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Final Exam
Microbiology Exam
48
Microbiology
Undergraduate 3
05/12/2011

Additional Microbiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Which of the following methods would be best to sterilize a solution that contains nutrients that are sensitive to heat?  

Definition
Membrane filtration
Term
What are some factors related to effectiveness of an antimicrobial treatment?  
Definition
population, environment, time of exposure, microbial characteristics

Term
A chemical used to kill most bacteria on living tissue is referred to as a(n)?
Definition
antiseptic
Term
When antiseptics and disinfectants are compared, antiseptics are
Definition
less toxic.
Term
Which of the following inhibits bacterial growth but does not kill bacteria 
Definition
bacteriostatic agent

Term
An autoclave is able to sterilize lab equipment because?
Definition
It uses high temperatures, moisture, and pressure
Term
One of the ways Radiation kills cells is by
Definition

Damaging DNA

Term
Which of the following is NOT a physical method of microbial control?
Definition
turbidity
Term
The principle of transformation was first demonstrated by which of the following individuals or groups of individuals? 
Definition
Griffith

Term
Transformation is transfer of DNA from a donor to a recipient cell..
Definition
as naked DNA in solution
Term
An enzyme which is produced in response to a substrate is called
Definition
An inducible enzyme
Term
The lac operon is an example of an inducible enzyme system. Thus, for the synthesis of enzymes to occur
Definition
lactose must bind to the repressor
Term
Conjugation differs from reproduction because conjugation
Definition
transfers DNA horizontally to cells in the same generation
Term

The figure above shows an example of the growth rate of Escherichia coli on glucose and lactose. Which of the following best describes what is occurring during the lag time period in which all glucose is consumed by the microorganism?

Definition

cAMP increases, the lac operon is transcribed, and the enzymes for lactose metabolism are produced

Term

Which of the following can be used to make recombinant DNA

Definition

A. Microinjection

B. Honolulu cloning technique

C. Transformation                                             

D. Vectors and electroporation

E. All of the above

Term
Which of the following reactions are catalyzed by reverse transcriptase
Definition
mRNA ® cDNA
Term
Self-replicating DNA used to transmit a gene from one organism to another is a
Definition
vector
Term
Yeast belong to the Kingdom
Definition

Fungi

Term
Why are Archae and Eukaryotes more closely related than Archae and Bacteria
Definition

They evolved from a common ancestor

Term
If two organisms have similar rRNA sequences you can conclude all of the following except
Definition
They can ferment lactose
Term
A characteristic consistent in the Kingdom fungi is
Definition

Absorption of dissolved organic matter

Term
You begin with one gene that you wish replicated by PCR. After 3 cycles, how many copies of the gene do you have?
Definition
8
Term

You have isolated a gram-positive, endospore forming bacteria. To which of the following groups does it most likely belong to?

Definition

Low G+C bacteria

Term

Figure A is the lac operon. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the molecules bound to the operator and promoter if there is no glucose and no lactose present?

Definition

active CAP and lac repressor

Term

Figure A is the lac operon. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the molecules bound to the operator and promoter if there is glucose and lactose present?

Definition

no molecules will be bound

Term
Figure A is the lac operon. Which of the following best describes the relationship of the molecules bound to the operator and promoter if there is no glucose but lactose is present?
Definition
cAMP high, CAP only
Term
Figure B is the trp operon. Which of the following best describes the normal state of this operon?
Definition
RNA polymerase is consistently transcribing the genes necessary to synthesize tryptophan         
Term
Figure B is the trp operon. Which of the following best describes this operon if tryptophan is in excess?
Definition
the trp repressor will be bound to tryptophan and bound to the operator
Term
When bound to the DNA, the repressor protein usually prevents attachment of the RNA polymerase to the __________. 
Definition
promoter
Term
The value of cDNA in recombinant DNA is    
Definition
it lacks introns
Term
The technique of PCR was developed by which of the following individuals or groups of individuals? 
Definition

Kary Mullis

Term
Which restriction enzyme would cut this strand of DNA: GCATGGATCCCAATGC?  
Definition

BamH1, recognition sequence: GATCC

Term
Cloning a gene involves all of the following except  
Definition
expression of the vector and the gene in a cell-free environment.
Term
Which of the following was first produced commercially using recombinant DNA technology? 
Definition

human insulin

Term
The __________ describes the specific set of genes an organism possesses. 
Definition
genotype
Term
The science dealing with classification is called 
Definition
taxonomy.

Term
A classification system based on evolutionary relationships is called a __________ system.
Definition
phylogenetic
Term
The organisms in which of the following are more closely related?  
Definition

species

Term

The percent (G+C) of DNA affects the stability of DNA in

Definition
higher temperature environments

Term
Which of the following is true about lichens?  
Definition

B.  It is an example of a mutualistic relationship

C.  It is a combination of an alga (or cyanobacterium) and fungus

Both B and C

Term
Cyanobacteria are capable of fixing atmospheric N2, and are also examples.  
Definition

A.  organisms that are gram negative

C.  organisms that are capable of photosynthesis          

D.  Both A and C

 

 

Term

Figure above depict a plasmid used for cloning, a(n) _________ allows the plasmid to be self-replicating. Two genes, one coding for antibiotic ampicillin (ampR) and one for the enzyme b-galactosidase (lacZ), serve as _________.

Definition

a.    origin of replication, marker genes for selection

Term
Fungi  
Definition

A.  are eukaryotic organisms.

D.  can reproduce sexually and asexually

      E.  A and D are true

 

 

 

Term
Brown algae are also referred to as  
Definition
Phaeophyta
Term
Which group of algae gave rise to modern plants?  
Definition
Chlorophyta
Term
A child has type AB blood. Which of the following statements is correct?
Definition
the child's phenotype is AB
Term

Figure above describes a method of selecting recombinant bacteria.  The plasmid vector contains a gene (ampR) coding for resistance to the antibiotic ampicillin, and a second gene for the enzyme b-galactosidase (lacZ). In the blue-white screening procedure, a library of bacteria is cultured in a medium called X-gal. X-gal contains two essential components other than those necessary to support normal bacterial growth. Knowing this, why then are some colonies blue and others white?

Definition

a.     bacteria that received the original plasmid containing the intact lacZ gene, the cells will cleave X-gal to produce a blue colored compound, the colonies will be blue

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