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Final Exam
Covers exams 1,2,3,4, and 5 for ISCI 2001
238
Science
Undergraduate 3
07/26/2010

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Cards

Term
a cell wall
Definition
A prokaryotic cell could have
Term
point mutation
Definition
A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another is called a
Term
proteins
Definition
The macromolecules made from carefully folded strings of amino acids are
Term
polygenic traits
Definition
Human height and skin color are examples of
Term
GTCAG
Definition
If one strand of DNA has the sequence CAGTC, the opposite strand will have the sequence
Term
prokaryotic cells have existed on Earth far longer than eukaryotic cells have existed
Definition
One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that
Term
20 chromosomes
Definition
If an male adult organism has 40 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its sperm cells have?
Term
Female
Definition
What sex is the following human as determined from the karyotype?
Term
introns
Definition
The sections of an mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are
Term
electron transport
Definition
During which of the following processes is the most ATP generated?
Term
Glycolysis
Definition
Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria?
Term
co-dominance
Definition
The A,B, O bloodtype in humans is an example of
Term
Living things allow their internal environment to match the conditions of the external environment
Definition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things?
Term
store genetic information in living organisms
Definition
Nucleic acids
Term
S Phase
Definition
During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell copy its genetic material?
Term
a fluid mosaic, made up of a double phospholipid layer and other components, and the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell
Definition
The cell membrane is
Term
Chloroplasts
Definition
Which of the following cell organelles conducts photosynthesis in plant cells?
Term
they affect more females than males
Definition
Which of the following statements about sex-linked traits is FALSE?
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
The fact that a red-flowered snapdragon bred to a white snapdragon produces pink-flowered offspring is an example of
Term
Diffusion
Definition
Which of the following terms describes the movement of oxygen from red blood cells into other cells in the body?
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
___________ act as a cell's "garbage disposal" by breaking down organic materials inside the cell.
Term
Dominant
Definition
When Mendel crossed pea plants with green seeds with pea plants with yellow seeds, all of the offspring had yellow seeds. This means that the trait for yellow seed color is
Term
UAACG
Definition
During transcription, the mRNA molecule constructed from the DAn sequence ATTGC is
Term
proteins and catalysts
Definition
Enzymes are
Term
Ribosomes
Definition
which of the following organelles is responsible for building proteins for the cell?
Term
Metaphase
Definition
The onion cell in the yellow circle is in which stage of mitosis?
Term
straight hairline must be a homozygote OR straight hairline must be a heterozygote
Definition
If a widow's peak hairline is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive, then a person with a
Term
sugar and phosphate; nitrogeneous bases
Definition
If DNA is described as have a ladder like structure, the 'sides' of the ladder are composed of _________, and the 'rungs' of the ladder are composed of _______.
Term
Form gametes
Definition
Which of the following is NOT a reason for a cell to undergo mitosis?
Term
facilitated diffusion
Definition
What form of transport across the cell membrane does not require energy, but does require a carrier protein?
Term
prophase I or metaphase I
Definition
Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis?
Term
Black
Definition
Two black female mice were bred with Sam, a brown male. In three litters:
Female A produced 9 black mice and 7 brown ones.
Female B produced 19 black mice.
Which color is dominant?
Term
9:3:3:1
Definition
Given the following cross, TtBb x TtBb, the resulting phenotypic ratio would be which of the following?
Term
eukaryotic cells contain DNA in a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not AND prokaryotic cells have existed for a lot longer time on the Earth than eukaryotic cells.
Definition
One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that
Term
carbon dioxide is produces
Definition
During alcoholic fermentation,
Term
It occurs in all cells of the human body
Definition
All of the following are true about meiosis except:
Term
Some of the children of two parents without dimples could have dimples.
Definition
If having dimples is dominant and not having dimples is recessive, then which of the following could NOT be true?
Term
store genetic information in living organisms.
Definition
Nucleic acids
Term
RNA
Definition
All of the following are found in chromosomes except
Term
the mRNA transcript may contain introns that are removed before translation
Definition
Which of the following statements regarding transcription and translation is true?
Term
incomplete dominance
Definition
The fact that red-flowered snapdragons bred to white-flowered snapdragons produces pink-flowered offspring is an example of
Term
RNA uses a completely different set of nitrogenous bases than DNA
Definition
RNA and DNA differ in all of the following ways except:
Term
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight
Definition
The reactants in the process of photosynthesis are
Term

all of the children of two straight-hairline parents will have straight hairlines.

