| Avoid exposing reagent strips to |
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Definition
| moisture, fluorescent light, sunlight, heat, acids, alkalis or volatile fumes. |
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Term
| For good quality control with reagent strips |
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Definition
| must be tested with known positive and negative controls. |
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Term
| This assure reactivity of all portions of the reagent strip |
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Definition
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Term
| why do specimens have to at room temperature before testing? |
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Definition
| This is because most reagent strip reactions are enzymatic. Temperature’s effect upon enzymatic reactions is well known and does influence reagent strip kinetics. |
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Term
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Definition
| The strips should be dipped quickly but completely into a well-mixed urine sample. The excess sample should be removed and the appropriate reaction time allowed to lapse. At the completion of the reaction the strip should be compared to the color chart provided by the manufacturer. The color produced will permit the estimation of concentration |
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Term
| What are urine reagent strips reliable for? |
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Definition
| screening most urine specimens |
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Term
| Confirmatory testing may be required to be performed |
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Definition
To confirm the results obtained from the reagent strip.
To obtain a result from pigmented urine
To test for a specific analyte or analytes that are not included the reagent strip, i.e., sugars other than glucose. |
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Term
| Who are glucose confirmation tests performed on? |
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Definition
| infants up to the age of 12 months (galactosemia) |
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Term
| How to evaluate for reducing substances? |
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Definition
| presence of additional sugars |
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Term
| The classical method for evaluating reducing substances is |
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Definition
| copper reduction method using Benedict’s solution. |
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Term
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Definition
| employs the classic Benedict’s copper reduction reactio |
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Term
| A reducing substance will in clinitest |
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Definition
| react with the reagent causing the blue cupric sulfate to be reduced to cuprous oxide. |
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Term
| The resultant color change is in clinitest |
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Definition
| proportional to the amount of reducing substance in the urine sample. |
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Term
| These reactions depend on the ability of the reducing sugar to in clintest |
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Definition
| convert cupric sulfate to cuprous oxide with a resulting color change. |
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Term
| Sodium hydroxide is added to the clintest reaction |
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Definition
| to produce heat which enhances the forward reaction. |
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Term
| when do you evaluate clinitest results? |
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Definition
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Term
| high concentration of glucose in clinitest |
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Definition
| "pass-through" phenomenon |
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Term
| one of the most important findings in the routine urinalysis. |
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Definition
| The presence and concentration of protein |
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Term
| The sulfosalicylic acid test |
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Definition
| confirmatory test when the protein is positive on reagent test strips for urine. |
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Term
| The sulfosalicylic acid test based on |
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Definition
| cold precipitation of urinary protein with a strong acid |
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Term
| SSA reagent acidification causes |
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Definition
| precipitation seen as increasing turbidity |
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Term
| What does SSA reaction detect |
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Definition
| albumin and globulins and Bence-Jones proteins, although it often underestimates them. |
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Term
| Where is SSA more accurate? |
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Definition
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Term
Sulfosalicylic acid Precipitation Test
False positives |
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Definition
Contrast media
Antibiotics in high concentration, e.g. penicillin and cephalosporin derivatives
Uncentrifuged turbid urines can look positive. Always be performed on urine supernatant. |
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Term
Sulfosalicylic acid Precipitation Test
False negatives |
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Definition
Highly buffered alkaline urine. The urine may require acidification to a pH of 7.0 before performing the SSA test.
Dilute urine
Turbid urine - may mask a positive reaction. |
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Term
| evaluation of liver function |
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Definition
| The presence of bilirubin is an important finding |
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Term
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Definition
| provides semi-quantitative determination of bilirubin in urine |
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Term
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Definition
| dizo reaction, in which bilirubin is coupled with a diazonium salt in an acid medium |
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Term
| in icotest when bilirubin is present |
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Definition
| it reacts with the diazonium salt present to form azobilirubin |
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Term
| a positive in the icotest |
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Definition
| indicated by a blue or purple color on the mat. |
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