Term
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Definition
| substance with a PH less than 7.0 |
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Term
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Definition
| any structural or behavioral change that helps an organism survive in its particular environment |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of permeable rock that allow water to flow through |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth's air, which is made up of a thin layer of gases, solids, and liquids; forms a protective layer around the planet and is divided into five distinct layers |
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Term
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Definition
| tiny building block of matter, made up of protons, neutrons, and electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| the number of protons in an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| a substance with a pH above 7 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| states that 13.7 billion years ago, the universe began with a huge fiery explosion |
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Term
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Definition
| winter storm that lasts at least three hours with temperatures of -12 degrees C or below, poor visibility, and winds of at least 50 km/h. |
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Term
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Definition
| large, circular shaped opening formed when the top of a volcano collapses |
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Term
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Definition
| era of recent life that began about 66 million years ago and continues today; includes the first appearance of Homo Sapiens about 400,000 years ago. |
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Term
| chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) |
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Definition
| group of chemical compounds used in refrigerators, air conditioners, foam packaging, and aerosol sprays that may enter the atmosphere and destroy ozone. |
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Term
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Definition
| average weather pattern in an area over a long period of time; can be classified by temperature, precipitation, and vegetation |
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Term
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Definition
| sedimentary rock formed from decayed plant material; the world's most abundant fossil fuel |
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Term
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Definition
| space object made from dust and rock particles mixed with frozen water, methane, and ammonia that forms a bright coma as it approaches the Sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| volcano built by alternating explosive and quiet eruptions that produce layers of tephra and lava; found mostly where Earth's plates come together and one plate sinks below the other. |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which water vapor changes to a liquid |
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Term
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Definition
| careful use of resources to reduce damage to the environment through such methods as composting and recycling materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| variable that does not change in an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| Wegener's hypothesis that all continents were once connected in a single large landmass that broke apart about 200 million years ago and drifted slowly to their current positions. |
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Term
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Definition
| standard for comparison in an experiment. |
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Term
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Definition
| transfer of heat by flow of material |
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Term
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Definition
| causes moving air and water to turn left in the southern hemisphere and turn right in the northern hemisphere due to Earth's rotation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| solid in which the atoms are arranged in an orderly, repeating pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| chlorophyll containing, photosynthetic bacteria thought to be one of Earth's earliest life forms. |
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Term
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Definition
| destruction and cutting down of forests- often to clear land for mining, roads, and grazing of cattle-resulting in increased carbon dioxide levels. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| factor being measured in an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| vibrations produced when rocks break along a fault. |
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Term
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Definition
| study of Earth and space, including rocks, fossils, climate, volcanoes, land use, ocean water, earthquakes, and objects in space. |
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Term
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Definition
| particle with a negative charge |
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Term
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Definition
| substance that is made of only one type of atom |
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Term
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Definition
| climatic event that begins in the tropical Pacific Ocean, may begin when trade winds weaken or reverse, and can disrupt normal temperatures and precipitation patterns around the world. |
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Term
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Definition
| longest subdivision in the geologic time scale that is based upon the abundance of certain types of fossils and is subdivided into eras, periods, and epochs. |
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Term
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Definition
| point on Earth's surface directly above an earthquake's focus. |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers. |
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Term
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Definition
| study of moral values about what is good and bad |
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Term
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Definition
| surface along which rocks move when they pass their elastic limit and break |
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Term
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Definition
| in an earthquake, the point below Earth's surface where energy is released in the form of seismic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| a stratus cloud that forms when air is cooled to its dew point near the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| remains, imprints, or traces of prehistoric organisms that can tell when and where organisms once lived and how they lived. |
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Term
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Definition
| boundary between two air masses with different temperatures, density, and moisture; can be cold, warm, occluded, and stationary. |
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Term
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Definition
| beautiful, rare, highly prized mineral that can be worn in jewelry. |
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Term
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Definition
| beautiful, rare, highly prized mineral that can be worn in jewelry. |
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Term
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Definition
| increase in the average global temperature of Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| natural heating that occurs when certain gases in Earth's atmosphere, such as methane, carbon dioxide, and water vapor, trap heat. |
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Term
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Definition
| time it takes for half the atom of an isotope to decay |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture which is not mixed evenly and each component retains its own properties. |
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Term
