Term
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Definition
| bacterial cell wall inhibitor--transpeptidase inhibitor (non-resistant staphylococcus and streptococcus, pasteurella multocida, clostridium spp., spirochetes, actinomycetes israelii) |
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Term
| penicillin V potassium (generic) |
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Definition
| bacterial cell wall inhibitor--transpeptidase inhibitor (minor infections) --better GI absorption than pen G, but less active |
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Term
| penicillin G procaine (wycillin) |
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Definition
| bacterial cell wall inhibitor--transpeptidase inhibitor (strep pyogenes) --slow release form |
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Term
| penicillin G benzathine (bicillin L-A, permapen) |
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Definition
| bacterial cell wall inhibitor--transpeptidase inhibitor (strep pharyngitis, prophylaxis for rheumatic fever, syphilis) --slowest release form |
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Term
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Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (no longer used due to interstitial nephritis) |
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Term
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Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (Beta lactamase producing Staph and strep) --usually given IV |
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Term
| oxacillin (generic, bactocill) |
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Definition
| penicillinase resistant penicillin (Beta lactamase producing Staph and strep) |
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Term
| ampicillin (generic, principen) |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillin (Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, strep. pyogenes, susceptible strep. pneumo, Moraxella catatthalis, enterococcus faecalis) --interferes with contraceptives |
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Term
| amoxicillin (generic, amoxil, trimox) |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillin (Haemophilus influenzae, E. coli, Listeria monocytogenes, proteus mirabilis, Salmonella, strep. pyogenes, susceptible strep. pneumo, Moraxella catatthalis, enterococcus faecalis) --good GI absorption, interferes with contraceptives |
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Term
| ticarcillin + clavulanate potassium (timentin) |
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Definition
| carboxypenicillin antipseudomonal in combo with Beta lactamase inhibitor (septicemia, UTI, intra-abdominal infxns) --excess Na, prolong bleeding time |
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Term
| piperacillin + tazobactam (zosyn) |
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Definition
| ureidopenicillin antipseudomonal in combo w/ beta lactamase inhibitor (community/nosocomial pneumonia, septicemia, UTI, gyne infxns, intra-abdominal infxns, skin infxns) --broader spectrum than ticarcillin and less adverse effects |
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Term
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Definition
| monobactam--penicillin like action but resistant to beta lactamase (gram neg. coverage only, patients w/ penicillin allergies) |
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Term
| imipenem + cilastatin (primaxin) |
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Definition
| carbapenem--broad spectrum penicillin like action but resistant to beta lactamases (Gram + and - coverage in severe hospital acquired infxns) --N/V, allergic rxn, seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits class A (plasmid encoded) beta lactamase |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits class A (plasmid encoded) beta lactamase |
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Term
| amoxicillin + clavulanic acid (augmentin) |
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Definition
| extended spectrum penicillin w/ beta lactamase inhibitor (S. aureus, H. influenzae, gonococci, E. coli, M. catarrhalis, drug of choice for acute otitis media, sinusitis, human and animal bite wounds, also used in UTI's and gonorrhea) |
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Term
| cefazolin (generic, ancef) |
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Definition
| 1st gen cephalosporin (mainly gram + infxns) --drug of choice for surgical prophylaxis |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1st gen cephalosporin (mainly gram + infxns) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2nd gen cephalosporin (medium activity to gram + and -, sinusitis, otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, perotinitis) --susceptible to beta lactamase |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd gen cephalosporin (medium activity to gram + and -, sinusitis, otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, perotinitis) |
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Term
cefuroxime axetil (ceftin) --oral
cefuroxime (zinacef) --IV |
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Definition
| 2nd gen cephalosporin (medium activity to gram + and -, sinusitis, otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, perotinitis) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 2nd gen cephalosporin (medium activity to gram + and -, sinusitis, otitis media, community acquired pneumonia, perotinitis) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin (more gram - activity, less gram + activity, serious infxns including meningitis, sepsis, gonorrhea, penicillin resistant strep pneumo, neuro complications post lyme disease) --longest half life |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin (more gram - activity, less gram + activity, serious infxns including meningitis, sepsis, gonorrhea) |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin (more gram - activity, less gram + activity, serious infxns including meningitis, sepsis, penicillin resistant strep pneumo) |
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Term
| ceftazidime (fortaz, tazidime) |
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Definition
