Term
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Definition
A prokaryotic cell could have |
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Definition
A mutation in which one nucleotide is substituted for another is called a |
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Definition
The macromolecules made from carefully folded strings of amino acids are |
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Definition
Human height and skin color are examples of |
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Definition
If one strand of DNA has the sequence CAGTC, the opposite strand will have the sequence |
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prokaryotic cells have existed on Earth far longer than eukaryotic cells have existed |
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Definition
One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that |
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Definition
If an male adult organism has 40 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will its sperm cells have? |
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Definition
What sex is the following human as determined from the karyotype? |
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Definition
The sections of an mRNA molecule that are removed before translation are |
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Definition
During which of the following processes is the most ATP generated? |
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Definition
Which stage of cellular respiration does NOT occur in the mitochondria? |
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Term
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Definition
The A,B, O bloodtype in humans is an example of |
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Term
Living things allow their internal environment to match the conditions of the external environment |
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Definition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of living things? |
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Term
store genetic information in living organisms |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
During which stage of the cell cycle does a cell copy its genetic material? |
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a fluid mosaic, made up of a double phospholipid layer and other components, and the boundary between the inside and outside of the cell |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following cell organelles conducts photosynthesis in plant cells? |
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they affect more females than males |
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Definition
Which of the following statements about sex-linked traits is FALSE? |
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Term
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Definition
The fact that a red-flowered snapdragon bred to a white snapdragon produces pink-flowered offspring is an example of |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following terms describes the movement of oxygen from red blood cells into other cells in the body? |
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Definition
___________ act as a cell's "garbage disposal" by breaking down organic materials inside the cell. |
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Definition
When Mendel crossed pea plants with green seeds with pea plants with yellow seeds, all of the offspring had yellow seeds. This means that the trait for yellow seed color is |
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Definition
During transcription, the mRNA molecule constructed from the DAn sequence ATTGC is |
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Definition
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Definition
which of the following organelles is responsible for building proteins for the cell? |
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Term
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Definition
The onion cell in the yellow circle is in which stage of mitosis? |
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Term
straight hairline must be a homozygote OR straight hairline must be a heterozygote |
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Definition
If a widow's peak hairline is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive, then a person with a |
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Term
sugar and phosphate; nitrogeneous bases |
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Definition
If DNA is described as have a ladder like structure, the 'sides' of the ladder are composed of _________, and the 'rungs' of the ladder are composed of _______. |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following is NOT a reason for a cell to undergo mitosis? |
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Term
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Definition
What form of transport across the cell membrane does not require energy, but does require a carrier protein? |
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Term
prophase I or metaphase I |
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Definition
Crossing over occurs during which stage of meiosis? |
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Term
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Definition
Two black female mice were bred with Sam, a brown male. In three litters: Female A produced 9 black mice and 7 brown ones. Female B produced 19 black mice. Which color is dominant? |
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Term
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Definition
Given the following cross, TtBb x TtBb, the resulting phenotypic ratio would be which of the following? |
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Term
eukaryotic cells contain DNA in a nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not AND prokaryotic cells have existed for a lot longer time on the Earth than eukaryotic cells. |
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Definition
One difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells is that |
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Term
carbon dioxide is produces |
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Definition
During alcoholic fermentation, |
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Term
It occurs in all cells of the human body |
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Definition
All of the following are true about meiosis except: |
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Term
Some of the children of two parents without dimples could have dimples. |
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Definition
If having dimples is dominant and not having dimples is recessive, then which of the following could NOT be true? |