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Definition
| a mixture which is evenly mixed throughout |
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Term
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Definition
| amount of water vapor held in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| large, severe storm that forms over tropical oceans, has winds of at least 120 km/h, and loses power when it reaches land |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical weathering process that occurs when water freezes in the cracks of rocks and expands, causing the rock to break apart |
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Term
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Definition
| rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens |
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Term
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Definition
| electrically charged atom whose charge results from an atom gaining or losing electrons |
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Term
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Definition
| atoms of the same element that have different number of neutrons |
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Term
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Definition
| narrow belt of strong winds that blows near the top of the troposphere |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of air from land to sea at night, created when cooler, denser air from the land forces up warmer air over the sea |
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Term
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Definition
| molten rock that flows from the volcanoes onto Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| describes the way a mineral reflects light from its surface, can be metallic or nonmetallic |
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Term
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Definition
| hot, melted rock material beneath Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| measure of energy released in an earthquake |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Term
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Definition
| anything that has mass and takes up space |
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Term
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Definition
| physical process that break rock apart without changing its chemical makeup; can be caused by ice wedging, animals, and plant roots. |
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Term
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Definition
| forms when heat, pressure, or fluids act on igneous, sedimentary, or other metamorphic rock to change its form or composition, or both. |
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Term
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Definition
| studies weather and uses information from Dopler radar, weather satellites, computers, and other instruments to make weather maps and provides forecasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| studies weather and uses information from Dopler radar, weather satellites, computers, and other instruments to make weather maps and provides forecasts. |
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Term
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Definition
| area where new ocean floor is formed when lava erupts through cracks in Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| naturally occurring inorganic solid that has a definite chemical composition and an orderly internal atomic structure. |
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Term
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Definition
| group of atoms connected by covalent bonds |
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Term
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Definition
| process by which organism that are suited to a particular environment are better able to survive and reproduce than organisms that are not. |
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Term
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Definition
| particle without an electrical charge |
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Term
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Definition
| curved path followed by a satellite as it revolves around an object |
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Term
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Definition
| curved path followed by a satellite as it revolves around an object |
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Term
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Definition
| deposit in which a mineral exists in large enough amounts to be mined at a profit |
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Term
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Definition
| chemical weathering process that occurs when some minerals are exposed to oxygen and water over time. |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of the stratosphere with a high concentration of ozone; absorbs most of the Sun's harmful ultraviolet radiation |
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Term
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Definition
| large ancient landmass that was composed of all the continents joined together |
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Term
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Definition
| describe soil and rock with connecting pores through which water can flow |
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Term
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Definition
| scale used to determine how acidic or basic something is |
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Term
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Definition
| climate zones that receive solar radiation at a low angle, extend from 66 degrees N and S latitude to the poles, and are never warm |
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Term
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Definition
| water falling from clouds-including rain,snow, sleet, and hail-whose form is determined by air temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| imaginary line that represents O degrees latitude and runs from the north pole through Greenwich, England, to the south pole |
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Term
| principle of superposition |
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Definition
| states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom, and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top |
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Term
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Definition
| particle that has a positive charge |
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Term
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Definition
| particle that has a positive charge |
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Term
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Definition
| energy transferred by waves or rays |
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Term
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Definition
| process in which some isotopes break down into other isotopes and particles |
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Term
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Definition
| the age of something compared with other things |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth's year long elliptical orbit around the Sun |
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Term
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Definition
| mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixture of one or more minerals, rock fragments, volcanic glass, organic matter, or other natural materials; can be igneous, metamorphic, or sedimentary |
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Term
|
Definition
| model that describes how rocks slowly change from one form to another through time |
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Term
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Definition
| spinning of Earth on its imaginary axis, which takes 24 hours to complete and causes day and night to occur |
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Term
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Definition
| process of looking at and studying things in the world in order to gain knowledge |
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Term
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Definition