| 3rd gen cephalosporin (more gram - activity, less gram + activity, serious infxns including meningitis, sepsis, anti-pseudomonas) |
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Term
|
Definition
| 4th gen cephalosporin --resistant to plasmid and chromosomal beta lactamase, power house AB |
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Term
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Definition
| 5th gen cephalosporin (community acquired pneumonia, enterococcus and MRSA) |
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Term
| chloramphenicol (generic, chloromycetin) |
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Definition
| broad sprectrum protein synthesis inhibitor--binds to 50S subunit (bacterial meningitis, brain abscess, rickettsial diseases in pregnant women and children) --bone marrow toxicity, gray baby syndrome |
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Term
| tetracycline (generic, sumycin) |
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Definition
| short acting tetracycline--broad spectrum, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit (rickettsial infxns, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydiae infxns, lyme disease, brucellosis, cholera, H. pylori, periodontitis) --superinfxns, dental discoloration, fanconi syndrome, take standing up w/ water |
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Term
| doxycycline (generic, vibramycin, monodox) |
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Definition
| long acting tetracycline--broad spectrum, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit (rickettsial infxns, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydiae infxns, lyme disease, brucellosis, cholera, H. pylori, periodontitis) --superinfxns, dental discoloration, fanconi syndrome, take standing up w/ water |
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Term
| minocycline (generic, minocin, arrestin, dynacin, myrac) |
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Definition
| long acting tetracycline--broad spectrum, inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 30S subunit (rickettsial infxns, mycoplasma pneumonia, chlamydiae infxns, lyme disease, brucellosis, cholera, H. pylori, periodontitis) --superinfxns, dental discoloration, fanconi syndrome, take standing up w/ water |
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Term
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Definition
| long acting tetracycline derivative--efflux pump resistant protein synthesis inhibitor (MRSA skin infxns, intra-abdominal infxns) |
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Term
| erythromycin base (generic, ERY, PCE) |
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Definition
| macrolide--inhibits protein synthesis by binding to 50S subunit (mycoplasma pneumonia, legionella pneumophila, nonstrep pharyngitis, chlamydial infxns, whooping cough, campylobacter gastroenteritis, preventing endocarditis w/ dental procedures) --low oral absorption, increased gastric emptying, liver toxicity, inhibits p450 |
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Term
| clarithromycin (generic, biaxin) |
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Definition
| macrolide--binds 50S subunit (same as erythromycin but better for mycobacterium avium complex and H. influenzae) --longer acting, 2x daily |
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Term
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Definition
| macrolide--binds 50S subunit (same as erythromycin but better for H. influenzae, single dose treatment for genital chlamydia) --longest acting macrolide, does not affect p450 |
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Term
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Definition
| macrolide--binds 50S subunit (respiratory infxns) --effective against macrolide resistant gram +'s, severe liver toxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| anti-inflammatory sulfonamide--converted to 5-ASA in gut (ulcerative colitis and IBD) |
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Term
| silver sulfadiazine (silvadene) |
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Definition
| topical sulfonamide--antibacterial and antifungal (prevention of infxns in burns, conjuctivitis, chlamydia trachoma) |
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Term
| trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (TMP-SMX, bactrim, septra) |
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Definition
| inhibits folic acid production and is bacteriocidal (UTI--E. coli, K. pneumonia, Proteus, enterobacter, morganella, respiratory infxns--strep pneumo, Hib, M. catarrhalis, P. jerovecii, GI infxns--E. coli, salmonella, cholera, soft tissue infxns--MRSA, listeria, yersinia, nocardia, toxo, pneumocystis) --crystaluria, hemolytic anemia, SJS, hyperkalemia, DONT GIVE DURING PREGNANCY |
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Term
| gentamicin (generic, garamycin, jenamicin) |
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Definition
| aminoglycoside--irreversibly inhibits 30S subunit (UTI's, gram - pneumonias, P. aeruginosa, enterobacter, klebsiella, serratia, E. coli, enterococcal endocarditis, sepsis, burns, peritonitis) --nephrotoxic, ototoxic |
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Term
| tobramycin (generic, nebcin) |
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Definition
| aminoglycoside--irreversibly inhibits 30S subunit (best pseudomonas coverage during bacteremia, osteomyelitis, pneumonia, CF patients) --ototoxic, nephrotoxic |
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Term
| amikacin (generic, amikin) |
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Definition
| broadest spectrum aminoglycoside--irreversibly inhibits 30S subunit (serious hospital aminoglycoside resistant infxns, MTB) --nephrotoxic, ototoxic |
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Term
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Definition
| aminoglycoside--irreversibly inhibits 30S subunit (not really anything anymore) --less gram - activity than others, ototoxicity |
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Term
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Definition