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Term
store genetic information in living organisms. |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
All of the following are found in chromosomes except |
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Term
the mRNA transcript may contain introns that are removed before translation |
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Definition
Which of the following statements regarding transcription and translation is true? |
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Term
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Definition
The fact that red-flowered snapdragons bred to white-flowered snapdragons produces pink-flowered offspring is an example of |
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Term
RNA uses a completely different set of nitrogenous bases than DNA |
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Definition
RNA and DNA differ in all of the following ways except: |
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Term
carbon dioxide, water, and sunlight |
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Definition
The reactants in the process of photosynthesis are |
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Term
all of the children of two straight-hairline parents will have straight hairlines. |
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Definition
If a widow's peak hairline is dominant and a straight hairline is recessive, then |
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Term
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Definition
If an organism's body cells have 60 chromosomes, then its gametes have |
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Term
RNA uses a completely different set of nitrogeneous bases than DNA. |
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Definition
RNA and DNA differ in all of the following except: |
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Term
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Definition
In a plant cell, the organelles that break down organic molecules to produce ATP (energy) for the cell's use are |
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Term
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Definition
The molecule that is made during transcription is |
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Term
Are composed of a cell with no nucleus or other organelles |
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Definition
Which of the following is not a characteristic of a virus? |
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Term
plants build glucose during photosynthesis |
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Definition
Carbon moves from the abiotic world to the biotic world when |
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Term
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Definition
All of the following traits are heritable in humans except |
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Term
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Definition
Birds are most closely related to which of the following? |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the features below was the first to appear in hominids? |
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Term
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Definition
The total set of biotic and abiotic resources a species uses within a community is its |
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Term
deserts and temperate grasslands |
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Definition
Fertile soils are found in |
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Term
states that natural selection is a result of organisms competing for food and other resources , states that evolution was the result of organisms with traits that help them survive passing their genes on to the next generation, resulted from careful scientific observation. |
|
Definition
Darwin’s theory of evolution |
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Term
bacteria, archaea, and eukarya |
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Definition
The three domains of life are |
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Term
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Definition
Archea cells are eukaryotes, while Bacteria are prokaryotes. |
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Term
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Definition
Which type of animal has an external exoskeleton made of chitin, a segmented body, and jointed legs? |
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Term
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Definition
________ are endotherms, and ________ are ectotherms |
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Term
decompose organic matter to recycle nutrients, fix Nitrogen so it can be used by plants, and can be used to make food. |
|
Definition
Bacteria are important because they |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following would be classified as a protist? |
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Term
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Definition
A population of beetles in which some individuals are blue and some individuals are green evolves by chance because more alleles of one color are transmitted to the next generation than alleles of the other color. This mechanism of evolution is known as |
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Term
is growing, but is expected to stop growing when the population reaches 10 billion, soon after the year 2050. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
If natural selection favors the average body size in a population of mites, you expect to see |
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Term
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Definition
The change in coloration of the peppered moth occurred because of |
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Term
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Definition
When an Egyptian plover cleans the teeth of a crocodile, we see an example of |
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Term
the activities of earlier waves of colonizers cause nutrients and organic matter to accumulate in a habitat, allowing later colonizers to thrive. |
|
Definition
During ecological succession, |
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Term
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Definition
Which of the following is not a vertebrate? |
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Term
may include traits that help individuals find mates. |
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Definition
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Term
logistically; exponentially |
|
Definition