| rule that describes the behavior of something in nature; usually describes what will happen in a situation but not why it happens |
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Term
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Definition
| problem solving procedures that can include identifying the problem or question, gathering information, developing a hypothesis, testing the hypothesis, analyzing the results, and drawing conclusions |
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Term
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Definition
| explanation that is supported by results from repeated experimentation or testing |
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Term
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Definition
| movement of air from sea to land during the day when cooler air from above the water moves over the land, forcing the heated, less dense air above the land to rise |
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Term
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Definition
| Hess' theory that new seafloor is formed when magma is forced upward toward the surface at a mid ocean ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| short period of climate change in an area caused by the tilt of Earth's axis as Earth revolves around the Sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| seismic wave that moves rock particles at right angles to the direction of the wave |
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Term
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Definition
| loose materials, such as rock fragments, mineral grains,and the remains of once living plants and animals, that have moved by wind, water, ice, and gravity. |
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Term
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Definition
| instrument used to register earthquake waves and record the time each arrived |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements. |
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Term
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Definition
| describes a mineral that contains silicon and oxygen and usually one or more other elements. |
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Term
|
Definition
| mixture of weathered rock and mineral fragments, decayed organic matter, water, and air that can take thousands of years to develop. |
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Term
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Definition
| a homogeneous, molecular mixture of two or more substances. |
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Term
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Definition
| large facility with living quarters, work and exercise areas, and equipment and supported systems for humans to live and work in space while conducting research |
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Term
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Definition
| indicates weather conditions at a specific location, using a combination of symbols on a map |
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Term
|
Definition
| color of a mineral when it is in powdered from |
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Term
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Definition
| break in rock cause by shear forces where rocks move past each other without much vertical movement |
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Term
|
Definition
| use of scientific discovery for practical purposes, making people's live easier and better. |
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Term
|
Definition
| CLIMATE ZONES WITH MODERATE TEMPERATURES THE TROPICS AND THE THAT ARE LOCATED BETWEEN |
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Term
|
Definition
| FARMING METHOD USED TO REDUCE EROSION ON STEEP MOUNTAINS |
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Term
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Definition
| organism with a three lobed exoskeleton that was abundant in Paleozoic oceans and is considered to be an index fossil |
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Term
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Definition
| climate zone that receives the most solar radiation, is located between latitudes 23 degrees North and 23 degrees South, and is always hot, except at high elevations |
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Term
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Definition
| layer of Earth's atmosphere that is closest to the ground, contains 99% of the water vapor and 75% of the atmospheric gases, and is where clouds and weather occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| seismic waves that begins over an earthquake focus and can be highly destructive when it crashes on shore |
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Term
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Definition
| a type of energy that comes to Earth from the Sun, can damage skin and cause cancer, is mostly absorbed by the ozone layer |
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Term
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Definition
| gap in the rock layer that is due to erosion or periods without any deposition |
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Term
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Definition
| vertical circulation in the ocean that brings deep, cold water to the ocean's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| different factors that can be changed in an experiment |
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Term
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Definition
| opening where magma is forced up and flows out onto Earth's surface |
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Term
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Definition
| opening in Earth's surface that erupts sulfurous gases, ash, and lava; can form at Earth's plate boundaries, where plates move apart or together, and at hot spots |
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Term
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Definition
| rhythmic movement that carries energy through matter or space; can be described by its crest,trough, wavelength, and wave height |
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Term
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Definition
| state of the atmosphere at a specific time and place; determined by factors including air pressure, amount of moisture in the air, temperature, wind, and precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
| mechanical or chemical surface processes that break rock into smaller and smaller pieces |
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Term
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Definition
| Large area of air that has a uniform temperature, humidity, and pressure |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which the weight from the layers of sediment forces out fluids and decreases the spaces between sediment grains. |
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Term
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Definition
| Transfer of thermal energy due to collision of particles |
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Term
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Definition
| The dense metallic center of the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| The brittle, rocky outer layer of the earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| Laying down or settling of eroded material. |
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Term
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Definition
| Boundary between 2 plates that move away from each other. |
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Term
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Definition
| Period of below average precipitation |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| When Earth’s rotation is tilted neither toward nor away from the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| Breaking of a mineral along rough or irregular surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Huge collection of stars, gas, and dust. |
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Term
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Definition
| Large circular system of air current. |
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Term
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Definition
| The resistance of a mineral being scratched. |
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Term
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Definition
