a person born during a baby boom, esp. one born in the U.S. between 1946 and 1965.

  tax on unearned income from rents, stocks and interest.

-          Potential crisis situation in most countries characterized by an increasing number of older people dependent on pension schemes a direct result of demographic transition.

-          the spending congress actually controls; 33% of all spending.

charges on sale or manufacture of products, such as cigarettes, alcohol and gasoline.

variety of place and geographic identity within a relatively small area. (neighborhood)

view which the U.S. sphere of influence has expanded beyond the western hemisphere to include virtually every corner of the globe where U.S. interests might be affected.

-          Resolution passed by Congress that granted President Lyndon Johnson authority to pursue the war in Vietnam, supposedly based on a naval attack North Vietnamese ships.

is a 1974 United States federal law that amended the Foreign Assistance Act of 1961. The Act required the President of the United States to report all covert operations of the Central Intelligence Agency to one or more Congressional committees within a set time limit.

is a term that became popular in the 1960s and describes the modern presidency of the United States. The Imperial Presidency was written out of two concerns; first that the US Presidency was out of control and second that the Presidency had exceeded the Constitutional limits

-          A pattern in which the U.S. fosters economic relations abroad without committing to strategic alliances that might draw the country into war.

-          the changing of eligibility for entitlement benefits from everyone receiving benefits to only those with earnings and savings below a predetermined level, in an attempt to save money.  

-          A doctrine enunciated by President James Monroe in 1823 that proclaimed North and South America to be in the U.S.  sphere of influence, hence out of bounds for European aspirations. It reinforced growing isolationism by promising not to interfere in the internal concerns of European states.

-          is usually an executive branch governmental body responsible for coordinating policy on national security issues and advising chief executives on matters related to national security.

-          North Atlantic Treaty Organization, is a military alliance established by the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty on 4 April 1949. The NATO headquarters are in Brussels, Belgium, and the organization constitutes a system of collective defense whereby its member states agree to mutual defense in response to an attack by any external party.

state positions similar to the president’s “cabinet”

are elective offices rather than appointed by the governor. (This is in sharp contrast to the national executive where the president is allowed to appoint hiscabinet secretaries.) Unique to the states, the plural executive creates a kind of checks and balances system within the executive branch because the governor is not allowed to personally appoint key officials within his executive branch.

-          leaders who invest in, and who create the conditions for a potential group to become an actual interest group. Ralph Nader stands as a classic example of a policy entrepreneur.

-          A proposal submitted by a state legislature to the public for a popular vote, often focusing on whether a state should spend money in a certain way.

-          Policy that involves the use of police powers by the federal government to supervise the conduct of individuals, businesses and other governmental agencies.

-          Policy that uses positive incentives (Cash assistance, stipends, entitlements, grants, etc.) to promote or encourage basic social and economic fairness.

-          a social system whereby the government assumes primary responsibility for the welfare of citizen.

Social Security:

Almost every type of ecosystem known to the planet can

be found somewhere in the U.S. Thus, across the nation _____________________

there is extensive

geographic diversity.

are less geographically

diverse, having only a few geographic features e.g. Kansas is mostly flat farmland

In addition to the diversity of economic interests created by topography, the size of the state allows room for other key economic sectors in the state like

manufacturing

those of the national government in Washington, D.C.

meets 200+ days a year; a total annual budget for leg. operations of $180M

- salary = the highest in the nation, i.e.,

- staff, i.e. legislative assts.

 (trial courts, Courts of

Appeal, and state Supreme Court)

Appellate judges (i.e., Court of Appeals and state Supreme Court) are appointed by

The govenor after his required consultation with the 25-

member Commission on Judicial Nominee Evaluation and then approval

by the 3-member Commission on Judicial Appointments

terms for trail judges =

terms for appellate judges =

3 mechanisms for greater

popular electoral influence

approximately half the states (24) allows voters a direct role in either approving or vetoing a specific state policy

When state legislatures want to borrow money by

selling bonds or want to add an amendment to the state constitution, nearly every state constitution requires a referendum be presented to voters, in effect, allowing voters to ultimate decide the question.

allows citizens wish to overturn legislation that has

been.passed by the state legislature and signed by the governor. Citizens may circulate petitions, gather signatures of registered voters to put the policy question directly to the voters in the next election.

If enough signatures are gathered, within the specified time period allowed, the voters are able to directly check and balance state institutions by either approving or vetoing the legislative act.

a ballot measurement of the public mood that is nonbinding, i.e., instead of allowing voters to set policy, an advisory referendum is placed on the ballot by local officials merely to ask voters their opinion on a particular policy question. California has all three types of referenda

which allows citizens to directly author and approve

legislation and constitutional amendments (24 states)

Domestic Policy

The single-best measure of the health of a democratic society can be found in the nations distribution of burdens and resources

                                                                 i.      Increase payroll rate or cap.

                                                                  ii.      Increase retiement age

                                                                iii.      Redefine entitlement