Term
Global Warming
Explain how and why carbon dioxide content changes the greenhouse effect in our atmosphere. |
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Definition
The concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) in Earth's atmosphere is of interest because of its impact on the greenhouse effect. The level has increased markedly in the 21st century, at a rate of 2.0 ppm/yr during 2000–2009 and faster since then.
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Term
Carbon Dioxide
Does carbon dioxide contain molecules?
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Definition
| Carbon dioxide is a molecule (in and of itself) and is a gas (provided there is more than one molecule of CO2 around). So no. But Carbon Dioxide gas certainly does. |
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Term
Greenhouse Effect
Why does carbon dioxide content changes the greenhouse effect in our atmosphere? |
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Definition
| The level has increased markedly in the 21st century, at a rate of 2.0 ppm/yr during 2000–2009 and faster since then.[ |
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Term
Greenhouse gases
What are greenhouse gases? |
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Definition
| Many greenhouse gases occur naturally, such as water vapor, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, and ozone. Others such as hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs), perfluorocarbons (PFCs), andsulfur hexafluoride (SF6) result exclusively from human industrial processes. |
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Term
Mantlle
What layer is the mantle in? |
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Definition
| The mantle is one of the three main layers of the Earth. It lies between the innermost layer, the core, and the thin outermost layer, the crust. The mantle consists of hot,dense, semisolid rock and is about 2,900 kilometers (1,802 miles) thick. |
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Term
Crust
Where is the crust located? |
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Definition
| The crust is only about 3-5 miles (8 kilometers) thick under the oceans(oceanic crust) and about 25 miles (32 kilometers) thick under the continents (continental crust). The temperatures of the crust vary from air temperature on top to about 1600 degrees Fahrenheit (870 degrees Celcius) in the deepest parts of the crust. You can bake a loaf of bread in your oven at 350 degrees Fahrenheit , at 1600 degrees F. rocks begin to melt. |
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Term
Inner, Outer Core
What is the difference between the inner and outer core of the Earth? |
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Definition
| The inner core appears to be solid, the outer core liquid. Composition is roughly the same nickel-iron mix. Pressure and temperature are greater in the inner core. |
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Term
Asnthospehere
Where is the ^ located? |
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Definition
| Directly below the lithosphere. The asthenosphere is located between 100-350 km below the surface of the Earth. The Asthenosphere is a ductile yet solid layer located inthe upper mantle. |
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Term
Lithosphere
What is the ^ ? |
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Definition
| The lithosphere is the solid, rocky layer covering the entire surface of the planet, composed of the crust and the hard uppermost mantle, and reacts to stresses as a brittle solid. The lithosphere ranges in thickness from 50 - 200 kmA and is fragmented into tectonic plates with boundaries where plates collide, diverge, or grind past each other. |
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Term
Convection Currents
Where are convention currents? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Trained as an astronomer, but working mostly as a meteorologist, Wegener is primarily remembered for his contribution to geology, the theory of continental drift. He named and described Pangaea and provided cogent arguments as to how this supercontinent broke into today's separate continents about 200,000,000 years ago. Although Wegener was not the first to recognize the breakup and separation of continents, he was the most effective advocate for the idea.
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Term
Theory of Continental Drift
What is the theory? |
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Definition
Large-scale movements of continents over the course of geologic time. The first complete theory of continental drift was proposed in 1912 by Alfred Wegener, who postulated that a single supercontinent, which he called Pangea, fragmented late in the Triassic Period (approximately 250200 million years ago) and that the parts began to move away from one another. He pointed to the similarity of rock strata in the Americas and Africa as evidence to support his hypothesis. Wegener's ideas received support from the concepts of seafloor spreading and plate tectonics beginning in the 1960s. The modern theory states that the Americas were joined with Europe and Africa until 190 million years ago, when they split apart along what is now the Mid-Atlantic Ridge. Subsequent tectonic plate movements took the continents to their present positions.
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Term
Convergent Plate Boundaries
Define ^? |
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Definition
In plate tectonics, a convergent boundary, also known as a destructive plate boundary (because of subduction), is an actively deforming region where two (or more) tectonic plates or fragments of lithosphere move toward one another and collide. As a result of pressure, friction, and plate material melting in the mantle, earthquakes and volcanoes are common near convergent boundaries. When two plates move towards one another, they form either a subduction zone or a continental collision. This depends on the nature of the plates involved. In a subduction zone, the subducting plate, which is normally a plate with oceanic crust, moves beneath the other plate, which can be made of either oceanic or continental crust. During collisions between two continental plates, large mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas are formed.
