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| State characterized by government control over assential economic, social, political, cultural, and intellectual life. Subordination of individual to state insistence that masses be involved in regime's goals. Best exemplified by Stalin's Russia and Hitlers Germany. Used propaganda to to conquer subjects. Led by a single leader party. Rose in 1930's |
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Early 1920's Mussolini bestowed Itlaly in first fascist movement. Exalts nation above the individual and calls for a centralized governement with a dictatorial leader, economic and social regimentation and forcible suppression of opposition. |
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| Began his political career as a socialist, established Leasgue of combat (fascist group) in 1919, and established institutional Fascist dictatorship in 1926. Iron duce. Never achieved degree of totalitarian control as Hitler or Stalin. |
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Austrian, led Natzi Party. Munich politician from 1919-1923. Made Chancellor in 1933. Became sole ruler of Germany in 1934. Appeals to national pride, honor and traditional militarism. |
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| Living space. Extreamely German nationalism, anti Semitism and anticommunism are linked together by Darwin theory of struggle that stresses the right of superior nations to Lebensraum through expansion and he right of superior individuals to secure authoritarian leadership over the masses. (Ideals in Mien Kampf) |
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| Nationalist Socialist German Workers Party |
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German Nazi party with radical nationalist views. |
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| German Nazi radical ideal, dominated Europe for years |
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| Hostilit/discrimination against the Jews |
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November 9-10 1938 Night of Shattered Glass. Violent phase of anti jewish activity. Led drastic steps of violent Jewish activity |
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| Joseph Stalin and Collectivism |
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1934 Large farms in the Soviet Union by Stalinby combining many small holding into one large farm worked by the peasants under government supervision. Goal was to eliminate private farms. 26 million family farms turned into 250,000 collective farms |
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1936-1938 Under took a purge of army officers, diplomats, union officials, party members, intellectuals and ordinary citizens. |
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| Germany, Italy, and Japan |
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| Area in the Northwes Czechoslovakia that was inhabited largely by ethnic Germans. In 1915, Hitler demanded this region to Germany and expressed willingness to risk "world war" to achieve his objective. German troops were allowed to occupy the Sudetenland as the Czechs stool helplessly. |
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| Japanese "need for Immigration and expansion" |
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| Japan consolidated their hold on Manchuria, began to expand into N. CHina. By 1939, Japan had conquered most of E. Asia |
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Japan seized Manchuria in 1931 Renamed it Machukuo and placed it under the former Chinese emperor, Pu Yi |
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| Greater East Asia CO-Prosperity Sphere |
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| Created by Japan, consisted of entire region under Japanese tutelage and announced its intention to liberate the colonies of SE Asia from western rule. |
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| German Russion invasion of Poland |
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| German attack on Poland, airplanes broke through Polish lines and encircled Polish troops. Poland surrendered within 4 weeks and on Sept. 28 1939, Germany and Soviet Union officially divided Poland between them. |
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| May 10, Attacked france. Unexpected by French forces. Broke through weak French divisions and raced across N. France, splitting allied armies and trapping French trooops and entire British army on the beaches of Dunkirk. Germans occupoied 3/5 of france. Germany was now in control of Western and Central Europe |
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| Geman air force launched major offensive against british air and naval forces. Brits fought back, rebuilt air strength and Germans lost battle. Invasion of Great Britian was postponed. |
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| Prime minister who believed destroying German communities would break civilian morale and bring victory. One of the leader of te Big Three of the Grand Alliance. |
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December 7, 1941 Japanese carrier surprise attack on Pearl Harbor in Hawaiin islands |
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U.S. President during WWII. Threatened to "quarentine" the aggressions after the Japanese military units bombed American Naval ship in China |
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June 4, 1942 American carrier planes destroyed all 4 attacking Japanese aircraft carriers and established American naval superiority in the Pacific |
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| Important turning point of WWII. Bloodiest battle in history. German siege on Stalingrad, Soviets counterattacked and captured German army. Germans surrendered Feb 2, 1943. Over 2 million casualties. Fall of Axis powers |
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| Annhilation of the Jewish people, Reinhard Heydrich, head of SS Security Service was given administrative responsibility |
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| Deliberate attempts to etxterminate Jews of Europe through emigrating Jews from Germany, concentrated Jews in ghettos in Polish cities, rounded up Jews in villages and buried them in mass graves. One million were killed during the executionin the graves, but was perceived as "inadequite". Nazis built death campsand were in operation by springof 1942. Germans killed between 5-6 million Jews, 3 million in death camps |
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| American general, commanded "island hopping" into China from Burma thorugh the Dutch East Indies. Furthered Allied offensive operations to Japanese held islands |
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| General Dwight D. Eisenhower |
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1944 American General, who landed five assault divisions on the beaches of Normandy. Histories greatest naval invasion. Broke through German defensive lines |
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June 6, 1944 Histories greates naval invasion led b Eisenhower. Allied forces established beachhead. Within three months landed 2 million men and 1/2 million vehicles that pushed inland and broke through German defensive lines. |
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| Succeeded Roosevelt after death. Used atomic bomb to bring war to an end. Called on Japan to surrender. |
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August 6, 1945 Dropped in Hiroshima Second bomb was dropped on Nagasaki. Japan surrendered on august 14. |
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| Stalin, Roosevelt, and Churchill met at the capitol of Iran November 1943 to decide future course of War. |
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