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Final Exam
Vocab for the Final
82
Communication
Undergraduate 3
12/03/2010

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Acculturation
Definition
Occurs when a person learns, adapts to, and adopts the appropriate behaviors and rules of a host culture.
Term
Co-culture
Definition
A culture within a culture
Term
Collectivism
Definition
A cultural mindset that emphasizes the group norms, values and beliefs over the self.
Term
Community
Definition
The common understandings among people who are committed coexisting.
Term
Context Orientation Theory
Definition
The theory that meaning is derived from either the setting of the message or the words of a message and that cultures can vary to the extent which message meaning is made explicit or implicit.
Term
Cultural Empathy
Definition
The learned ability to accurately understand the experiences of people from diverse cultures and to convey that understanding responsibly.
Term
Cultural Imperialism
Definition
The process whereby individuals, companies and/or the media impose their way of thinking and behaving upon another culture.
Term
Cultural Relativity
Definition
The ability to avoid judging or condemning any practice in which any other culture engages.
Term
Cultural Variability Theory
Definition
A theory that describes the four value dimensions (individualism/collectivism, uncertainty avoidance, power distance, masculinity/femininity) that offer information regarding the value differences in a particular culture
Term
Culture
Definition
The shared, personal, and learned life experiences of a group of individuals who have a common set of norms, values and traditions.
Term
Cultural Clash
Definition
A conflict over cultural expectations and experiences.
Term
Enculturation
Definition
Occurs when a person either consciously or unconsciously learns to identify with a particular culture and a cultures thinking, way of relating and world view.
Term
Ethnocentrism
Definition
The process of judging another culture using the standards of our own culture.
Term
Feminine Cultures
Definition
A culture that emphasizes the characteristics stereotypically associated with feminine people, such as sexual equality, nurturance, quality of life, supportiveness, affection and a compassion for the less fortunate.
Term
Global village
Definition
The concept that all societies, regardless of their size, are connected in some way. The term also can be used to describe how communication technology ties the world into one political, economical, social and cultural system.
Term
High-context Culture
Definition
A culture in which there is a high degree of similarities among members and in which the meaning of a message is drawn primarily from its context, such as one's surroundings, rather than from words.
Term
In-groups
Definition
A group to which a person feels he or she belongs.
Term
Individualism
Definition
A cultural mindset that emphasizes self-concept and personal achievement and that prefers competition over cooperation, the individual over the group and the private over the public.
Term
Intercultural Communication
Definition
Communication between and among individuals and groups from different cultural backgrounds.
Term
Low-context Cultures
Definition
A culture in which there is a high degree difference among members and in which the meaning of a message must be explicitly related, usually in words
Term
Masculine Cultures
Definition
A culture that emphasizes characteristics stereotypically associated with masculine people, such as achievement, competitiveness, strength and material success.
Term
Out-groups
Definition
A group to which a person feels he or she does not belong
Term
Out-sourcing
Definition
A practice in which a nation sends work and workers to a different country because doing so is cost efficient.
Term
Power Distance
Definition
How a cultures perceives and distributes power.
Term
Uncertainty Avoidance
Definition
A cultural mindset that indicates how tolerant (or intolerant) a culture is of uncertainty or change
Term
Bullying
Definition
A particular form of conflict in which the abuse is consistent and the person being bullied finds it very difficult to defend himself or herself
Term
Computing
Definition
Disqualifying the emotional aspects of a conflict (the context) and focusing on the rational aspects
Term
Conflict Interaction
Definition
The point in the conflict process when the differences between individuals become a problem and one or both people begin to address the issue
Term
Content Conflicts
Definition
A conflict that revolves around an issue. Aslo called the substantive conflict.
Term
Direct and Virtual Use of Power
Definition
Communication of the potential use of a direct application of power.
Term
Direct Application of Power
Definition
In a conflict situation, the use of any resource at our disposal to compel another to comply regardless of that person's desires
Term
Distal Context
Definition
The background that frames a specific conflict
Term
Distal Outcomes
Definition
The residue of having engaged in conflicts and the feelings that both participants have about their interactions
Term
Distracting
Definition
Disqualifying the subject of a conflict by distracting both people in the conflict with behaviors such as laughing, crying or changing the subject
Term
Empowerment
Definition
Helping to actualize our own or another person's power.
Term
Hidden Power
Definition
A type of power in which a person in a relationship suppresses or avoids decisions in the interest of one of the parties. Also called unobtrusive party
Term
Image Conflicts
Definition
A conflict with another about one's sense of oneself.