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Term
Divergent Plate Boundaries
Define ^? |
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Definition
In plate tectonics, a divergent boundary or divergent plate boundary (also known as a constructive boundary or an extensional boundary) is a linear feature that exists between two tectonic plates that are moving away from each other. Divergent boundaries within continents initially produce rifts which producerift valleys. Most active divergent plate boundaries occur between oceanic plates and exist as mid-oceanic ridges. Divergent boundaries also form volcanic islands which occur when the plates move apart to produce gaps which molten lava rises to fill.
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Term
Transform Fault Plate Boundaries
what do ^ cause? |
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Definition
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Term
Theory of Plate Tectonics
What is the answer of Plate tectonics? |
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Definition
The answer is plate tectonics, the name both of a theory and of a specialization of tectonics. As an area of study, plate tectonics deals with the large features of the lithosphere and the forces that fashion them. As a theory, it explains the processes that have shaped Earth in terms of plates (large movable segments of the lithosphere) and their movement. Plate tectonics theory brings together aspects of continental drift, seafloor spreading (discussed later), seismic and volcanic activity, and the structures of Earth's crust to provide a unifying model of Earth's evolution
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Term
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Definition
An earthquake is a tremor of the earth's surface usually triggered by the release of underground stress along fault lines. This release causes movement in masses of rock and resulting shock waves. In spite of extensive research and sophisticated equipment, it is impossible to predict an earthquake, although experts can estimate the likelihood of an earthquake occurring in a particular region
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Term
elastic rebound theory
What is the ^? |
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Definition
The elastic rebound theory was developed by Harry Fielding Reid, an American geophysicist who was studying the 1906 San Francisco earthquake.
He observed that points on the Earth's surface distant from the San Andreas fault had gradually moved prior to the earthquake whereas points on the surface directly on and around the fault had not.
During the earthquake the points next to the fault zone which had originally been static had suddenly shifted to match up with the points at a greater distance from the locked fault zone.
He concluded that this was due to the accumulation of elastic strain within the Earth's crust around the fault zone and that when the stress that caused this strain exceeded the strength of the rock mass or fault zone in the crust it suddenly ruptured. This caused the stored energy (termed elastic potential energy) to be released in one instant, causing an earthquake, and also meant that the rock mass around the fault zone that had originally been locked in position, snapped or rebounded to match the position of the rock mass at a greater distance from the fault. As such he coined the term "elastic rebound" to describe this phenomenon. |
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Term
earthquake enegry
Where is the energy of an earthquake stored before the earthquake? |
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Definition
| It is stored in the form of elastic strain (also known as elastic potential energy) in the rocks of the crust as they deform under stress. |
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Term
primary waves
what can ^ travel through?
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Definition
| They travel through solids, liquids and gases. |
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Term
locating and earthquakes
how do you locate earthquakes?
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Definition
| an eartquake is located by two seismic waves |
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Term
secondary waves
how are secondary waves and primary waves different
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Definition
rimary, or P waves, are the first waves felt because they are the fastest. They move in a compressional, "push-pull" manner These waves can travel through liquid, solid and gaseous matter.
Secondary, or S waves, are felt next. These waves move in an oscillatory, "up and down" manner similar to shaking a rope that temporarily changes the shape of the material they're traveling through. Because liquids respond to changes in volume but not shape, they will not transmit S waves. |
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Term
surface waves
what are surface waves |
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Definition
| Surface waves are the slowest of the three waves. They cause the most damage because the kind of are thrown sideways and forward at the same time |
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Term
seismograms
what is a ^ ? |
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Definition
A seismogram is a recording of ground motion at a particular ground location, as collected by aseismometer. Multiple seismograms, taken from different locations, can be analyzed to determine the magnitude, depth and location of an earthquake.
Seismograms used to be recorded on paper by seismograph machines, but virtually all seismograms are recorded digitally, today, since computers are essential to accurately process the simultaneous readings from hundreds of seismometers. |
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Term
epicenter
How do seismologists locate the epicenter of an earthquake?
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Definition
To locate an earthquake, you need the data from at least three seismometer stations. The process is known as triangulation and is described in more detail below.