Definition
If a widow's peak hairline is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive, then
Term
30 chromosomes
Definition
If an organism's body cells have 60 chromosomes, then its gametes have
Term
RNA uses a completely different set of nitrogeneous bases than DNA.
Definition
RNA and DNA differ in all of the following except:
Term
Lysosomes
Definition
In a plant cell, the organelles that break down organic molecules to produce ATP (energy) for the cell's use are
Term
messenger RNA
Definition
The molecule that is made during transcription is
Term
Are composed of a cell with no nucleus or other organelles
Definition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a virus?
Term

plants build glucose during photosynthesis

Definition

Carbon moves from the abiotic world to the biotic world when

Term
hair length.
Definition
All of the following traits are heritable in humans except
Term
Dinosaurs
Definition
Birds are most closely related to which of the following?
Term
upright posture
Definition
Which of the features below was the first to appear in hominids?
Term

niche

Definition
The total set of biotic and abiotic resources a species uses within a community is its
Term
deserts and temperate grasslands
Definition
Fertile soils are found in
Term
states that natural selection is a result of organisms competing for food and other resources , states that evolution was the result of organisms with traits that help them survive passing their genes on to the next generation, resulted from careful scientific observation.
Definition
Darwin’s theory of evolution
Term
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya
Definition
The three domains of life are
Term
False
Definition
Archea cells are eukaryotes, while Bacteria are prokaryotes.
Term

Arthropods

Definition
Which type of animal has an external exoskeleton made of chitin, a segmented body, and jointed legs?
Term
Birds; Lizards
Definition
________ are endotherms, and ________ are ectotherms
Term
decompose organic matter to recycle nutrients, fix Nitrogen so it can be used by plants, and can be used to make food.
Definition
Bacteria are important because they
Term
Amoeba
Definition
Which of the following would be classified as a protist?
Term
genetic drift
Definition
A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by chance because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as
Term
is growing, but is expected to stop growing when the population reaches 10 billion, soon after the year 2050.
Definition
Human population
Term

Stabilizing selection

Definition
If natural selection favors the average body size in a population of mites, you expect to see
Term
the impact of pollution
Definition
The change in coloration of the peppered moth occurred because of
Term
mutualism.
Definition
When an Egyptian plover cleans the teeth of a crocodile, we see an example of
Term
the activities of earlier waves of colonizers cause nutrients and organic matter to accumulate in a habitat, allowing later colonizers to thrive.
Definition
During ecological succession,
Term
Echinoderm
Definition
Which of the following is not a vertebrate?
Term
may include traits that help individuals find mates.
Definition
Adaptations
Term
logistically; exponentially
Definition
When population growth slows as a population reaches the habitat's carrying capacity, the population has grown ________. When a population experiences J-shaped growth, it grows ________.
Term
primary consumers.
Definition
Which trophic level do plant-eating antelope belong to?
Term

include both unicellular and multicellular forms 

Definition
Fungi
Term
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics over several generations.
Definition
Which of the following is an example of a population evolving?
Term

a postzygotic reproductive barrier

Definition

The liger is an example of what?

