Term
| What are the seven vital signs? |
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Definition
Pulse- Rate, rythym, quality
Respiratory rate- rate, rythym, quality
Blood Pressur- Capilary refil
Skin: Color, temperature, moisture
Temperature
MS/LOR
Pupils- round, equal, responsive to light
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Term
| What are the three elements of a scene size-up? |
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Definition
MOI
Number of Patients
Safety |
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Term
| What are the five elements of an initial assesment? |
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Definition
Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Enviornment |
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Term
| What are the three elements of a focuses history and physical exam? |
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Definition
Focused History
Physical Exam
Vital Signs |
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Term
| What is the purpose of an initial assesment? |
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Definition
| To find immediate life threatning injuries or illnesses |
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Term
What does APVU stand for?
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Definition
Awake
Pain responsive
Voice responsive
Unconcious
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Term
| What does SAMPLE stand for? |
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Definition
Signs/Symptoms
Allergies
Medications
Past history
Last intake/output
Events |
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Term
| What does OPQRST stand for? |
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Definition
Onset
Provokes
Quality
Palliates
Radiates/refers
Severity
Time |
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Term
| Define basic life support (BLS) |
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Definition
| The process of supporting the three major body systems: Respiratory, Circulatory, and Nervous system using CPR, bleeding control, and spine stabalization |
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Term
| What is the difference between Cardia Arrest and Heart Attack? |
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Definition
Cardiac arrest- heart stops beating completely
Heart attack- lack of perfusion the heart |
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Term
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Definition
| The exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the lungs |
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Term
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Definition
| The passage of blood to the capilaries |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of perfusion to a place in body due to an illness or injury |
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Term
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Definition
| Tissue death due to prolonged inschemia |
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Term
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Definition
| An autonomic response to replace the body's inability to perform a function. EX. during hypothermia body starts shivering |
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Term
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Definition
| Lack of compensation. EX. during severe hypothermia patient is unable to continue shivering because brain is no longer sending message to shake due to lack of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Accumilation of fluids due to injury or illness |
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Term
| Define Compartment Syndrome |
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Definition
| Swelling in a confined space due to illness or injury |
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Term
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Definition
Compensation mechanism seen in shock and cold response, which reduces blood flow to the body shell in order to perserve perfusion and warmth in vital organs.
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Term
| What is acute stress reaction |
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Definition
An autonomice reaction to stress. The symptoms are: pale, cool, and clamy which mimic shock and are reversible
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Term
| What is the basic requirement for life? |
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Definition
| Providing oxygenated blood to all body parts under all circumstances |
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Term
| What is the first rule of first aid? |
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Definition
| Don't become a victim yourself |
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Term
| What are two ways you can tell the difference between a normal cold response and mild hypothermia? |
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Definition
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Term
| 3 Ways you can the difference between mild and moderate/severe hypothermia? |
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Definition
Shivering will stop around (85 degrees) with moderate/severe hypothermia
moderate hypo you start to become unresponsive
Moderate hypo their body temp should be from 90-95 degrees. Severe hypo is below 90 degrees |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of heat production? |
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Definition
resting metabolism
exercise
shivering |
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Term
| What are the mechanisms of heat loss |
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Definition
Conduction
Convection
Radiation
Evaporation
Expiration |
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Term
In what weather conditions does hypothermia most often occur
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Definition
Wet
Windy
Below 40 degrees |
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Term
| 5 examples of mild to moderate mental status changes that might indicat that someone has moderate hypo? |
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Definition
Letharfy
Personality changes
Blindly following orders
Cranky
Withdrawl |
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Term
| List four different signs of mild hypothermia besides MS changes? |
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Definition
Ataxia/uncoordinated
Increased shivering
Cyanosis
Temp. between 90-95 degrees |
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Term
3 ways you can tell someone is dehydrated before you start feeling thirst or exhausted?