Term
Indirect Application of Power
Definition
Employing power without making its employment explicit
Term
Interaction
Definition
A necessary condition for conflict, given that conflicts are created and sustained through verbal and nonverbal communication
Term
Interdependence
Definition
A necessary condition for conflict, given that people involved in conflict rely one each other, need each other and are in a relationship with each other
Term
Interpersonal Conflict
Definition
The interaction of interdependent people who perceive incompatible goals and interference from each other in achieving those goals.
Term
Meta-conflict
Definition
A conflict about the way a conflict is conducted
Term
Negative Interaction Ratio
Definition
An interpersonal encounter in which the participants say more negative things to each other than positive things.
Term
Personal Issue
Definition
An issue related to a relationship that can cause a content conflict.
Term
Placating
Definition
Being passive or ignoring our own needs in a conflict
Term
Positive Interaction Ratio
Definition
An interpersonal encounter in which the participants say more positive things to each other than negative.
Term
Pouncing
Definition
Responding in an aggressive manner without acknowledging the needs of another person in a conflict
Term
Power
Definition
In an interpersonal relationship, the ability to control the ability of another
Term
Proximal Context
Definition
The rules emotions and beliefs involved in a conflict
Term
Proximal Outcomes
Definition
THe immediate results after a conflict interation
Term
Public Issue
Definition
An issue outside of the relationship that can cause a content conflict
Term
Pursuit-withdrawal
Definition
In a conflict, a pattern of one party pressing for discussion about a conflictual topic while the other withdraws
Term
Relational Conflicts
Definition
A conflict that focuses on issues concerning the relationship between two people
Term
Relational Message
Definition
A message the defines a relationship and implicitly states that the sender has the power to define the relationship
Term
Serial Conflicts
Definition
Conflicts that recur overtime in people's everyday lives, without a resolution
Term
Symmetrical Escalation
Definition
In a conflict, each party choosing to increase the intensity of the conflict
Term
Symmetrical Negotiation
Definition
In a conflict, each party mirroring the other's negotiation behaviors
Term
Symmetrical Withdrawal
Definition
In a conflict, neither party being willing to confront the other
Term
Value Conflicts
Definition
A conflict in which the content is specifically about a question of right and wrong
Term
Withdrawal-pursuit
Definition
In a conflict, a pattern in which one party withdrawals, which causes the other party to pursue.
Term
Abbreviated Language
Definition
Shorthand used for efficient communication in online relationships
Term
Articon
Definition
A graphic image used in an electronic message that can be downloaded from a website or compiled of keyboard characters. An articon may or may not be used to show emotion
Term
Asynchronous Communication
Definition
Communication that doesn't require a sender and a receiver to have an exchange at the same time, as in online communication
Term
Avatar
Definition
A digital fictional and fantasy representation of a user in a virtual world
Term
Computer-mediated Communication
Definition
The use of various technologies to facilitate communication with others
Term
Convergence
Definition
The integration of various technologies, such as online radios or cell phones with cameras
Term
Electronic Trial Balloon
Definition
An online overture that briefly responds to a sender's message in order to clarify the senders intended message
Term
Flaming
Definition
An exchange of malicious, hostile or insulting comments over the internet
Term
Global Village
Definition
The concept that technology ties the world into one political, economic, social and cultural system
Term
Hate Speech
Definition
Extremely offensive language that is directed towards a particular group of people
Term
Hyper-dating
Definition
The highly accelerated development of an online relationship
Term
Identity Marker
Definition
An electronic extension that communicates a person's identity, such as a screen name or personal web page
Term
Mini-feed
Definition
Streaming bulletins that announce the activities of a Facebook user's friends
Term
Poke
Definition
On a social networking website, an electronic invitation to another person to communicate with you
Term
Postcyberdisclosure Panic
Definition
A situation in which we disclose personal information in an email, only to experience significant anxiety later because we begin to think about the number of people who could have access to that message
Term
Signaling Theory
Definition
A theory that proposes that people have qualities they wish to present to others
Term
Social Networking
Definition
Linking individuals and communities who share interests, activities and ideas through such online websites as Myspace and Facebook
Term
Synchronous Communication
Definition
Communication between a sender and receiver that takes place at the same time, as in face to face communication
Term
Technological Determinism
Definition
A theory that states that technology is irreversible, inevitable and inescapable.
Term
Web 1.0
Definition
The earliest incarnation of the World Wide Web, which was used primary as a storehouse for online information and tools that could be accessed to achieve an end, such as finding a website, emailing a friend or purchasing a product
Term
Web 2.0
Definition
The latest incarnation of the World Wide Web, which is increasingly used as a means of interactivity and personal expression; establishing online communities, sharing files and blogging exemplify Web 2.0
Term
Content Aggregation
Definition
The process of collecting online data from different and multiple sources to suit a particular need, such a populating a search engine or preparing digital slides for a presentation
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