Term
Homo sapiens neanderthalis became extinct before Homo sapiens sapiens evolved.
Definition
Which statement regarding human evolution and our hominid relatives is false?
Term
consists of two parts, the genus name and the species name and is always Latinized
Definition
The scientific name of a species
Term
Type III survivorship
Definition
Species in which death rates are high early in life, with few individuals surviving until late in life, are characterized by
Term
the erratic flight of the Painted Lady butterfly.
Definition
Each of the following are adaptations related to acquiring mates except
Term
helper T cells
Definition
HIV destroys the body's immune system by destroying which of the following
Term
parasitism
Definition
The relationship between a leech and the animal it feeds off of is an example of
Term
The first genes were probably made of DNA, not RNA.
Definition
Which of the following statements regarding the origin of life is false?
Term
mitochondria.
Definition
Bacteria can possess any of the following traits except
Term
kingdom, class, family, genus
Definition
Which of the following lists of Linnaean levels of classification is correctly ordered from largest to smallest?
Term
mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes living inside early eukaryotes.
Definition
The endosymbiotic theory states that
Term
Sponge
Definition
Which type of animal may possess a tube-like structure with a large central cavity, is sedentary, and lacks tissues?
Term
population
Definition
All the organisms belonging to a single species that live in a given area make up a(n)
Term
"gaps" in the fossil record should be accepted somewhere closer to face value, species may not change for long periods of time, and rapid change in species often occurs during speciation events.
Definition
In their theory of punctuated equilibrium, Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge argue that
Term
photic zome
Definition
Oceanic phytoplankton are found in the
Term
evolutionary history
Definition
Under a cladistic classification system, organisms are grouped together based on their
Term
Linnaean system.
Definition
Which classification system makes use of multiple levels from domain to species?
Term
prions
Definition
The only known infectious agents that lack genetic material are
Term
All mammals have nipples.
Definition
Which statement regarding mammals is false?
Term
breeding of corn from teosinte.
Definition
An example of artificial selection is the
Term
10%
Definition
On average, what percent of the energy at one trophic level becomes available at the next trophic level?
Term
in the oceans
Definition
Where does most rainfall on Earth finally end up before becoming rain again?
Term
prokaryotes that are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria.
Definition
Archaea are
Term
toward the right
Definition
Because of the Coriolis effect, a wind in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected
Term
meteorite or comet bombardment.
Definition
The high concentration of iridium at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary may be attributable to
Term
to shield Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation.
Definition
During the Precambrian, the development of the ozone layer helped
Term
orographic lifting.
Definition
When an air mass is pushed upward over an obstacle, such as a mountain, it undergoes
Term
the unequal heating of the Earth's surface.
Definition
What is the factor most responsible for causing weather on Earth?
Term
warm, moist air.
Definition
The fundamental source of energy released by a tropical hurricane comes from
Term
between 200 and 300 million years old.
Definition
Granitic pebbles with a radiometric age of 300 million years are embedded in a sedimentary rock. A dike, dated at 200 million years, intrudes into the sedimentary rock. With all this information we can estimate the age of the sedimentary rock to be
Term
Mesozoic era.
Definition
Dinosaurs were abundant during the
Term
sunlight falls in a more vertical position at the equator than near the poles.
Definition
Air near the equator averages higher temperatures than air near the poles because
Term
half-life
Definition
The time required for one-half of a radioactive material to decay is called the
Term
responsible for introducing substantial ammounts of oxygen into Earth's atmosphere.
Definition
The cyanobacteria were
Term
have large deposits of coal and oil.
Definition
During the Carboniferous period, warm climatic conditions favored the development of lush vegetation and swampy forests. Today, rocks of this age are significant because they
Term
tornado
Definition
When a funnel cloud touches the ground, it becomes a
Term
resulted from the collision of all major land masses.
Definition
The formation of the supercontinent Pangea
Term

