Term
1. Which of the following vessels normally handles blood under the highest pressure (relative to the others)?
a. Superior vena cava
b. Brachial artery
C. Aorta
D. Capillary |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
2. The osmotic pressure of the blood is established by many different solutes. However the most important solutes are the....
a. erythrocytes
b. platelets
c. albumins
d. fibrinogens |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
3. Which of the following statements regarding the muscular arteries is TRUE?
a. Muscular arteries have a much larger tunica externa than elastic arteries.
b. The diameter of muscular arteries is regulated by the parasympathetic nervous system
c. The smooth muscle in the walls of muscular arteries is more vasoactive than that found in elastic arteries.
d. Muscular arteries are located nearest the heart and include the aorta and pulmonary trunk. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
4. Which of the following is not one of the three main factors influencing blood pressure?
a. cardiac output
b. peripheral resistance
c. tissue perfusion
d. blood volume |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
5. The urinary system regulates blood pressure over the long term by...
a. adjusting the amount of water being excreted in urine.
b. Releasing Angiotensin II
c. by providing sensory input to the cardiovascular centers.
d. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
6. The vasoactivity of _______ is an important determinant of blood pressure.
a. elastic arteries
b. the vena cavae
c. arterioles
d. vascular shunt
e. postcapillary venules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
7. One way that the nervous system can affect blood pressure is by increasing or decreasing cardiac output. It accomplishes this through via....
a. The sympathetic division only
b. the parasympathetic division only.
c. both sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions.
d. the somatic nervous system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
8. During capillary exchange a number of different substances leave or enter the bloodstream to/from the interstitial fluid. Along these lines, which of the following pairs is mismatched?
a. Carbon dioxide - leave bloodstream
b. Water-both leaves and enters bloodstream
c. Oxygen-leaves bloodstream
d. Wastes-entersbloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
9. Blood is able to enter the true capillaries when the...
a. terminal arterioles are open
b. terminal arterioles are constricted
c. postcapillary venule is closed
d. precapillary sphincters are relaxed
e. None of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
10. Cardiovascular centers that regulate blood pressure occurs in the...
a. hypothalamus
b. cerebrum
c. pons
d. cerebellum
e. medulla oblongata |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
11. Vasomotor centers in the brain determine vasodilation/vasoconstriction of blood vessels through...
a. parasympathetic stimulation only
b. sympathetic stimulation only
c. both parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation
d. neither parasympathetic and sympathetic stimulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
12. Determine net filtration pressure (NFP = HPnet - OPnet) when:
HPc =35
HPif =0
OPc =26
OPif =1
a. 10mm Hg
b. 0mm Hg
c. -10mm Hg
d. -1mmHg |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
13. Blood pressure declines continuously as blood moves away from the heart due primarily to the effects of...
a. ventricular diastole
b. gravity
c. venous valves
d. peripheral resistance (friction) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
14. The red bone marrow contains highly permeable capillaries, called __________ capillaries that allow the movement of blood cells into the blood stream.
a. continuous
b. fenestrated
c. sinusoidal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
15. Which of the following responses concerning peripheral resistance is incorrect?
a. Increase vasodilation = decrease peripheral resistance
b. increase turbulence = decrease peripheral resistance
c. decrease blood viscosity = decrease peripheral resistance
d. Increase vessel length= increase peripheral resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
16. Blood pressure is regulated in the short-term by reflexes overseen by the...
a. intrinsic conduction system
b. autonomic nervous system
c. endocrine system
d. cerebral cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
17. Estrogen helps to reduce the risk of atherscerosis in women prior to menopause by all of the following except...
a. increasing the rate that live degrades LDLs
b. Increasing the rate that the liver synthesizes HDLs
c. stimulating vasoconstriction
d. Reducing peripheral resistance |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
19. Chemoreceptors that monitor the concentration of O2, CO2, and H+ in the blood are found in all of the following locations except...
a. carotid bodies
b. inferior vena cava
c. aortic bodies
d medulla oblongata
e. Both c and d |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
20. Most hormones that affect blood pressure work to increase a falling blood pressure. One hormone though is released when blood pressure is too high and works to decrease this elevated blood pressure. This hormone is...
a. atrial natriuretic peptide
b. antidiuretic hormone
c. angiotensin II
d. epinephrine |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
21. Which of the following statements is correct?
a. Atrial natriuretic peptide causes the kidneys to conserve sodium and results in an increase in blood pressure.
b. Antidiuretic hormone causes the kidneys to excrete water and consequently results in a decrease in blood pressure.
c. Increased sympathetic stimulation of the heart leads to a reduction in cardiac output and results in decreased blood pressure.
d. Renin results in the formation of Angiotensin II and leads to an increase in blood pressure |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
22. Which of the following types of circulatory shock occurs when the sympathetic division fails to control vasomotor tone?