| 2nd gen fluoroquinolone--inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (pseudomonas in CF patient, UTI, prostatitis, E. coli, chlamydia trachomatis, haemophilus ducreyi, GI, salmonella, shigella, bone-joint-skin infxns, mycobacterium, francisella tularensis, anthrax) --GI disturbance, C. diff |
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Term
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Definition
| 3rd gen fluoroquinolone, better gram + coverage--inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (pseudomonas in CF patient, UTI, prostatitis, E. coli, chlamydia trachomatis, haemophilus ducreyi, GI, salmonella, shigella, bone-joint-skin infxns, mycobacterium, francisella tularensis, anthrax, pneumonia from strep, staph, mycoplasma, legionella) --GI disturbance, C. diff |
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Term
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Definition
| 4th gen fluoroquinolone, best gram + coverage--inhibits DNA gyrase and topoisomerase IV (pseudomonas in CF patient, prostatitis, E. coli, chlamydia trachomatis, haemophilus ducreyi, GI, salmonella, shigella, bone-joint-skin infxns, mycobacterium, francisella tularensis, anthrax, pneumonia from strep, staph, mycoplasma, legionella) --GI disturbance, C. diff, not good for UTI's |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteriocidal cell wall inhibitor (MRSA, C. diff, strep pneumo meningitis) --ototoxic, nephrotoxic, red neck syndrome |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteriostatic protein synthesis inhibitor--binds 50S subunit (gram +'s and anaerobes, especially for ABSCESSES, prophylaxis during dental procedures) --C. diff is major concern |
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Term
| nitrofurantoin (furadantin, macrobid, macrodantin) |
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Definition
| may damage bacterial DNA (chronic UTI's, Pseudomonas) --hemolytic anemia |
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Term
| polymyxin B (generic, poly-Rx) |
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Definition
| topical-disrupts cell membranes (gram neg activity only including pseudomonas) --nephrotoxic, neurotoxic |
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Term
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Definition
| bacteriocidal, binds intracellular macromolecules (only effective against anaerobes including bacteroides fragilis, intra-abdominal/pelvic infxns, brain abscesses, H. pylori) --carcinogenic, reacts with ETOH |
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Term
| bacitracin (bacitracin USP, baci IM) |
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Definition
| ointment, cell wall inhibitor (broad spectrum for open wounds and eye infxns) --nephrotoxicity |
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Term
| quinupristin/dalfopristin (synercid) |
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Definition
| protein synthesis inhibitor--binds 50S subunit (infxns by resistant strains of MRSA, vanco resistant enterococcus faecium, strep) |
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Term
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Definition
| protein synthesis inhibitor--binds 50S subunit (vanco resistant enterococcus facacium, nosocomial pneumo, MRSA skin infxns) --monoamine oxidase inhibitor |
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Term
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Definition
| depolarizes cell membrane (MRSA) --myopathy, neuropathy |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid synthesis in MTB (1st line TB agent) --peripheral neuropathy (treat w/ pyridoxine), hepatitis |
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Term
| rifampin (rifadin, rimactane) |
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Definition
| inhibits bacterial RNA polymerase (1st line TB agent, leprosy) --GI, red urine, hepatitis, P450 inducer |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits mycolic acid incorporation (TB) --optic neuritis |
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Term
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Definition
| MOA unknown (TB) --hepatotoxic, hyperuricemia |
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Term
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Definition
| binds mycobacterial DNA (lepromatous leprosy) --GI, skin discoloration |
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Term
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Definition
| inhibits folic acid synthesis (leprosy) --hemolytic anemia, methemoglobinemia, sulfone syndrome |
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Term
| amphotericin B (amphotec) |
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Definition
| binds sterols in fungi (systemic, superficial candida, protozoan infxns) --nephrotoxic, anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| imidazole--inhibits 14-alpha-demethylase (systemic broad spectrum antifungal, superficial candida/ringworm) --GI, endocrine abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole--inhibits 14-alpha-demethylase (systemic antifungal, superficial candida) |
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Term
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Definition
| triazole--inhibits 14-alpha-demethylase (systemic antifungal, superficial candida) |
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Term
| griseofulvin (grifulvin v) |
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Definition
| binds mitotic apparatus and arrests cells in metaphase, deposits in keratin precursor cells (dermatophytoses) |
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Term
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Definition
| binds sterols in fungal cell membrane (candida) |
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Term
| terbinafine hydrochloride (lamisil) |
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Definition
| squalene monooxygenase inhibitor--inhibits ergosterol synth. (dermatophytoses, candida) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks synthesis of beta (1,3)-d-glucan in fungal cell walls (resistant systemic aspergillosis and esophageal candidiasis) |
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Term
| immune globulin (gammagard S/D) |
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Definition
| human IgG, IgM--increased passive immunity (prophylaxis for measles, hepatitis A and hep B) |