| Location where volcanoes from far from plate tectonics. |
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Term
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Definition
| System containing all of Earth’s water. |
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Term
| International Systems of Units (SI) |
|
Definition
| The internationally accepted system of measurement. |
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Term
|
Definition
| True brightness of an object |
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Term
|
Definition
| Lowest tidal range that occurs when Earth, the moon, and the Sun form a right angle. |
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Term
| Nonpoint source pollution |
|
Definition
| Pollution from several widespread sources that cannot be traced back to a single location |
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Term
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Definition
| Starting material of soil consisting of rock or sediment that is subject to weather. |
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Term
| principle of superposition |
|
Definition
| states that in undisturbed rock layers, the oldest rocks are on the bottom, and the rocks become progressively younger toward the top |
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Term
|
Definition
| When Earth’s rotation axis is tilted directly toward or away from the sun. |
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Term
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Definition
| Steady wind that flows from east to west between 30 degrees N and 30 degrees S latitude. |
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Term
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Definition
| Principle stating that geological processes that occur today are similar to those that occurred in the past. |
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Term
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Definition
| Series of natural processes by which water continually moves water throughout the hydrosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| Movement of air from areas of high pressure to areas of low pressure. |
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Term
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Definition
| The contamination of air by harmful substances including gases and smoke |
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Term
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Definition
| The force that a column of air applies on the air or a surface below it |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of how bright an object appears from Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| A small, rocky object that orbits the sun |
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Term
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Definition
| The partially melted portion of the mantle below the lithosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the origin, development, distribution, and future of life on Earth and in the universe |
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Term
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Definition
| The average distance from Earth to the Sun- about 150 million km |
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Term
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Definition
| Area of subsidence; region with low elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedimentary rock that was formed by organisms or contains the remains of organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism that is sensitive to environmental conditions and is one of the first to respond to changes |
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Term
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Definition
| All of the organisms that live in a region |
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Term
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Definition
| An object whose gravity is so great that no light can escape |
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Term
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Definition
| A mix of fresh water and sea water |
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Term
|
Definition
| The fossilized outline of an organism or part of an organism |
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Term
|
Definition
| A fossil copy of an organism made when a mold of the organism is filled with sediment or mineral deposits |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which minerals dissolved in water crystallize between sediment grains |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedimentary rock that forms when minerals crystallize directly from water |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that changes the composition of rocks and minerals due to exposure to the environment |
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Term
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Definition
| The orange-red layer above the photosphere of a star |
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Term
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Definition
| Sedimentary rock that is made up of broken pieces of minerals and rock fragments |
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Term
|
Definition
| The breaking of a mineral along a smooth, flat surface |
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Term
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Definition
| An oxygen-poor environment where, over a period of time, decaying plant material changes into coal |
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Term
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Definition
| The attraction along molecules that are alike |
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Term
|
Definition
| The squeezing force at a convergent boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| Detailed computer programs that solve a set of complex mathematical formulas |
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Term
|
Definition
| Formation of a metamorphic rock caused by magma coming into contact with existing rock |
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Term
|
Definition
| Layer of a star where hot gas moves up toward the surface and cooler gas moves deeper into the interior |
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|
Term
| convergent plate boundary |
|
Definition
| The boundary between two plates that move toward each other |
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Term
|
Definition
| The loss of color in corals that occurs when stressed corals expel the colorful algae that live in them |
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Term
|
Definition
| The wide, outermost layer of a star’s atmosphere |
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Term
|
Definition
| A method used by geologists to fill in the missing gaps in an area’s rock record by matching rocks and fossils from separate locations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Comparing what you already know with information you are given in order to decide whether you agree with it |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process by which atoms form a solid with an orderly repeating pattern |
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Term
|
Definition
| Matter that emits no light at any wavelength |
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Term
|
Definition
| The breaking down of dead organisms and organic waste |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large deposit of sediment that forms where a stream enters a large body of water |
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Term
|
Definition
| A spoken or written summary of observations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Temperature at which air is fully saturated because of decreasing temperatures while holding the amount of moisture constant |
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Term
|
Definition
| Dominant Mesozoic land vertebrates that walked with their legs positioned directly below their hips |
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Term
|
Definition
| A specialized type of radar that can detect precipitation as well as the movement of small particles, which can be used to approximate wind speed |
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Term
|
Definition
| The entire range of radiant energy carried by electromagnetic waves |
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Term
|
Definition
| A division of geologic time smaller than a period |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large division of geologic time, but smaller than an eon |