behind an advancing warm front

Definition

Warmer temperatures can be expected

Term
saturated
Definition
Air that containt the maximum amount of water vapor is considered to be
Term
solar energy
Definition
The driving force of our planet's hydrologic cycle comes from
Term
used relative dating to determine the relative ages of rocks.
Definition
Before radiometric dating techniques were available to determine the ages of rocks, scientists
Term
older than the sedimentary rock.
Definition
In a sedimentary rock that contains inclusions of metamorphic rock, the inclusions must be
Term
4.5 billion years old.
Definition
According to most estimates, Earth is approximately
Term
an approaching warm front.
Definition
Is the following diagram is an example of
Term
True
Definition
Dinosaurs are thought to have gone extinct because a large comet or meteorite or comet caused the climate to become cooler.
Term
pressure differences and temperature differences.
Definition
Wind blows due to
Term
Holocene
Definition
During which epoch did humans first appear?
Term
Cenozoic
Definition
During which era did mamals replace dinosaurs as the dominant life form?
Term
formation of Earth with widespread volcanic activity and meteorite bombardment, cooling and formation of continental plates, and primitive photosynthesis, free oxygen, and primordial life forms.
Definition
Key events for the Precambrian, which makes up the majority of Earth's history, are
Term
original horizontality.
Definition
As sediments settle in an ocean, bay, or lake, they are laid down in an even, horizontal manner, which illustrates the principle of
Term
metamorphic
Definition
which of the following rock types is formed when pressure and heat are applied to other existing rocks?
Term
faunal succession.
Definition
The scientific principle that assumes that the different forms of animals throughout Earth's past occurred in a definite order is called the principle of
Term
lowest layer and the thinnest layer, where Earth's weather occurs.
Definition
The atmosphere is divided into several layers. The troposphere is the
Term
change of Earth's seasons, hours of daylight, and intensity of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface.
Definition
The tilt of Earth's axis greatly affects the
Term
stratosphere
Definition
The ozone layer is a region within the
Term
the sedimentary layers
Definition
Which of the following structures is the oldest in the picture?
Term
weather
Definition
The atmospheric condition at a particular location at a particular moment in time is called
Term
uniformitarianism
Definition
The idea that the principles of physics, chemistry, and geology have operated unchanged through time to shape Earth as we know it today is embodied in the principle of
Term
2,112,000,000 years old.
Definition
If a radioactive element has a half-life of 704 million years, and the amount of parent material remaining is one-eighth of the original amount of parent material, the specimen is
Term
layer C
Definition
Which layer in the following diagram contains inclusions?
Term
transportation of rock particles via water wind or ice.
Definition
Erosion is
Term
chemical bond.
Definition
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. The planes of weakness are a function of crystal form and
Term
sedimentary
Definition
The majority of surface rocks on the continents are
Term
at the top of the rock sequence.
Definition
In an undeformed sequence of rocks the youngest rocks are found
Term
transform fault
Definition
According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a
Term
hardnesses
Definition
Moh's scale is defined on the basis of minerals that have different
Term
strength of its chemical bonds.
Definition
A mineral's hardness is dependent on the
Term
magnitude
Definition
The Richter scale measures an earthquake's
Term
two plates are moving past each other in opposite directions.
Definition
Transform faults are areas of
Term
seismic waves.
Definition
Earth's internal layers were discovered by studying
Term
water
Definition
The most important agent of erosion in most environments is
Term
volcanoes are common.
Definition
Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which
Term
isotasy
Definition
The theory of continental drift is NOT supported by
Term
horizontal layers and older layers at the bottom and younger layers at the top.
Definition
In any sequence of sedimentary rock layers that have not been subjected to stress, you would expect to find
Term
formed
Definition
Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was
Term
sedimentary
Definition
Some ________ rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water.
Term
silicon
Definition
Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks contain a mineral composed of the elements oxygen and
Term
The mantle includes part of the crust
Definition
Which of the following statements is false?
Term
melting and cooling
Definition
A sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous rock by
Term
metamorphic
Definition
which of the following rock types is formed when pressure and heat are applied to other existing rocks?
Term
crystallization
Definition
Minerals are formed by the process of
Term
becomes progressively older away from the mid-ocean ridges.
Definition
The ocean crust
Term
the mid-ocean ridges.
Definition
According to the theory of seafloor spreading, molten rock is rising up along
Term
flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core.
Definition
Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the
Term
on the ocean floor; on the continents
Definition
The two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found ________ and granite is found ________.
Term
realignment of minerals so that they are perpendicular to compressive forces.
Definition
The layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rocks is due to the
Term
continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust.
Definition
Continental crust extends farther down into the mantle than oceanic crust because
Term
iron and nickel.
Definition
The core of Earth is probably composed of
Term
James Hutton articulated the Principle of Uniformitarianism.
Definition
Modern geology was launched when
Term
diamond and carbon
Definition
Which of the following mineral pairs are polymorphs (same composition but have a different crystal structure)
Term
an octahedron
Definition
What is the crystal form of the following specimen?
Term
igneous
Definition
What type of rock is being formed in the picture shown?
Term
basaltic
Definition
80% of all igenous rocks on the surface of the Earth are
Term
p waves
Definition
The fastest seismic waves are
Term
transform
Definition
What type of plate boundary is visible in the picture shown?
Term

a drainage divide

Definition

A mountain range, such as the Appalachians, could serve as which of the following.

Term
groundwater
Definition
Underground water in the saturated zone is called
Term
cinder cone
Definition
What type of volcano is shown?
Term
alternating layers of lava, ash, and mud flow debris.
Definition
A composite volcano is formed by
Term
oblique fault
Definition
What type of fault is shown in the picture?
Term
regions of great mountain building, areas of plate subduction, and regions of plate collision.
Definition
Convergent boundaries are
Term
from converging tectonic plates.
Definition
Folded mountains, such as the Himalayas, are created by compression
Term
enters streams and lakes and makes its way to the oceans, percolates into the ground, evaporates from the surface to the atmosphere.
Definition
Water precipitated over land completes its cycle as it
Term
transform fault boundaries between plates.
Definition
The occurrence of earthquakes in the absence of seafloor spreading, oceanic trenches, or volcanic activity is a characteristic feature of
Term
tensional forces and movement of sections of rock along fault planes.
Definition
Fault-block mountains are produced by
Term
upwarped mountain
Definition
A section of crust is pushed upward from below, creating a dome-shaped mountain. What type of mountain is this?
Term
usually involves time and money, and rarely returns to its original state.
Definition
Clean up of contaminated groundwater
Term
the compacted clay layers cannot be expanded.
Definition
Land subsidence is generally not reversible because
Term
mechanical weathering.
Definition
When rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, we say the rock has undergone
Term
Atlantic
Definition
Which of the worlds oceans is the saltiest, coldest and growing larger each year?
Term
polar ice caps and glaciers
Definition
Most of Earth's fresh water is located in
Term
to the level of the water table
Definition
In a well is an aquifer. What is the highest level water can rise to if there is no pump?
Term
oceans
Definition
Water is vital to life on our planet. Most of Earth's water supply is in the
Term
mountains are the result of plate convergence - plates coming together.
Definition
Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because
Term
moraines
Definition
Which of the following are not produced by streams?
Term
drops
Definition
As water is withdrawn from a well, the water table around the well
Term
the collision of tectonic plates
Definition
Typically, folds in rocks result from
Term
shortens, wave speed slows, and wave height increases.
Definition
In a swell, wavelength is constant. As a swell nears the shore and touches bottom, the wavelength
Term

