Term
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Definition
-Utilitarian
-pleasure and pain masters of humans
-morality based on rationality
-seeks improvement of moral sciences |
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Term
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Definition
-rational and moral are the same
-pleasure and pain are basis for morality
-maximize happiness of all
-principles: 1. greatest amount of pleasure for greatest number of people 2. impartiality- no one special |
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Term
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Definition
-Bentham's associate
-not all pleasures equal, intellectual pleasure is superior to physical
-true justice will serve greater good- not punishing innocent person |
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Term
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Definition
-God is dead because we (west) have killed him
-good and bad came before good and evil
-slave morality- based on resentment, God is on the side of the oppressed
-good is self referential (noble class)
-hermeneutics of suspiction
-superman replaces gospel of christ |
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Term
| Hermeneutics of suspicion |
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Definition
| lense through which we read a text, reading between the lines |
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Term
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Definition
-like Nietzsche
-cross is interesting political symbol
-materialist
-we must escape will to power
-fidelity: determined by how much we love on those not believing in cross |
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Term
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Definition
-optimism crashing down
-rejects rational basis that we can all agree to
-the absurd- humans seek meaning in life and have inability to find any
-metaphysical revolt: go on living as if values are true anyway
-Myth of Sisyphus- immune to fate if you can live your values anyway |
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Term
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Definition
| burden to create yourself |
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Term
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Definition
punished and had to carry rock up hill only to have it roll back down, carried out values even though no external reward
-Camus |
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Term
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Definition
-like Camus
-burden of freedom
-existentialism: existence precedes essence |
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Term
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Definition
-how is GOOD to be defined
-more emotional than rational philosophy
-good cannot be defined in itself
-naturalistic fallacy |
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Term
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Definition
equating a simple notion with a complex one- pleasure is good, not good is pleasure
-Moore |
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Term
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Definition
existence precedes essence
-experiences of individual are start of ethics |
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Term
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Definition
-language game: true and false
-only statements of fact can be falsified
-ethics are not statements of fact
-ethics spring out of your emotions |
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Term
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Definition
-virtue ethics advocate of 20th century
-we cannot calculate our way out of moral dilemma- drop bombs and sleep soundly
-descriptive element
-right/wrong must be replaced with just/unjust |
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Term
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Definition
-asking "what kind of person should I be?"
-Anscombe
-moderns ignore this |
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Term
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Definition
-maleness is dominant
-male reality: men go out and make agreements, women are homemakers
-female reality: natural, private, nurturing
-ethics of care
-male: SCT, common rationale |
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Term
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Definition
| context in which we learn is family, nurturing |
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Term
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Definition
-get over particularities
-ethics is something we choose
-justice as fairness- truth discovered by thought experiment
-defends modernity
-peace only if we leave ourselves behind
-kant only inferred noumena
-true nature discovered when we go through the veil of ignorance |
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Term
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Definition
-rawls
-thought experiment: 1. go through veil of ignorance to get to 2. original position of equality |
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Term
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Definition
-we are at the mercy of cause and effect
-when deciding guilt, look at circumstances
-moral luck, subject to luck
11. antecedent circumstances 2. kind of person you are 3. luck in circumstances
-praise and blame assigned because we are only responsible for waht we do
-not okay with free moral perspective |
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Term
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Definition
-moral saint- to be as good as possible
1. loving- true happiness in happiness of others 2. rational- will sacrifice for others
-morality should become a goal
-dont pursue morality but its the best thing to pursue- paradox |
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Term
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Definition
abortion and self defense
-we enter social contract to obtain rights so abortion is okay
-if outlawed, we are demanding saintliness which is bad fate
-rights based on "ought" |
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Term
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Definition
-abortion is wrong because "future like ours"
-anti is too broad, pro is too narrow
- |
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Term
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Definition
-virtues need to be in abortion debate
-right action based on rationality
-eudomonia
-sounds sectarian
-who should i be? answered by virtues
-get beyond language of rightts |
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Term
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Definition
happiness, contentment, fulfillment, pluralstic society has problem with this because good life looks different for each person
-hursthouse |
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Term
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Definition
-utilitarian
-charity vs. duty distinction must go
-utility vs. entitlement
-pleasure/pain presumes people outside of SCT still experience it
-rich nation obliged to poor one
-moral and rational are the same thing, must establish equality |
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Term
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Definition
right to protect what we have, but negative responsibility not to take that from someone
-Singer hates this |
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Term
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Definition
contradictory moral code
-equality vs. entitlement
-applied ethics must be realistic and include some entitlement because it is human nature |
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