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Term
|
Definition
| process in which surface materials are worn away and transported from one place to another by agents such as gravity, water, wind, and glaciers. |
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Term
|
Definition
| The process of a liquid changing to a gas at the surface of the liquid |
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Term
|
Definition
| An interpretation of observations |
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Term
|
Definition
| Life that originates outside Earth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Igneous rock that forms when volcanic material erupts, cools, and crystallizes on Earth’s surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| Parallel ridge that forms where blocks of crust move up or down along faults |
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Term
|
Definition
| An area of many fractured pieces of crust along a large fault |
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Term
|
Definition
| Rocks that contains parallel layers of flat and elongated materials |
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Term
|
Definition
| The four largest of Jupiter’s 63 moons; discovered by Galileo |
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Term
|
Definition
| The separation of a population of organisms from the rest of its species due to some physical barrier such as a mountain range of an ocean |
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Term
|
Definition
| The solid part of the Earth |
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Term
|
Definition
| Thermal energy from Earth’s interior |
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Term
|
Definition
| Grooves in solid rock formations made by rocks that are carried by glaciers |
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Term
|
Definition
| A set of complex equations used to predict future climates |
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Term
|
Definition
| An individual particle in a rock |
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Term
|
Definition
| An attractive force that exists between all objects that have mass |
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Term
|
Definition
| A gas in the atmosphere that absorbs Earth’s outgoing infrared radiation |
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Term
|
Definition
| Explosive growth of algae that harms organisms |
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|
Term
| Hertzsprung-Russell Diagram |
|
Definition
| A graph that plots luminosity v. temperature of stars |
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Term
|
Definition
| A large body of circulating air with high pressure at its center and lower pressure outside of the system |
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Term
|
Definition
| The current epoch of geologic time which began 10,000 years ago |
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Term
|
Definition
| Layers of soil formed from the movement of the products of weathering |
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Term
|
Definition
| Electricity produced by flowing water |
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Term
|
Definition
| A period of time when a large portion of Earth’s surface is covered by glaciers |
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Term
|
Definition
| A round depression formed on the surface of a planet, moon, or other space object by the impact of a meteorite |
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Term
|
Definition
| A piece of older rock that becomes part of a new rock |
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Term
|
Definition
| The factor that is changed by the investigator to observe how it affects a dependent variable |
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Term
|
Definition
| A fossil representative of a species that existed on Earth for a short length of time, was abundant, and inhabited many locations |
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Term
|
Definition
| A logical explanation of an observation that is drawn from prior knowledge or experience |
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Term
|
Definition
| A body of water formed when ocean water floods continents |
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Term
|
Definition
| A warm period that occurs during an ice age |
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Term
|
Definition
| Igneous rock that forms as magma cools underground |
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Term
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Definition
| A region within the mesosphere and thermosphere containing ions |
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Definition
| Lines that connect all places on a map where pressure has the same value |
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Definition
| A landform that connects two continents that were previously separated |
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Definition
| A topographic feature formed by processes that shape Earth’s surface |
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Definition
| Rapid, downhill movement of soil, loose rocks, and boulders |
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Definition
| The distance light travels in one year |
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Definition
| The rigid outermost layer of Earth that includes the uppermost mantle and crust |
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Definition
| A crumbly, windblown deposit of silt and clay |
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Definition
| A current that flows parallel to the shoreline |
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Definition
| A large body of circulating air with low pressure at its center and higher pressure outside the system |
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Definition
| Term that refers to anything related to the moon |
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Definition
| An occurrence during which the Moon moves into the Earth’s shadow |
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Definition
| An event that causes a magnetic field to reverse direction |
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Definition
| The outer part of Earth’s magnetic field that interacts with charged particles |
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Definition
| The thick middle layer in the solid part of the Earth |
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Definition
| The large, dark, flat areas on the moon |
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Definition
| A term that refers to anything related to oceans |
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Definition
| The extinction of many species on Earth within a short period of time |
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Definition
| The downhill movement of a large mass of rocks or soil due to gravity |
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Definition
| A broad, C-shaped curve in a stream |
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Definition
| Large mammal of the Cenozoic era |
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Definition
| The middle era of the Phanerozoic eon |
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Definition
| Process that affects the structure or composition of a rock in a solid state as a result of changes in temperature, pressure, or the addition of chemical fluids |
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Definition
| A meteoroid that has entered Earth’s atmosphere and produces a streak of light |
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Definition
| A meteoroid that strikes a planet or a moon |
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Term
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Definition
| A small rocky particle that moves through space |
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Term
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Definition
| A localized climate that is different from the climate of the larger area surrounding it |
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Definition
| Scientist who studies the distribution of minerals, mineral properties, and their uses |
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Definition
| The impression of an organism in a rock |
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Definition
| A wind circulation pattern that changes direction with the seasons |
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Definition