When population growth slows as a population reaches the habitat's carrying capacity, the population has grown ________. When a population experiences J-shaped growth, it grows ________. |
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Term
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Definition
Which trophic level do plant-eating antelope belong to? |
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Term
include both unicellular and multicellular forms |
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Definition
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Term
Bacteria becoming resistant to antibiotics over several generations. |
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Definition
Which of the following is an example of a population evolving? |
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Term
a postzygotic reproductive barrier |
|
Definition
The liger is an example of what? |
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Term
Homo sapiens neanderthalis became extinct before Homo sapiens sapiens evolved. |
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Definition
Which statement regarding human evolution and our hominid relatives is false? |
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Term
consists of two parts, the genus name and the species name and is always Latinized |
|
Definition
The scientific name of a species |
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Term
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Definition
Species in which death rates are high early in life, with few individuals surviving until late in life, are characterized by |
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Term
the erratic flight of the Painted Lady butterfly. |
|
Definition
Each of the following are adaptations related to acquiring mates except |
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Term
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Definition
HIV destroys the body's immune system by destroying which of the following |
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Term
|
Definition
The relationship between a leech and the animal it feeds off of is an example of |
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Term
The first genes were probably made of DNA, not RNA. |
|
Definition
Which of the following statements regarding the origin of life is false? |
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Term
|
Definition
Bacteria can possess any of the following traits except |
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|
Term
kingdom, class, family, genus |
|
Definition
Which of the following lists of Linnaean levels of classification is correctly ordered from largest to smallest? |
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Term
mitochondria and chloroplasts evolved from prokaryotes living inside early eukaryotes. |
|
Definition
The endosymbiotic theory states that |
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Term
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Definition
Which type of animal may possess a tube-like structure with a large central cavity, is sedentary, and lacks tissues? |
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Term
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Definition
All the organisms belonging to a single species that live in a given area make up a(n) |
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Term
"gaps" in the fossil record should be accepted somewhere closer to face value, species may not change for long periods of time, and rapid change in species often occurs during speciation events. |
|
Definition
In their theory of punctuated equilibrium, Stephen Jay Gould and Niles Eldredge argue that |
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Term
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Definition
Oceanic phytoplankton are found in the |
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Term
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Definition
Under a cladistic classification system, organisms are grouped together based on their |
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Term
|
Definition
Which classification system makes use of multiple levels from domain to species? |
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Term
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Definition
The only known infectious agents that lack genetic material are |
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Term
All mammals have nipples. |
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Definition
Which statement regarding mammals is false? |
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Term
breeding of corn from teosinte. |
|
Definition
An example of artificial selection is the |
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Term
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Definition
On average, what percent of the energy at one trophic level becomes available at the next trophic level? |
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Term
|
Definition
Where does most rainfall on Earth finally end up before becoming rain again? |
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Term
prokaryotes that are more closely related to eukaryotes than bacteria. |
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Definition
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Term
|
Definition
Because of the Coriolis effect, a wind in the Northern Hemisphere is deflected |
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|
Term
meteorite or comet bombardment. |
|
Definition
The high concentration of iridium at the Cretaceous Tertiary boundary may be attributable to |
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|
Term
to shield Earth's surface from harmful ultraviolet radiation. |
|
Definition
During the Precambrian, the development of the ozone layer helped |
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Term
|
Definition
When an air mass is pushed upward over an obstacle, such as a mountain, it undergoes |
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|
Term
the unequal heating of the Earth's surface. |
|
Definition
What is the factor most responsible for causing weather on Earth? |
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Term
|
Definition
The fundamental source of energy released by a tropical hurricane comes from |
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|
Term
between 200 and 300 million years old. |
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Definition
Granitic pebbles with a radiometric age of 300 million years are embedded in a sedimentary rock. A dike, dated at 200 million years, intrudes into the sedimentary rock. With all this information we can estimate the age of the sedimentary rock to be |
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Term
|
Definition
Dinosaurs were abundant during the |
