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Scocial Studies 9
Final Foundations of Civilization Vocabulary
66
History
9th Grade
05/25/2012

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Term
Act Of Supremacy
Definition
 is an act of the parliament of england, passed under the auspices of Queen Elizabeth I of England.
Term
Bible
Definition
Greek Or Roman prediction on what is true.
Term
Protestant
Definition

a member of christian church

founded on the principles.

Term
Anglican
Definition
relating  to the church of England.
Term
Indulgence
Definition

a pardon releasing a person

from punishment due for a sin. 

Term
Renaissance
Definition

(ReBirth)

1300-1600

Term
Annul
Definition
to cancel or set aside.
Term
Perspective
Definition
an artistic technique that creates the appearence of three dimensions on a flat serface.
Term
Circumnavigate
Definition
when you sail around the world.
Term
Encomienda
Definition
a grant of land made by spain to a settler in the americans, including the right to use native american as laborers on it.
Term
Columbian Exchange 
Definition
the global transfer of food,plants, and animals during th colonizations of the americans .
Term
Mercantilism
Definition
a placing of high value on acquiring material possession.
Term
Conquistador
Definition
the spanish soldiers,explores ,and fortune hunters who took part in the conquest of the americans in the 16th century.
Term
Mistizo
Definition
a person of mixed spanish and native american ancestory.
Term
Absolute Monarchy
Definition
a king or a queen who has unlimited  power and seeks to control all aspects of society.
Term
Glorious Revolution
Definition
the bloodless overthrow of the english King James II and his replacement by William and Mary.
Term
Constitutional Monarchy
Definition
a system of governing in which the rulers power is limited by law.
Term
Thirty Years War
Definition

War That Lasted 30 Year

(1618-1648)

european conflict over religion and territory an for power among ruling  families.

Term
Divine Right
Definition
the idea that monarchs representatives on earth and are therefore answerable only to god.
Term
Versailles
Definition

(pallace).

 

Term
Enlightenment
Definition
18th century europeans movement in which thinkers attempted to apply the principles of reason and the scientific method to all aspects of society.
Term
Salon
Definition
a social gathering of intellectus and artistic like those held in the name of welthy woman in pairs and other europeans cities durind the enlightenment.
Term
Geocentric Theory
Definition
in the middle ages, the earth centered view of the universe in which scholars believed that the earth was an immovable object located at the center of the universe.
Term
Scientific Method
Definition
a logical procedure for gathering information about the natural world in which exsperimentation and observation are used to test hypotheses.
Term
Heliocentric Theory
Definition
the idea that the earth and the other planets revolve around around the sun.
Term
Social Contract
Definition
is an intellectual construct that typically addresses two questions, first, that of the origin of society, and second, the question of the legitimacy of the authority of the state over the individual.
Term
Coup d'etat
Definition
a sudden seizure of political power in a nation.
Term
Scorched Earth Policy
Definition
is a military policy operational method which involves destroying anything that might be useful to the enemy while advancing through or withdrawing from an area.
Term
Estate
Definition
is the net worth of a person at any point in time.
Term
Tennis Court Oath
Definition
a pledge made by the menbers of france nationals assembly in 1789, in which they vowed to continue metting until they had drawn up a new constitution.
Term
Guillotine
Definition

(used for beheading)

a machine for beheading people, used as a means of execution during the french revolution.

Term
Conservative
Definition
in the first half of the 19th centuary, a european mainly wealthy landowners and nobles who wanted to preserve thetraditional monarchies.
Term
Romanticism
Definition
an early 19th century movement in art movement in art though, which focus on emotion and nature rather reason and society.
Term
Impressionism
Definition
a movement in the 19th century painting in which artist reacted against realism by seeking to convey their impressionism of subject or a move ment in time.
Term
Russification
Definition
the process of forcing russians culture on all ethnic groups in the russian empire.
Term
Realism
Definition
19th century artistic movement in which writers and painters sought to show life as it is rather life as it should be.
Term
Capitalism
Definition
an economic ststenm based on private ownership and on the investment of money in business eventures in order to make a profit.
Term
Laissez Faire
Definition
the idea that government should not interfere with or regulate industries and business.
Term
Enclosure (Movement)
Definition
one of the fence in or hedged in fields created by wealthy british land owners on land that was formerly worked by village farmers.
Term
Urbanization
Definition
the groth of citieds and the migration of people into them.
Term
The Industrial Revolution
Definition
the shift, beggining in england during the 18th century, from making goods by hand to make then by machine.
Term
Anti-Semitism
Definition
prejudice against jews.
Term
Nationalism
Definition
devotion and loyalty to ones own nation;patriotism.
Term
Social Darwinism
Definition
the application of darwin's ideas about evolution and "survival of the fittest" to human societies - particularly as justification for imperialist expansion.
Term
Dreyfus Affair
Definition
controversy in france in the 1890s,centering on the trial and imprisonment of a jewish army officer, captain alfred dreyfus, who had been falsely accused of selling military secrets to germany.
Term
Psychology
Definition
the study of the human mind and the human behavior.
Term
Sociology
Definition
the science or study of the origin.
Term
Imperialism
Definition
policy in which a strong nation seeks to dominate other countries politically,economically,or socially. 
Term
Racism
Definition
the belief that one race is superior to others.
Term
League Of Nations
Definition
an international association formed after WWI with the goal of keeping peace among the nation.
Term
Propaganda
Definition
information or materials spread to advance a cause or to damage an apponent cause.
Term
Total War
Definition
a conflict in which the participating countries devote all their resourses to the war effort.
Term
Lusitania
Definition

(the boat that was sunk)

ocean linear sunk by german u-boat.

Term
Zimmerman Note
Definition
prove to be the last straw.
Term
Militarism
Definition
a policy of glorifying military power and keeping a standing army always prepared for war.
Term
Trench Warfare
Definition

(warfare using trenches)

a form of warfare in which apposing armies fight each other, form trenches dug in the battlefield.

 

Term
Appeasement
Definition
the making of concessions to an aggresor in order to aoid war.
Term
Totalitarianism
Definition
government control over every aspect of public and private life.
Term
Fascism
Definition
a political movement that promotes an extreme form of nationlism, a denial od individual rights,and a docetatorial one rule party.
Term
Isolationism
Definition
the belief that political ties to other countries should be avoided by the nazi's.
Term
Blitzkrieg
Definition

(lighting war)

a form of warfare in which surprise attack with fast moving airplains are followed by massive attack with infantry forces.

Term
Holocaust
Definition
a mass slaughter of jews and other civillians carred out by the nazi movement of germany before and during WWI.
Term
D-Day
Definition
June 6, 1944 the day on which the allies began the invasion of the european mainland during WWII.
Term
Kristallnacht
Definition
japanese sueside pilots.
Term
Genocide
Definition
the systematic killing of an entire people.
Term
Pearl Harbor
Definition
hawaii awoke to the roar of explosives.
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