| A mound or ridge of unsorted sediment deposited by a glacier |
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Definition
| Landform with high relief and high elevation |
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Definition
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Definition
| A dense core of neutrons that remains after a supernova |
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Definition
| A nitrogen based compound often used in fertilizer |
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Definition
| Metamorphic rock with mineral grains that have a random, interlocking texture |
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Definition
| Resource that is used faster than it can be replaced by natural processes |
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Term
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Definition
| When magnetized objects, such as compass needles, orient themselves to point north |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy stored in and released from the nucleus of an atom |
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Term
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Definition
| A process that occurs when the nuclei of several atoms combine into one larger nucleus |
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Definition
| The act of using one or more of your senses to gather information and to take note of what occurs |
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Definition
| A large volume of water flowing in a certain direction |
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Term
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Definition
| A deep, underwater trough created by one plate subducting under another plate at a convergent plate boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| Remains of something that was once alive |
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Definition
| Layered sediment deposited by streams of water that flow from a melting glacier |
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Definition
| Scientist who studies fossils |
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Term
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Definition
| The oldest era of the Phanerozoic era |
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Term
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Definition
| The mix of both solid and liquid particles in the air |
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Term
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Definition
| The lighter part of a shadow where light is partially blocked |
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Term
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Definition
| A unit of geologic time smaller than an era |
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Definition
| The time it takes an object to travel once around the Sun |
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Definition
| The lit part of the Moon or a planet that can be seen from Earth |
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Term
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Definition
| Air pollution that forms from the interaction between chemicals in the air and sunlight |
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Definition
| The apparent surface of a star |
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Term
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Definition
| Landform with low relief and low elevation |
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Definition
| The permanent change in shape of rocks caused by bending and folding |
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Definition
| An area with low relief and high elevation |
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Term
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Definition
| The first epoch of the Quaternary period |
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Term
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Definition
| Mesozoic marine animal with a small head, long neck, and flippers |
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Term
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Definition
| Pollution from a single source that can be identified |
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Term
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Definition
| Cold winds that blow from the east to the west near the North Pole and the South Pole |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which opposite ends of a molecule have slightly opposite charges but the overall charge of the molecule is neutral |
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Term
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Definition
| Small holes and spaces in soil |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of seismic wave which causes particles in the ground to move in a push-pull motion similar to a coiled spring |
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Term
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Definition
| A series of space missions designed to send people to the Moon |
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Definition
| Mesozoic flying reptile with large bat-like wings |
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Term
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Definition
| A shell of cooler hydrogen above a star’s core |
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Term
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Definition
| A telescope that collects waves and some microwaves using an antenna that looks like a TV satellite dish |
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Term
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Definition
| An area of low rainfall on the downwind slope of a mountain |
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Term
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Definition
| A process in which mined land must be recovered with soil and replanted with vegetation |
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Term
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Definition
| A telescope that uses a curved mirror to concentrate light from distant objects |
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Term
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Definition
| A telescope that uses a convex lens to concentrate light from distant objects |
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Term
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Definition
| Formation of metamorphic rock bodies that are hundreds of square kilometers in size |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of water vapor present in the air compared to the maximum amount of water vapor the air could contain at that temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of collecting information about an area without coming into contact with it |
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Term
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Definition
| A resource that can be replenished by natural processes at least as quickly as it is used |
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Term
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Definition
| When magnetized objects reverse directions and orient themselves to point south |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that results when magma rises at a mid- ocean ridge and pushes oceanic plates in two different directions away from the ridge |
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Term
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Definition
| A vehicle propelled by the exhaust made from burning fuel. |
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Term
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Definition
| The line on which an object rotates |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the mass of dissolved salts in a mass of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Any small object that orbits a larger object other than a star |
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Term
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Definition
| An explanation of observations or events that is based on knowledge gained from many observations or investigations |
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Term
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Definition
| The average level of the ocean’s surface at any given time. |
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Term
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Definition