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Term
sunlight falls in a more vertical position at the equator than near the poles. |
|
Definition
Air near the equator averages higher temperatures than air near the poles because |
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Term
|
Definition
The time required for one-half of a radioactive material to decay is called the |
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|
Term
responsible for introducing substantial ammounts of oxygen into Earth's atmosphere. |
|
Definition
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|
Term
have large deposits of coal and oil. |
|
Definition
During the Carboniferous period, warm climatic conditions favored the development of lush vegetation and swampy forests. Today, rocks of this age are significant because they |
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Term
|
Definition
When a funnel cloud touches the ground, it becomes a |
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|
Term
resulted from the collision of all major land masses. |
|
Definition
The formation of the supercontinent Pangea |
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|
Term
behind an advancing warm front |
|
Definition
Warmer temperatures can be expected |
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Term
|
Definition
Air that containt the maximum amount of water vapor is considered to be |
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Term
|
Definition
The driving force of our planet's hydrologic cycle comes from |
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Term
used relative dating to determine the relative ages of rocks. |
|
Definition
Before radiometric dating techniques were available to determine the ages of rocks, scientists |
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|
Term
older than the sedimentary rock. |
|
Definition
In a sedimentary rock that contains inclusions of metamorphic rock, the inclusions must be |
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Term
|
Definition
According to most estimates, Earth is approximately |
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|
Term
an approaching warm front. |
|
Definition
Is the following diagram is an example of |
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Term
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Definition
Dinosaurs are thought to have gone extinct because a large comet or meteorite or comet caused the climate to become cooler. |
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Term
pressure differences and temperature differences. |
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
During which epoch did humans first appear? |
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Term
|
Definition
During which era did mamals replace dinosaurs as the dominant life form? |
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Term
formation of Earth with widespread volcanic activity and meteorite bombardment, cooling and formation of continental plates, and primitive photosynthesis, free oxygen, and primordial life forms. |
|
Definition
Key events for the Precambrian, which makes up the majority of Earth's history, are |
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Term
|
Definition
As sediments settle in an ocean, bay, or lake, they are laid down in an even, horizontal manner, which illustrates the principle of |
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Term
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Definition
which of the following rock types is formed when pressure and heat are applied to other existing rocks? |
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Term
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Definition
The scientific principle that assumes that the different forms of animals throughout Earth's past occurred in a definite order is called the principle of |
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|
Term
lowest layer and the thinnest layer, where Earth's weather occurs. |
|
Definition
The atmosphere is divided into several layers. The troposphere is the |
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|
Term
change of Earth's seasons, hours of daylight, and intensity of sunlight that reaches Earth's surface. |
|
Definition
The tilt of Earth's axis greatly affects the |
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Term
|
Definition
The ozone layer is a region within the |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following structures is the oldest in the picture? |
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Term
|
Definition
The atmospheric condition at a particular location at a particular moment in time is called |
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Term
|
Definition
The idea that the principles of physics, chemistry, and geology have operated unchanged through time to shape Earth as we know it today is embodied in the principle of |
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Term
|
Definition
If a radioactive element has a half-life of 704 million years, and the amount of parent material remaining is one-eighth of the original amount of parent material, the specimen is |
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Term
|
Definition
Which layer in the following diagram contains inclusions? |
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|
Term
transportation of rock particles via water wind or ice. |
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
Cleavage is the tendency of a mineral to break along planes of weakness. The planes of weakness are a function of crystal form and |
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Term
|
Definition
The majority of surface rocks on the continents are |
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|
Term
at the top of the rock sequence. |
|
Definition
In an undeformed sequence of rocks the youngest rocks are found |
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Term
|
Definition
According to plate tectonic theory, the San Andreas fault is a |
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Term
|
Definition
Moh's scale is defined on the basis of minerals that have different |
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|
Term
strength of its chemical bonds. |
|
Definition
A mineral's hardness is dependent on the |
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Term
|
Definition
The Richter scale measures an earthquake's |
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|
Term
two plates are moving past each other in opposite directions. |
|
Definition
Transform faults are areas of |
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Term
|
Definition
Earth's internal layers were discovered by studying |
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Term
|
Definition
The most important agent of erosion in most environments is |
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Term
|
Definition
