Term
Recall our discussions in class: What is memorialization, what do we
memorialize, why and how? |
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Definition
What is memorialization?
past (tribulte to the past)
Tangible way of remembering
- What do we memorialize?
o Heroes/ People
o Events (primarily those of violence or possibly tragedy)
o Heritage
o Ideology
o Both positive (presidents, town founders, liberty, freedom justice are pretty easy to do) and negative (a lot more difficult to do requires money from public so you need some sort of collective agreement but if it is a negative event then its harder to put a lot of money into putting something that will constantly remind you of a struggle. Takes collective memory).
• Tricky to memorialize negative things, a constant reminder of a struggle for a future generation
• It takes collective memory to memorialize the bad things
- How do we memorialize?
o Statues
o Place names (streets, buildings etc)
o Historic landscape preservation
o Art
o Plaques/ Markers
o Cemeteries/ Monuments
o Reenactments/ Living History (temporary landscape)
o Flag (ex. Georgia flag); can be contested
o Regions/ Districts
o Parks/ Public lands
- Why do we memorialize?
o Identity- things we want everyone to know about us. Most important part of memorialization. Uga would be an example of identity.
• We put up things that we want others to know about us
• Most important part of memorialization
• Makes it easier to memorialize the negative because it emphasizes that that negative event was a PAST event An example is the Confederacy; even today we still believe that the Civil War should be memorialized because the good traits such as the fight for a particular right are carried over time
o Preservation
o To show progress
o Revenue- you get tourism
o Visual representation/ reify to make real
o Education
• When do we memorialize?
o Immediately afterwards
o Long time after the event
• Where do we memorialize?
o Places of prominence or high visibility
• Parks
• Churches
• Town squares
• Government buildings
• Downtown
o Cemeteries
o Location of events
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Term
What are the four categories of memorialization that Kenneth Foote
discusses? What are some example of American monuments in each
category? How do these categories relate the identity of a community with
events of violence and tragedy? |
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Definition
o 4 different types of memorialization
1. Sanctification
Activity of unveiling or commemoration. The sanctified places are currently the location of ceremonies of commemorations, for example annual commemorations, and they are constant reminders of sanctified ideas that the memorial stands for.
2. Designation
Memorials that are not unveiled or held with a huge ceremony like sanctified memorials. Simple, a dedicated memorial but without the big show.
3. Rectification
Rebuilt and reused. For example, old buildings.
4. Obliteration
Ignoring the event, landscapes are wiped clean of that memory.
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Term
· How do these other attributes play a role in deciphering the memorialized
landscape: location, timing, text, utility/symbolism, and funding source? |
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Definition
• Things to consider when memorializing
o Status of the landscape to the community
o Symbol and utility of the landscape
• Art, story board, or name of a school
• Memorialization adds to territorial bonding
• May be more symbolic than utilitarian, where the purpose is only readily recognized by the community
• Utility is where it can easily teach visitors the history of the memorialized event
o Timing of memorialization
• Around WWI is when memorialization boomed (due to “Americana” and identity as a whole United States)
• Patriotism
• Other events like wide scale movements and money for materials also delay memorialization
o Placement or location within the community
o Funding sources
• May dictate the memorial either in a large or in a subtle way
• Maybe makes a bad event good, by spinning the topic (dependent on the group funding the memorial)
• If state or federally funded, usually politically correct
o Text of the monument ties into funding sources
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Term
Remember: labor is required in the production of all things and landscapes.
The beautiful farm fields of production and fertility come from the work of
people. Their conditions at work and at home are just as important as the
products themselves. How i |
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Definition
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Term
What is the industrial history of Johnstown, PA? How does this compare to its
economic present? How has labor been represented throughout this history
both in the past through the locations of the workers’ homes (destroyed in the
1889 Flood) and the me |
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Definition
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Term
· How were labor unions represented in this same memorialization of the
Johnstown’s industrial history? |
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Definition
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Term
What are company towns? Where are they typically located and what are
their general attributes? How do labor camps differ? |
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Definition
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Term
How are government-run company towns differ from privately-owned ones?
