Wilhelm Wundt

(1832-1920)

Founded Structuralism

basic elements of consciousness.

objective sensations vs. subjective feelings

                    sight & taste                 emotions

used introspection--an examination of one's own thoughts and feelings

William James

(1842-1910)

Harvard professor 

Founded Functionalism

contrary to structuralists, he believed that conscious experience cannot be broken down.

Experience is a continuous "stream of consciousness"

published The Principles of Pyschology in 1890

considered to be the first modern psychology textbook.

Ivan Pavlov

(1849-1936)

Russian Pyschologist

Dog/Saliva Experiement

originally intended to study relationship between the nervous system and digestion.

Ended up discovering US, UR, CR, and CS

Sigmund Freud

(1856-1939)

Founded Pychoanalysis

emphasize the importance of unconscious motives and internal conlficts in determining human behavior.

consultations with patients instead of lab work.

John Watson

(1878-1958)

Behaviorist

 did not believe in role of consciousness but rather the focus of learning of habits through repetition and reinforcement.  

 Little Albert Experiment

 pyschology must be limited observable, measurable events--behavior.

Carl Rogers

(1902-1987)

advocate for humanistic approach 

the self theory

believed in self-concept, a view of oneself as an individual

CONGRUENCE: consistency between one's self-concept and one's experience.

B.F. Skinner

(1904-1990)

Harvard University pyschologist

Introduced Reinforcement Concept

used animals to demonstrate behavior patterns.

Albert Bandura

(1925-)

Research on Social Learning and

Observational Learning

Doll Experiment