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Term
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Definition
| blocks penetration and uncoating of influenza A virus --CNS side effects |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA and RNA synthesis inhibitor (RSV, in combo w/ INF alpha for Hep C) --teratogenesis |
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Term
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Definition
| neuraminidase inhibitor (influenza A and B) |
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Term
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Definition
| neuraminidase inhibitor (influenza A and B) --N/V and HA |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA synthesis inhibitor (herpes simplex kertitis) --teratogenic, visual haze |
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Term
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Definition
| viral protein and replication inhibitor (genital and anal warts, hep B, in combo w/ ribavirin for hep C) --flu like, myalgia, transient hematologic abnormalities |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA synthesis inhibitor (HSV, varicella zoster) |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA synthesis inhibitor (CMV retinitis) --teratogenic, myelosuppression, neutropenia |
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Term
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Definition
| DNA synth inhibitor (CMV retinitis in AIDS patient) --nephrotoxic |
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Term
| zidovudine, AZT, ZDV (retrovir) |
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Definition
| NRTI--pyrimidine nucleoside (HIV) |
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Term
|
Definition
| NRTI--pyrimidine nucleoside (HIV, Hepatitis B) --Hep B flare up |
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Term
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Definition
| NRTI--nucleoside analogue (HIV) --severe hypersensitivity |
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Term
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Definition
| NRTI--nucleoside analogue (HIV, Hepatitis B) --hyperpigmentation of palms and soles |
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Term
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Definition
| NNRTI--nucleoTide (HIV, Hepatitis B) |
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Term
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Definition
| NNRTI--non-nucleoside (HIV) --P450 metabolism |
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Term
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Definition
| PI--modified peptide (HIV, boost concentration of other PI's) --P450 metabolism, circumoral & peripheral paresthesia |
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Term
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Definition
| PI--modified peptide (HIV) --P450 metabolism, nephrolithiasis |
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Term
| atazanavir sulfate (reyataz) |
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Definition
| PI--modified peptide (HIV) --P450 metabolism |
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Term
| chloroquine (aralen) and hydroxychloroquine (plaquenil) |
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Definition
| blood schizonticide--inhibits plasmodium feeding (treatment/prophylaxis of malaria) |
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Term
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Definition
| blood schizonticide--inhibits plasmodium feeding (chloroquine resistant malaria) --cinchonism, neuromuscular blockade, myocardial depression |
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Term
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Definition
| blood schizonticide--inhibits plasmodium feeding (chloroquine resistant malaria) --cinchonism, neuromuscular blockade, myocardial depression |
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Term
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Definition
| blood schizonticide--inhibits plasmodium feeding (treatment/prophylaxis of chloroquine resistant malaria, especially P. falciparum) --ataxia, psychotic rxns, seizures |
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Term
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Definition
| blood schizonticide--generates free radicals (drug of choice for chloroquine resistant P. falciparum) |
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Term
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Definition
| tissue schizonticide (P. vivax/ovale malarial treatment) --hemolytic anemia |
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Term
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Definition
| antihelminth--Inhibits microtubule polymerization & microtubule dependent glucose uptake (Pinworms, Asymptomatic round worms, Hookworm, Neurocysticercosis d/t Taenia solium (pork tapeworm)) |
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Term
| pyrantel (antiminth, pin-x) |
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Definition
| antihelminth--Activates cholinergic nicotinic-Rs in muscles of nematode leading to Paralysis of worm (Pinworm, Heavy infections round worms) |
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Term
| praziquantel (biltricide) |
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Definition
| antihelminth--Induces muscle contraction then spastic paralysis, ↑ Ca2+ ion influx (cestodes ex: taenia's) |
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Term
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Definition
| antiprotozoan--Binds intracellular macromolecules inhibiting DNA Synthesis (symptomatic amebiasis, Giardiasis, Trichomonas vaginalis, Anaerobic bacteria, C. Diff (+), B. fragilis (-)) |
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Term
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Definition
| antiprotozoan (Asymptomatic carriers of Amebiasis (entamoeba histolytica)) --neurotoxic, optic neuritis |
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Term
|
Definition
| antiprotozoan--Inhibits protein synthesis, Binds 30S ribosomal unit (Asymptomatic carriers of Amebiasis, Cryptosporidiosis in AIDS pts) --aminoglycoside so nephrotoxic and ototoxic |
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