What are some examples of these places? |
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Definition
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Term
How has the slave-labor based economy of plantation agriculture shaped the
historical South? Why did Southern Blacks leave the South in such great
numbers in the early 1900s? What is share-cropping and how was it similar
to, and different from, slavery |
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Definition
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Term
| Match early American cities with the colonial powers that established them. |
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Definition
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Term
What two categories of Sites are there and what are the specific sites we
discussed? What is the advantage of each and what are some real world
“textbook” examples of them (e.g. Pittsburg is Confluence site)? |
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Definition
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Term
What is Central Place Theory and what does it seek to do? What are the
assumptions of the central place? |
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Definition
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Term
Central Places have played two different roles: Centrality and Agglomeration.
What is the importance of these roles? What are the different linkages that
force industries to agglomerate in a CBD? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the 5 Sectors of Industry? The Post-Industrial Shift experienced by
the US and Western Europe (among others, such as Japan) was a change in
focus from and to which sectors? What was the effect of this shift on
American Urban development in the |
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Definition
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Term
Why are college towns unique to the United States? What early politics and
cultural ideologies of the 1800s influenced the establishment of these special
communities? |
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Definition
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Term
How are college towns defined and how do cities such as LA, Dallas, New
York, and even others such as Austin, TX, Madison, WI, and Columbus, OH,
not fit in this definition (you need to able to locate these towns also)? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the general demographic characteristics of college towns? |
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Definition
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Term
How do these communities vary based on the type of educational institution
(Flagship, Regional, Private, Land Grant)? |
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Definition
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Term
· How did the Post-WWII economy and GI Bill impact college town
landscapes? |
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Definition
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Term
· What are the many unique landscapes found in college towns and how/why
do they develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| What “other” characteristics are found in college towns? |
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Definition
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Term
What issues of contestation have developed in these communities based on
these landscapes and characteristics? |
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Definition
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Term
| · What opportunities and desires have moved people out of the central cities? |
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Definition
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Term
How did people get assistance from local, state, and federal governments for
moving outside the city centers? |
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Definition
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Term
How did community and public transportation improve in such a way that
enabled suburban movement? |
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Definition
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Term
Why were businesses interested in moving out of the CBD? How did modern
transportation play a role in this? |
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Definition
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Term
What are three models created to simplify and categorize our movements
outward from the CBD? What are the main conclusions/assumptions of
each? |
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Definition
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Term
· What is gentrification? What does it attempt to improve? What are some
potential criticisms of this movement back into the city? |
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Definition
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Term
· What are edge cities? How does Garreau define them? What are some
examples and where are they generally located in reference to the city
center? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are exurbs and the potential problems with these communities? |
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Definition
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Term
· Be able to answer the questions from the review sheet handed out with the
movie. It is available on WebCT. |
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Definition
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Term
| · In what ways is music inherently geographic? What is place-specific music? |
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Definition
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Term
What are three general themes that emanate from Bruce Springsteen’s 70s
and 80s recordings? |
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Definition
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Term
Within this time frame of Springsteen artistry, what are the four eras of growth
and more-specific social landscape themes? |
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Definition
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Term
· What factors led to the evolution of Chicago blues? How did the sound of
Chicago Blues change and evolve itself over time? What areas of Chicago
could one find most African Americans and their music? How did recording
companies and clubs play a role |
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Definition
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Term
| In what ways are sports geographic? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the sports regions in America and what are the primary
characteristics of each? |
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Definition
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Term
| How is place identity expressed through sports on the landscape? |
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Definition
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Term
What is stadium culture? What are the factors in constructing the landscapes
of campus tailgating and picnicking? Ho w do the scenes at the various
campuses discussed illustrate these factors? What are some common
characteristics of these landscapes? |
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Definition
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Term
How can environment, proximal location, ethnicity, class, and religion affect
the regionalization of food? |
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Definition
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Term
What are the basic stereotypes of Southern Cuisine? How close is this to
your own experience with southern food? How have Africans Americans
historically impacted the Southern food region? |
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Definition
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Term
How does BBQ differ over the country in places like the Carolinas, Memphis,
Texas, and Kansas City? |
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Definition
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Term
How do food product labels reflect our perceptions of places and associations
of where foods come from? Are these advertising schemes always
representing the authentic origin of the food presented? For what reasons
may a particular food be connected wi |
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Definition
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