| Water from a sea or ocean that has an average salinity |
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Term
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Definition
| Energy that travels as vibrations on and in Earth. |
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Term
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Definition
| A graphical illustration of seismic waves |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientist that studies earthquakes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Parallel forces acting in opposite directions at a transform boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| A large volcano with gentle slopes of basaltic lavas, common along divergent plate boundaries and oceanic hot spots. |
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Term
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Definition
| An occurrence during which the Moon’s shadows appears on Earth’s surface |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| An unscrewed spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space |
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Term
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Definition
| Reusable spacecraft sent from Earth to explore objects in space |
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Term
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Definition
| The amount of thermal energy needed to raise the temperature of 1 kg of material 1 degree Celsius. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ball shape with all points on the surface at a equal distance from the center. |
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Term
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Definition
| The largest tidal range that occurs when Earth, moon, and the Sun from a straight line |
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Term
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Definition
| Whether or not air motions will be strong or weak. |
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Term
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Definition
| A large sphere of hydrogen gas, held together by gravity; that is hot enough for nuclear reactions to occur in its core. |
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Term
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Definition
| A change in shape of the rock caused by stress |
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Term
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Definition
| The atmospheric layer directly above the troposphere |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that occurs when one tectonic plate moves under another tectonic plate |
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Term
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Definition
| The downward vertical motion of Earth’s surface |
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Term
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Definition
| An ancient landmass which separated into present-day continents |
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Term
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Definition
| An enormous explosion that destroys a star |
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Term
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Definition
| A description of weather measurements made on Earth’s surface |
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Term
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Definition
| A type of seismic wave that causes particles in the ground to move up and down in a rolling motion |
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Term
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Definition
| A temperature increase as altitude increases in the troposphere |
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Term
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Definition
| The pulling force at a divergent boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| Earth and other inner planets that are closest to the Sun including Mercury, Venus, and Mars |
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Term
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Definition
| A rock’s grain size and the way the grain fits together |
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Term
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Definition
| The difference in water level between a high tide and a low tide |
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Term
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Definition
| The periodic rise and fall of the ocean’s surface caused by gravitational force between Earth and the Moon, and Earth and the Sun |
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Term
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Definition
| A mixture of various sizes of sediment that has been deposited by a glacier |
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Term
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Definition
| The shape and steepness of the landscape |
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Term
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Definition
| A violent, whirling column of air in contact with the ground |
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Term
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Definition
| The preserved evidence of the activity of an organism |
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Term
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Definition
| The boundary between two plates that slide past each other |
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Term
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Definition
| The process by which plants release water vapor through their leaves |
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Term
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Definition
| A measure of the cloudiness of water from sediments, microscopic organisms, or pollutants |
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Term
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Definition
| The central, darker part of a shadow where light is totally blocked |
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Term
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Definition
| The process that moves large bodies of Earth materials to higher elevations |
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Term
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Definition
| Mountain that forms when large regions rise vertically with very little deformation |
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Definition
| A description of wind, temperature, and humidity conditions above Earth’s surface |
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Term
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Definition
| A measurement of liquid’s resistance to flow |
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Term
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Definition
| A curved line of volcanoes that forms parallel to a plate boundary |
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Term
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Definition
| Tiny particles of pulverized volcanic rock and glass |
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Term
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Definition
| Rock that forms when lava cools too quickly to form crystals |
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Term
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Definition
| Phases of the Moon during which less of the Moon’s near side is lit each night |
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Term
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Definition
| The chemical, biological, and physical status of a body of water |
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Term
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Definition
| Water in its gaseous form |
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Term
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Definition
| Phases of the Moon during which more of the Moon’s near side is lit each night |
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Term
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Definition
| Steady winds that flow from west to east between latitudes 30 degrees N and 60 degrees N, and 30 degrees S and 60 degrees S |
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Term
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Definition
| A hot, dense slowly cooling sphere of carbon |
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