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| What are interspecific interactions? |
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Definition
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| Interacting beings evolving together |
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| What are possible interspecific interactions among species? |
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Definition
1. Predation 2. Symbiosis 3. Competition |
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A predator preying upon a prey A VERY STRONG EVOLUTIONARY FORCE |
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| What are the different forms of predation? |
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1. Carnivory - animal eat animal 2. Herbivory - anime eat plant 3. Parasitism - small animal living off much larger animal |
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What is Predator Adaptation? |
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Predators adapting to the defense mechanisms of the their prey. example of coevolution |
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| interactions between organisms of 2 different species that involve direct prolonged physical contact |
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| What are the different kinds of Symbiosis? |
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Definition
1. Mutalism (+/+) - both species benefit. Example: bees getting nector from flower and helping the flower pollinate others 2. Commensalism (+/0) - one benefits and the other is left unaffected Example: bird follows cattle through grassland, bug flies out, bird catches and gets food, cattle left unaffected 3. Parasitism (+/-) - one benefits and the orher is harmed Example: honeybee mite stays on honeybee and sucks the hemolymph |
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interaction between animals for resources occurs when resources are scare BOTH SPECIES DO NOT BENEFIT |
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| What is the competitive exclusion principle? |
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Two species that share the same food source cannot coexist |
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Definition
How an organism makes its living Two types: Fundamental and Realized |
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| What is Fundamental Niche? |
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Definition
all the resources that an organism could possibly use |
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The resources that an organism actually uses no two species in the same community can havethe same realized niche |
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| How do species avoid niche overlap? |
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Definition
Resource partitioning - competing species can use the same resource in a slightly different way or a different times Character Displacement - when two species have been living together for a long time, they diverge in morphology so they end up using different resources |
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| What were some exotic species presented in lecture? |
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| Zebra mussels – Came from the Caspian Sea. They clarified the water, but in doing that they changed the algae which lived in there. Also by changing the algae you change the amount of sunlight the water gets and the kinds of fish that could live in there. Zebra mussels don’t have a lot of predators in the Great Lakes, so they grow exponentially. Female zebra mussels can produce 1 million Eggs per year. They disrupt the fresh water ecosystem. They decrease biodiversity (different species that live in an area). Also there are some economic impacts. Example: Lake Saint Claire was found to be inhabited by Zebra Mussels in the 1980s. In 1990 the Zebra mussels expanded. In 1994 they expanded even more. The native mussels that have been always there, declined within all those years. Purple Loosestrife – non-native to us, came in the 1800s. Has a really fast population growth. Also it has no natural enemies in the US. The plant is very recund because 1 stalk can make up to 300,000 iny seeds/yr. It can also reproduce asexually. The problems with this plant is that it disrupts river flow and water canals. It is also detrimental to wetland diversity/habitats, by out competing other plants. Emerald Ash Borer – From Asia, found in 2002 in Detriot. Adult beetles nibble on ash foliage but the damage is very little. The problem is with the larvae. They feed on the inner bark of ash trees, disrupting the tree’s ability to transport water and nutrients. Theoretically the insects shouldn’t expand too quickly. |
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