Term
| During protein synthesis in eukaryotes, the first amino acid incorporated into the polypeptide chain is? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 5' terminal cap structure of eukaryotic mRNA is an |
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Definition
| 7' - methylcytosine joined to the mRNA via a 5' to 5' triphosphate linkage |
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Term
| Each tRNA contains trinucleotide sequence known as an _____ that is completeary to an mRNA codon specifying the tRNA's amino acid. |
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Definition
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Term
| How does RNA polymerase known which DNA strand to use as a template for transcription? |
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Definition
| RNA polymerase binds to a specific DNA sequence called the promoter, which is present on only one strand for a given gene. |
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Term
| In eukaryotes, mRNAs are synthesized in the cell____, whereas most translation occurs in the ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| At the ribosome the template mRNA is translated in the ____ direction, while the protein is synthesized in the ___ direction. |
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Definition
| 5' to 3'; N-terminal to C terminal |
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Term
| At the replication fork the ____ strand is synthesized continously while the ___ strand is synthesized discontinously. |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA replication in E. coli begins at a site in the DNA called the |
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Definition
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Term
| The process in which the gentic information present in an mRNA specifies the sequence of amino acids during protein synthesis is called |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA polymerase requires a/an ___ for synthesis of DNA to occur. |
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Definition
| DNA template, RNA primer, Free 3' -OH end of a DNA strand |
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Term
| Which of the following types of RNA is an integral part of the ribosome? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| E.coli DNA polymerase III |
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Definition
| is the principal DNA polymerase in DNA replication |
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Term
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Definition
| segment of DNA that is an intermediate in the synthesis of lagging strand |
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Term
| A nucleic acid is a polymer of |
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Definition
| nucleotides held together by 3'-5' phosphodiester linkages. |
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Term
| Which of the following nucleic acid bases is NOT in DNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| RNA can base-pair intramolecularly by forming _____ structures. |
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Definition
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Term
| Histones are ____ that are usually associated with ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following deoxyolignucleotides will hybridize with a DNA containing the sequence 5' AGACTGGTC 3' to form a double strand? |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of RNA synthesis using a DNA molecule as a template is called |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA, the base pair ____ is held together by three hydrogen bonds; the base pair ___ has only two such bonds. |
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Definition
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Term
| Compounds that contain a nitrogenous base, a pentose, and a phosphate group are called ____ |
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Definition
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Term
| Individual amino acids are attached to their corresponding tRNAs: |
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Definition
| Through an ester linkage to the 3' -OH in the acceptor stem. |
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Term
| The large RNA protein complex that processes introns and exons is called ____. |
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Definition
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Term
| A gene contains two 100 bp (base pair) introns and three 50 bp exons. About how long is the mature RNA transcribed from this gene? |
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Definition
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Term
| Sequences that are removed from the primary RNA transcript in eukaryotes are called |
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Definition
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Term
| The process of DNA synthesis is called |
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Definition
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Term
| Messenger RNA in eukaryotes is synthesized by an enzyme called: |
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Definition
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Term
| DNA wraps around an octamer of histones to form bead-like structures called. |
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Definition
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Term
| About how many nucleosomes could be made from a DNA strand consisting of 1000 base pairs? |
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Definition
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Term
| The 3' to 5' exonuclease activity of E. coli DNA polymerase III accounts for the ___ of polymerization. |
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Definition
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Term
| The unambiguity and degeneracy of the genetic code can best be respectively exemplified by which of the following? |
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Definition
| UUU codes only for phenolalanie (Phe), UUU and UUC both code for Phe |
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Term
| Which posttranscriptional modification serves to identify the eukaryotic translation start site? |
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Definition
| 5' cap consisting of 7- methylguanosine |
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Term
| The linkage of amino acids to form a protein is |
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Definition
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Term
| Phosphorylation that change an enzyme's activity is an example of |
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Definition
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Term
| As a newly synthesized protein molecule leaves the ribosome, it may be aided in folding by: |
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Definition
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Term
| As the polypeptide chain is synthesized, it must move from the amino acid site of the ribosome to the peptide site in order for a new tRNA molecule to come in and bind at the amino acid site. What is the source of energy which powers this translocation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What source of energy does aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase need to attach an amino acid to its tRNA? |
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Definition
