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Definition
| the passing of traits from parents to offspring |
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Definition
| the offspring of many generations that have the same traits. |
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Definition
| an allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present. |
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Definition
| an organism's physical appearance or visible traits. |
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Definition
| a condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive. |
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Definition
| a characteristic that an organism can pass onto its offspring through its genes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait. |
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Definition
| RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm. |
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Definition
| the process in which an egg cell and a sperm cell join to form a new organism. |
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Definition
| an allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present. |
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Definition
| a chart that shows all the possible combination of alleles that can result from a genetic cross. |
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Definition
| Having two different alleles for a trait. |
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Definition
| RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain. |
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Definition
| an organism that has two different alleles for a trait; an organism that is heterozygous for a particular trait. |
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Definition
| an organism's genetic makeup or allele combinations. |
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Definition
| the process that occurs in the formation of sex cells (sperm and egg) by which the number of chromosomes is reduced by half. |
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Definition
| the scientific study of heredity |
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Term
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Definition
| the different forms of a gene. |
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Definition
| a number that describes how likely it is that an event will occur. |
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Definition
| having two identical alleles for a trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of organs that work together to perform a major function in the body |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which an organism's internal environment is kept stable in spite of changes in the external environment. |
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Definition
| a place in the body where two bones come together. |
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Term
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Definition
| strong connective tissue that holds bones together in movable joints. |
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Term
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Definition
| a connective tissue that is more flexible than bone and that protects the ends of bones and keeps them from rubbing together. |
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Definition
| a muscle that is attached to the bones of the skeleton and provides the force that moves the bones. |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary muscle found inside many internal organs of the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| muscle tissue found only in the heart. |
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Definition
| the process by which the body breaks down food into small nutrient molecules. |
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Definition
| the process by which nutrient molecules pass through the wall of the digestive system into the blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| a protein that speeds up chemical reactions in the body. |
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Term
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Definition
| involuntary waves of muscle contraction that keep food moving along in one direction through the digestive system. |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance produced by the liver that breaks up fat particles. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny finger-shaped structures that cover the inner surface of the small intestine and provide a large surface area through which digested food is absorbed. |
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Term
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Definition
| each of the two upper chambers of the heart that receives blood that comes into the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| each of the two lower chambers of the heart that pumps blood out of the heart. |
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Definition
| a flap of tissue in the heart or a vein that prevents blood from flowing backward. |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart. |
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Term
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Definition
| a tiny blood vessel where substances are exchanged between the blood and the body cells |
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Term
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Definition
| a blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart. |
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Definition
| the process in which oxygen and glucose undergo a complex series of chemical reactions inside cells; also called cellular respiration |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny hair-like extensions that move together in a sweeping motion |
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Definition
| the throat; part of both the respiratory and the digestive systems. |
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Definition
| the windpipe; a passage through which air moves in the respiratory system. |
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Definition
| tiny sacs of lung tissue specialized for the movement of gases between air and blood. |
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Term
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Definition
| a large dome-shaped muscle that plays an important role in breathing |
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Definition
| a chemical that comes from the breakdown of proteins. |
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Definition
| small filtering structure found in the kidneys that removes wastes from blood and produces urine. |
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Term
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Definition
| a narrow tube that carries urine from one of the kidneys to the urinary bladder. |
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Term
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Definition
| any change or signal in the environment that can make an organism react in some way. |
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Term
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Definition
| what the body does in reaction to a stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that carries information through the nervous system. |
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Term
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Definition
| the junction where one neuron can transfer an impulse to the next structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the brain that interprets input from the senses, controls movement, and carries out complex mental processes. |
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Term
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Definition
| the part of the brain that lies between the cerebellum and spinal cord and controls the body's involuntary actions. |
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Term
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Definition
| an automatic response that occurs rapidly and without conscious control. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vascular tissue through which food moves in some plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| the vascular tissue through which water and nutrients move in some plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny particles (male gametophytes) produced by seed plants that contain the cells that later become sperm cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| the plant structure that contains a young plant inside a protective covering. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which water is lost through a plant's leaves. |
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Definition
| plant that produces seeds that are not enclosed by a protective fruit. |
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Definition
| the reproductive structure of a gymnosperm. |
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Term
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Definition
| a plant structure in seed plants that produces the female gametophyte. |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of pollen from male reproductive structures to female reproductive structures in plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| a flowering plant that produces seeds enclosed in a protective structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| a male reproductive part of a flower. |
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Term
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Definition
| the female reproductive part of a flower. |
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Term
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Definition
| three or more forms of a gene that code for a single trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| a pair of chromosomes carrying genes that determine whether a person is male or female. |
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Term
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Definition
| a gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome |
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Term
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Definition
| a person who has one recessive allele for a trait, but does not have the trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| a chart of "family tree" that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| a picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of selecting a few organisms with desired traits to serve as parents of the next generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| a selective breeding method in which two individuals with identical or similar sets of alleles are crossed. |
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Term
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Definition
| a selective breeding method in which two genetically different individuals are crossed. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced. |
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Term
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Definition
| the transfer of a gene from the DNA of one organism into another organism, in order to produce an organism with desired traits. |
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Term
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Definition
| the insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder. |
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Term
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Definition
| all of the DNA in one cell of an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process by which plants and some other organisms capture and use light energy to make food from carbon dioxide and water. |
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Term
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Definition
| a group of similar cells that perform a specific function in an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| a plant cell structure in which photosynthesis occurs. |
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Term
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Definition
| a large sac-like storage area in a cell. |
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Term
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Definition
| the waxy, waterproof layer that covers the leaves and stems of most plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal transporting tissue in some plants that is made up of tube-like structures. |
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Term
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Definition
| the joining of a sperm cell and an egg cell. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a green pigment found in the chloroplasts of plants, algae and some bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces spores. |
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Term
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Definition
| the stage in the life cycle of a plant in which the plant produces gametes, or sex cells. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal whose body does not produce much heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal that has a backbone |
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Term
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Definition
| an organ in pregnant female placental mammals that passes materials between the mother and the developing embryo. |
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Term
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Definition
| the internal skeleton offering support and protection to an animal's body. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal whose body controls and regulates its temperature by controlling the internal heat it produces. |
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Term
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Definition
| a characteristic that helps an organism survive in its environment and reproduce. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism that eats both plants and animals |
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Term
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Definition
| a waxy waterproof outer shell that protects an animal's body and gives it shape |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal that only eats plants. |
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Term
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Definition
| a flexible rod that supports a chordate's back. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| process when an animal's body undergoes dramatic changes during its life. |
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Term
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Definition
| an animal that does not have a backbone. |
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Term
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Definition
| a dome-shaped, muscular partition separating the thorax from the abdomen in mammals plays a major role in breeding. |
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Term
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Definition
| the quality of being made up of exactly similar parts facing each other or around an axis. |
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