syncline

Definition

The downward shaped bend in the rock below is called a

Term
crystallization of molten magma.
Definition
Igneous rock is formed from
Term
minerals come in a variety of colors, and chemical impurities in the mineral can affect color.
Definition
Color is not a reliable means for mineral identification because
Term
streams enter a standing body of water.
Definition
Deltas form as
Term
sewage
Definition
What is a leading cause of groundwater contamination?
Term
changes its size or shape permanently
Definition
When a rock deforms plastically, it
Term

an old age stream

Definition

An oxbow lake, such as the one shown, is characteristic of

Term
immune cells attack the body's own cells.
Definition
In an autoimmune disease such as lupis,
Term
tendons
Definition
Muscles are connected to bones via
Term

rods

Definition

The most light sensitive cells in the eye (allow you to see better at night) are the

Term
stomach
Definition
A highly acidic mixture of hydrocholoric acid and digestive enzymes is added to food in the
Term
the diaphram contracts and flattens and the ribcage moves up and out from the chest.
Definition
Air moves into the lungs when
Term
an organ
Definition
The heart is an example of
Term
cochlea
Definition
The sensory cells (hair cells) for sould are located in the
Term

5

Definition

how many basic tastes can humans distinguish?

Term
cornea, pupil, lens, retina
Definition
Which of the following describes the path of light into the eye in the correct order?
Term
white blood cells
Definition
the blood cells that play a role in defending the body from foriegn pathogens are
Term
urethra
Definition
Urine flows from the bladder out of the body through the
Term

epiglottis; larynx

Definition

The __________ helps prevent choking, and the ________ contains the structures responsible for producing speech.

Term
T cells
Definition
All of the following are part of the innate immune system except
Term
It allows a neuron’s signal to be transmitted more quickly.
Definition
What is the function of the myelin sheath?
Term
anterior pituitary
Definition
The "master gland" that produces many hormones that control the function of other endocrine organs is tha
Term

red bone marrow

Definition

Red blood cells are produced in

Term
motor neurons
Definition

Which neurons carry messages from the central nervous system to other parts of the body (like muscles)?

Term

the cerebrum

Definition

Which part of the brain is responsible for speech and interpreting sound?

Term
first trimester of pregnancy.
Definition
A fetus’s major organs and body parts develop during the
Term
placenta
Definition
The structure that helps nourish (provides oxygen and nutrients)the embryo is the
Term
large intestine
Definition
Most of the water absorbed by the digestive syatem is absorbed in the
Term
sinoatrial node
Definition
Each heartbeat begins in the
Term
left ventricle and left atrium
Definition
Oxigenated blood is found in the
Term

help regulate the amount of water in the body

Definition

Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)

Term
The innate immune system responds immediately to a pathogen, while the acquired immune response is delayed and peaks between 3 and 5 days after exposure to a pathogen.
Definition
Which of the following is a key difference between the innate immune system and the acquired immune system?
Term
are Y-shaped proteins with two pathogen-binding sites.
Definition
Antibodies
Term

oviduct

Definition

Fertilization usually occurs in the

Term
zona pellucida
Definition
The structure that helps assure that only a single sperm fertilizes an egg is the
Term
platelets
Definition
The blood cells involved in blood clotting are
Term
interneurons
Definition
Neurons that connect neurons to other neurons are
Term
arteries going to body tissues
Definition
Blood in the left ventricle of the heart will be pumped to
Term
the brainstem
Definition
Which part of the brain controls heartbeat and respiration?
Term
saliva, gastric juice, and bile
Definition
All of the following contain digestive enzymes except
Term
chemical messengers, proteins or steroids, and produced in one part of the body and released into the bloodstream to travel elsewhere.
Definition
Hormones are
Term
veins
Definition
Blood flowing back to the heart travels in
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