Regions in which earthquakes are common are also regions in which |
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Term
|
Definition
The theory of continental drift is NOT supported by |
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|
Term
horizontal layers and older layers at the bottom and younger layers at the top. |
|
Definition
In any sequence of sedimentary rock layers that have not been subjected to stress, you would expect to find |
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Term
|
Definition
Rocks are grouped into three classes depending on how the rock was |
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Term
|
Definition
Some ________ rock is formed from minerals that were once dissolved in water. |
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Term
|
Definition
Based on its abundance in Earth's crust, most rocks contain a mineral composed of the elements oxygen and |
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|
Term
The mantle includes part of the crust |
|
Definition
Which of the following statements is false? |
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Term
|
Definition
A sedimentary rock can turn into an igneous rock by |
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Term
|
Definition
which of the following rock types is formed when pressure and heat are applied to other existing rocks? |
|
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Term
|
Definition
Minerals are formed by the process of |
|
|
Term
becomes progressively older away from the mid-ocean ridges. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
According to the theory of seafloor spreading, molten rock is rising up along |
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|
Term
flow of molten fluid in Earth's outer core. |
|
Definition
Earth's magnetic field is attributed to the |
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|
Term
on the ocean floor; on the continents |
|
Definition
The two most common igneous rocks are basalt and granite. Basalt is commonly found ________ and granite is found ________. |
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Term
realignment of minerals so that they are perpendicular to compressive forces. |
|
Definition
The layered appearance of foliated metamorphic rocks is due to the |
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Term
continental crust is thicker than oceanic crust. |
|
Definition
Continental crust extends farther down into the mantle than oceanic crust because |
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Term
|
Definition
The core of Earth is probably composed of |
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|
Term
James Hutton articulated the Principle of Uniformitarianism. |
|
Definition
Modern geology was launched when |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following mineral pairs are polymorphs (same composition but have a different crystal structure) |
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Term
|
Definition
What is the crystal form of the following specimen? |
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Term
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Definition
What type of rock is being formed in the picture shown? |
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Term
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Definition
80% of all igenous rocks on the surface of the Earth are |
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Term
|
Definition
The fastest seismic waves are |
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Term
|
Definition
What type of plate boundary is visible in the picture shown? |
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Term
|
Definition
A mountain range, such as the Appalachians, could serve as which of the following.
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Term
|
Definition
Underground water in the saturated zone is called |
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Term
|
Definition
What type of volcano is shown? |
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|
Term
alternating layers of lava, ash, and mud flow debris. |
|
Definition
A composite volcano is formed by |
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Term
|
Definition
What type of fault is shown in the picture? |
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|
Term
regions of great mountain building, areas of plate subduction, and regions of plate collision. |
|
Definition
Convergent boundaries are |
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|
Term
from converging tectonic plates. |
|
Definition
Folded mountains, such as the Himalayas, are created by compression |
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|
Term
enters streams and lakes and makes its way to the oceans, percolates into the ground, evaporates from the surface to the atmosphere. |
|
Definition
Water precipitated over land completes its cycle as it |
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|
Term
transform fault boundaries between plates. |
|
Definition
The occurrence of earthquakes in the absence of seafloor spreading, oceanic trenches, or volcanic activity is a characteristic feature of |
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|
Term
tensional forces and movement of sections of rock along fault planes. |
|
Definition
Fault-block mountains are produced by |
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Term
|
Definition
A section of crust is pushed upward from below, creating a dome-shaped mountain. What type of mountain is this? |
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|
Term
usually involves time and money, and rarely returns to its original state. |
|
Definition
Clean up of contaminated groundwater |
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|
Term
the compacted clay layers cannot be expanded. |
|
Definition
Land subsidence is generally not reversible because |
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Term
|
Definition
When rock is broken down into smaller and smaller pieces, we say the rock has undergone |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the worlds oceans is the saltiest, coldest and growing larger each year? |
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Term
polar ice caps and glaciers |
|
Definition
Most of Earth's fresh water is located in |
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|
Term
to the level of the water table |
|
Definition
In a well is an aquifer. What is the highest level water can rise to if there is no pump? |
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Term
|
Definition
Water is vital to life on our planet. Most of Earth's water supply is in the |
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|
Term
mountains are the result of plate convergence - plates coming together. |
|
Definition
Mountains tend to form in long narrow ranges because |
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Term