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Definition
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Term
What are the components of the Upper Airway?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major components of the Lower Airway? |
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Definition
Aveoli
Bronchioles
Bronchi |
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Term
| What is the function of the Chest wall/Diaphram? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the last of the 5 major components of the respiratory system? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the requirements for normal function for each of the 5 major components? |
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Definition
Open Upper Airway
Open Lower Airway
Functioning "bellows" Mechanism
Aveoli- exposed to air, increased surface area
Nervous system drive |
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Term
What is the generic treatment for respiratory distress?
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Definition
P-Position
R-reassurance
O-Oxygen
V-Ventilation |
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Term
| What is the wheezing hallmark of what respiratory system problem? |
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Definition
| Lower Airway constriction |
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Term
| Six way pulmonary fluid can accumilate in the lungs? |
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Definition
HAPE
Lacerations
Contusions
Altitude
Trauma
Toxins |
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Term
How do you position the patient with a flail chest?
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Definition
| On the injure side on a smooth surface |
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Term
| Symptoms of Pulmonary Edema? |
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Definition
Frothing at the mouth
Wheezing sound
Coughing up blood
Sever headache
Pale and cool skin |
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Term
| What is the specific treatmen for HAPE? |
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Definition
| Evacuate to lower ground immediatley |
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Term
| What is the assesment for respiratory distress? |
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Definition
Able to say short sentences
A on APVU scale |
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Term
| What is the assesment for Respiratory failure? |
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Definition
Able to say 1 or 2 words
A,v,p on APVU scale |
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Term
| What is the assesment for respiratory arrest? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the condition when blood pools in the chest cavity causing lung to collapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the condition when air fills the chest cavity causing lung to collapse? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the condition when there is swelling in the lung tissue following a blunt injury leading to an accumilation of fluid? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Temporary loss of conciousness or brain disfunction due to a blow to the head |
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Term
| What are the causes of ICP? |
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Definition
Head Trauma
HACE
Brain Tumor
Stroke |
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Term
| What is the assesment of ICP |
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Definition
MOI
Unequal pupils
seizure
Severe headache
Abnormal MS/LOR
Vomitting |
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Term
| What is the field treatment of ICP |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the cause of a concussion> |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the assesment of a concussion? |
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Definition
Vomitting
Disoriented
Severe Headache
Dizzy
Sleepy |
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Term
What is the field treatment for a concussion?
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Definition
| Monitor for increased ICP |
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Term
| What is the cause of Spinal Cord Trauma? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the assesment of spinal cord trauma? |
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Definition
Deformity
Pain/tenderness in spine
Decreased CSM
MOI |
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Term
| What is the difference between hemothorax and hematoma? |
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Definition
Hemo- accumilation of blood in lungs
Hema-accumilation of blood in brain |
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Term
What is the treatment for Spinal Cord Trauma?
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Definition
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Term
| What are the three major components of circulatory system and what is their function? |
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Definition
Heart- pumps blood throughout body
Blood vessels- pumps blood to and from heart
Blood- contains fluids/enzymes |
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Term
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Definition
| Physiologic condition caused by acute loss of perfusion pressure in the circulatory system? |
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Term
| What is the generic temporary treatment for shock? |
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Definition
Stop bleeding, stabalize fractures
Maintain ABC, CPR if needed
Maintain Temperature
Elevate legs 8-10 inches off ground
Consider fluids if surgery in next 6 hours
Oxygen if needed |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of shock? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are 2 ways to differentiate between Shock and ASR? |
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Definition
ASR is temporary and reversible
Shock has an MOI |
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Term
What are the symptoms of decompensatory shock?
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Definition
Cool clamy skin
rapip strong pulse
rapid weak pulse
drowsy
Nausea thirst vomitting
Decreased urine output |
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Term
| 4 sypmtoms of decompensatory shock? |
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Definition
Altered level of conciousness
rapid weak pulse
rapid shallow respirations
low blood pressure |
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