a. Hypovolemic
b. septic
c. Neurogenic
d. Vascular |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
23. Lymph fluid is formed from the _________ liters of fluid lost from the bloodstream every 24 hours.
a. 3.6
b. 5
c. 10
d. 1 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
24. The filtration of blood within the spleen occurs in...
a. the medulla
b. the white pulp
c. the red pulp
d. the cortex |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
25. As described in the text, during embryonic development lymphatic vessels and lymph nodes arise as lymph sacs from the developing veins.
a. true
b. false |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
26. a lymph node houses macrophages primarily within its...
a. cortex
b. medulla
c. germinal follicles
d. efferent lymphatic vessels
e. both b and c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
27. Which of the following is not a function of the lymphatic system?
a. House/support the immune system
b. Filter lymph fluid
c. Deliver oxygen to tissues
d. Return excess tissue fluid to the bloodstream |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
28. (picture of lymphatic capillary) An attribute that allows fluid to enter, but not exit, the lymphatic capillary is the...
a. minivalves
b. simple squamous epithelium
c. closed end
d. fenestrations
e. all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
29. Which of the following sequences places the lymphatic pathway in its correct order?
a. lymphatic capillary-lymphatic trunk-lymphatic collecting vessel-lymphatic trunk
b. lymphatic trunk-lymphatic capillary-lymphatic collecting vessel-lymphatic trunk
c.lymphatic capillary-lymphatic duct-lymphatic collecting vessel-lymphatic trunk
d. lymphatic capillary-lymphatic collecting vessel-lymphatic trunk-lymphatic duct |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
30. The tonsils are positioned best to trap microorganisms that may enter the body via the...
a. respiratory tract
b. urinary tract
c. digestive tract
d. all of the above
e both a and c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
31. Large clusters of lymph nodes occur in all of the following locations except the
a. inguinal region
b. cervical region
c. axillary region
d. carpal region |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
32. Lymph fluid being returned from the right arm will be returned to the venous system via the...
a. right lymphatic duct
b. intestinal trunk
c. thoracic duct
d. jugular trunk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
33. Lymph leaves a lymph node via ________.
a. efferent lymphatic vessels
b. afferent lymphatic vessels
c. the lymphatic trunks
d. the lymphatic capillaries |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
34. Thy lymphatic collecting vessels have thin walls and possess valves. In this way they are most similar in structure to...
a. arteries
b. the heart
c. capillaries
d. veins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
35. Lymph nodes have which of the following roles?
a. They remove debris and pathogens from the blood.
b. They remove damaged red blood cells from circulation
c. They house immune cells
d. They filer lymph before it is returned to the blood supply.
e. Both c and d |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
36. Which of the following is not an example of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue (MALT)?
a. Peyer's patches
b. appendix
c. tonsils
d. spleen |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
37. The small intestine contains masses of lymph follicles called ________.
a. islets of Langerhans
b. Peyer's patches
c. rugae
d. lymph nodes |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
38. Which of the following statements best describes the thymus?
a. It is a structure of the central nervous system.
b. it is absent in infants.
c. it guides/ regulates the development of T lymphocytes
d. It removes damaged erythrocytes from the bloodstream. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
39. The thoracic duct returns lymph fluid to the bloodstream at the...
a. aorta
b. right ventricle
c. right jugular vein
d. left subclavian vein
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
40. The respiratory pump refers to a transient pressure gradient that occurs during a respiratory cycle. This respiratory pump aids...
a. The return of lymph fluid to the bloodstream
b. the propelling of blood during ventricular diastole
c. capillary exchange
d. diapedisis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
41. The digestive tract is directly protected against colonization by pathogens through all of the following factors except...
a. acids in the stomach
b. peyer's patches
c. lymph nodes
d. lymphatic tissue in the appendix
e. M.A.L.T. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
42. Leukocytes that are capable of phagocytosis include all of the following except...
a. eosinophils
b. basophils
c. lymphocytes
d. eosinophils
e. both b and c |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
43. Skin serves a role in the immune system as a mechanical barrier. Important aspects to its protective function include all of the following EXCEPT for...
a. dermicidin present in sweat
b. fatty acids present in sebum
c. the secretion of mucus.
d. several layers of dead cells
e. salts present in sweat. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
44. Which of the following statements concerning natural killer (NK) cells in FALSE?
a. They are a type of leukocyte
b. They are a type of lymphocyte
c. They recognize and attack cancer cells.
d. They are a component of the adaptive immune system. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
45. Fever
a. surface barrier
b. internal defenses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
46. Mucous membrane
a. surface barrier
b. internal defenses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
47. NK cell
a. surface barrier
b. internal defenses |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
48. Which of the following is not directly a beneficial effect of fever?
a. liver sequesters iron and zinc.
b. lysis of pathogens
c. immune cells are circulated faster
d. immune cells are created faster |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
50. Opsonins are chemicals that facilitate phagocytosis by helping the phagocyte...
a. adhere to the pathogen
b. locate the pathogen in the body.
c. digest the pathogen
d. both a and c
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