|
Definition
Which of the following are not produced by streams? |
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Term
|
Definition
As water is withdrawn from a well, the water table around the well |
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|
Term
the collision of tectonic plates |
|
Definition
Typically, folds in rocks result from |
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|
Term
shortens, wave speed slows, and wave height increases. |
|
Definition
In a swell, wavelength is constant. As a swell nears the shore and touches bottom, the wavelength |
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Term
|
Definition
The downward shaped bend in the rock below is called a
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|
Term
crystallization of molten magma. |
|
Definition
Igneous rock is formed from |
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|
Term
minerals come in a variety of colors, and chemical impurities in the mineral can affect color. |
|
Definition
Color is not a reliable means for mineral identification because |
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|
Term
streams enter a standing body of water. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
What is a leading cause of groundwater contamination? |
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Term
changes its size or shape permanently |
|
Definition
When a rock deforms plastically, it |
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Term
|
Definition
An oxbow lake, such as the one shown, is characteristic of
|
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|
|
Term
immune cells attack the body's own cells. |
|
Definition
In an autoimmune disease such as lupis, |
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Term
|
Definition
Muscles are connected to bones via |
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Term
|
Definition
The most light sensitive cells in the eye (allow you to see better at night) are the
|
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|
|
Term
|
Definition
A highly acidic mixture of hydrocholoric acid and digestive enzymes is added to food in the |
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|
Term
the diaphram contracts and flattens and the ribcage moves up and out from the chest. |
|
Definition
Air moves into the lungs when |
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Term
|
Definition
The heart is an example of |
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Term
|
Definition
The sensory cells (hair cells) for sould are located in the |
|
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Term
|
Definition
how many basic tastes can humans distinguish?
|
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|
|
Term
cornea, pupil, lens, retina |
|
Definition
Which of the following describes the path of light into the eye in the correct order? |
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Term
|
Definition
the blood cells that play a role in defending the body from foriegn pathogens are |
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Term
|
Definition
Urine flows from the bladder out of the body through the |
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Term
|
Definition
The __________ helps prevent choking, and the ________ contains the structures responsible for producing speech.
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Term
|
Definition
All of the following are part of the innate immune system except |
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Term
It allows a neuron’s signal to be transmitted more quickly. |
|
Definition
What is the function of the myelin sheath? |
|
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Term
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Definition
The "master gland" that produces many hormones that control the function of other endocrine organs is tha |
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Red blood cells are produced in
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Which neurons carry messages from the central nervous system to other parts of the body (like muscles)?
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Which part of the brain is responsible for speech and interpreting sound?
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first trimester of pregnancy. |
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A fetus’s major organs and body parts develop during the |
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The structure that helps nourish (provides oxygen and nutrients)the embryo is the |
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Most of the water absorbed by the digestive syatem is absorbed in the |
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Each heartbeat begins in the |
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left ventricle and left atrium |
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Oxigenated blood is found in the |
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help regulate the amount of water in the body |
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Antidiuretic hormones (ADH)
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The innate immune system responds immediately to a pathogen, while the acquired immune response is delayed and peaks between 3 and 5 days after exposure to a pathogen. |
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Which of the following is a key difference between the innate immune system and the acquired immune system? |
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are Y-shaped proteins with two pathogen-binding sites. |
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Fertilization usually occurs in the |
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The structure that helps assure that only a single sperm fertilizes an egg is the |
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The blood cells involved in blood clotting are |
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Neurons that connect neurons to other neurons are |
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arteries going to body tissues |
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Blood in the left ventricle of the heart will be pumped to |
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Which part of the brain controls heartbeat and respiration? |
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saliva, gastric juice, and bile |
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All of the following contain digestive enzymes except |
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chemical messengers, proteins or steroids, and produced in one part of the body and released into the bloodstream to travel elsewhere. |
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Blood flowing back to the heart travels in |
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