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Term
| Amino acids are carried to the site of protein synthesis by: |
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Definition
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Term
| During replication, strands of DNA would become highly tangled were it not for an enzyme called: |
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Definition
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Term
| During replication, one strand of the original DNA pair is incorporated into each of the new strands. This type of replication is described as: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following is TRUE about the role of enzymes in catalyzing chemical reactions? |
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Definition
| enzymes increase the rate of reactions by lowering the activation energy of a reaction. |
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Term
| The organic molecule produced DIRECTLY by photosynthesis is: |
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Definition
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Term
| Major structural differences between RNA and DNA include: |
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Definition
| DNA is usually double stranded and contains deoxyribose and thymine. |
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Term
| Which of the following is a peptide hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| All of the statements below about metabolism are true Except: |
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Definition
| Metabolism is not characterized by single reactions with large energy releases. |
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Term
| The three-dimensional struture of macromolecules is formed and maintained primarily through noncovalent interactions. Which one of the following is NOT considered a noncovalent interaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| Replication results in a number of small pieces of DNA (Okazaki fragment). These are joined by enzymes called. |
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Definition
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Term
| In DNA, a cytosine base on one strand pairs with another base on the complementary strand. Which one? |
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Definition
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Term
| In humans MOST fatty acid synthesis takes place in: |
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Definition
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Term
| The complete set of mRNA produced within a cell is called its |
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Definition
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Term
| Proteins contain _____ that act as targeting signals to direct proteins to specific subcellular localization. |
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Definition
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Term
| Of the two types of diabetes, which of the following situations is unique to type II diabetes? |
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Definition
| an inability to respond insulin |
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Term
| One distinction between peptide and steriod hormones is that peptide hormones: |
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Definition
| bind to cell surface receptors, whereas steroid hormones are water soluble. |
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Term
| When blood glucose is abnormally high, the pancreas releases: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following pathways is stimulated by glucagon? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| the production of lactate from glucogen in skeletal muscle with the resynthesis of glucose from lactate in liver. |
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Term
| In animal cells, where does fatty acid synthesis occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Cyanide and carbon monoxide are lethal poisons because they can block ____ in mitochondria. |
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Definition
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Term
| Opposing anabolic and catabolic pathways are often controlled at one or more unique steps in each pathway, which is? |
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Definition
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Term
| Gluconeogenesis is the biosynthesis of glucose from simpler, non carbohydrate precursers such as: |
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Definition
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Term
| The main function of the pentose phosphate pathway is to: |
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Definition
| provide energy and reducing power |
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Term
| The largest energy storage form in a well-nourished animal is: |
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Definition
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Term
| During periods of fasting, when carbohydrate reserves have been exhausted, ____ can provide the glucose used for metabolism in tissues such as brain and erythrocytes. |
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Definition
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Term
| Many proteins are processed by posttranslational modifications which include: |
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Definition
| removal of N terminal methionine residue via proteolytic cleavage, phosphorylation, methylation, glycosylation |
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Term
| The complete set of proteins produced within a cell is called its |
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Definition
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Term
| The complete set of an organism's DNA is called its |
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Definition
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Term
| Transcriptionally inactive genes |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the first step in gene expression control? |
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Definition
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Term
| A key reaction in gene activation is the acetylation of this (these) amino acids in histones. |
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Definition
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Term
| Genes expressed at all times and in all cells are subject to ___ expression. |
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Definition
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Term
| Eukaryotic translational control of gene expression includes: |
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Definition
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Term
| Which of the following statements about gene expression is FALSE? |
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Definition
| The different cell types in a multicellular organism have the same pattern of gene expression. |
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Term
| Which of the following molecules is NOT a gene product? |
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Definition
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Term
| An activator protein involved gene regulation can have the following domains, EXCEPT |
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Definition
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