The seismometer records the time when the P and S-waves arrive at the recording station. P-waves travel faster through the earth than S-waves and so they arrive at the seismometer station before the S-waves and are recorded by the seismometer first.
The difference in arrival time between the two types of seismic wave can be used to calculate the distance of the earthquake's epicentre from the seismometer, as the further away an earthquake is, the greater the lag time between the detection of the S waves relative to the P waves (imagine two cars racing against each other. They both set off at the same time from the same place, but one car has a slightly higher top speed than the other car. At first they will be pretty close together, but the longer the race goes on (as time increases / the further they travel) the faster car will get further and further away, from the slower car). Based on properties of the crust, and many trials, a seismologist can calculate how far away an earthquake is from a station based just on the S-P lag time.
As velocity is equal to distance divided by time, we can write equations for the P and S waves arrival times (TP and TS) as follows: |
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Term
Focus
Where is the focus in an earthquake? |
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Definition
| The focus of an earthquake is the point where the rocks start to fracture. It is the origin of the earthquake. The epicenter is the point on land directly above the focus. |
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Term
Mercalli Scale
What does the Mercalli scale measure or used for? |
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Definition
| The Mercalli intensity scale is a seismic scale that is used for computing the strength of an earthquake. The scale calculates the aftermath of an earthquake based on the observations of the people who experienced the earthquake, objects of nature and man-made constructions on a scale from I to XII. |
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Term
Richter Scale
What does the Richter scale measure? |
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Definition
The most common standard of measurement for an earthquake is the Richter scale, developed in 1935 by Charles F. Richter of the California Institute of Technology. The Richter scale is used to rate the magnitude of an earthquake -- the amount of energy it released. This is calculated using information gathered by a seismograph.
Source(s): |
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Term
Earthquake Hazards
Define the ^. |
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Definition
| The first main earthquake hazard (danger) is the effect of ground shaking. Buildings can be damaged by the shaking itself or by the ground beneath them settling to a different level than it was before the earthquake |
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Term
Volcanoes
What are volcanoes? |
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Definition
- A mountain or hill, typically conical, having a crater or vent through which lava, rock fragments, hot vapor, and gas are or have been...
- An intense suppressed emotion or situation liable to burst out suddenly.
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Term
Ring of Fire
Where is the ring of fire located? |
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Definition
We now know that the Ring of Fire is located at the borders of the Pacific Plate and other major tectonic plates.
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Term
Composite
What is a ^ valcanoe? |
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Definition
| , Composite volcanoes form when runny lava escapes through a fissure and flows a long way. Composite volcanoes are tall cone-shaped mountains that are typically steeply-sided, symmetrical cones of large dimensions. The essential feature of a composite volcano is a conduit system through which magma from a reservoir deep in the earth's crust rises to the surface. The volcano is built up by the accumulation of material erupted through the conduit and increases in size as lava, cinders, ash etc. are added to its slopes. |
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Term
Sheild
How does a Shield valcanoe look? |
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Definition
| They have sloping sides and look sort of like hills. The can look like giant shields laying on the ground. |
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Term
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Definition
Cinder cone volcanoes are the most common kind of volcanoes.They are steep sided cones of basaltic fragments and are smaller and simpler than composite volcanoes. Streaming gases carry liquid lava blobs into the atmosphere that fall back to earth around a single vent to form the cone. The volcano forms when ash, cinders and bombs pile up around the vent to form a circular or oval cone.
Cinders are melted volcanic rock that cooled and formed pebble-sized pieces when it was thrown out into the air. They are ejected from a single vent and accumulate around the vent when they fall back to earth. |
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Term
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Definition
- Volcanic Earthquakes
- Directed Blast
- Tephra
- Volcanic Gases
- Lava Flows
- Debris Avalanches, Landslides, and Tsunamis
- Pyroclastic Surge
- Pyroclastic Flows
- Lahars
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Term
troposhere
Where is the troposhere located? |
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Definition
1 year ago
The troposphere is the lowest layer of the Earth's atmosphere. It has a height of seven to 20 kilometer above sea level. Weather activity occurs within this level and almost all clouds form in the earth's troposphere. It is cold up there and temperatures can go down as low as -55 degrees Celsius.You can read more about the troposphere at
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Term
Stratosphere
Where is the stratosphere located? |
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Definition
| The stratosphere is the second major layer of Earth's atmosphere, just above the troposphere, and below the mesosphere. It is stratified in temperature, with warmer layers higher up and cooler layers farther down. This is in contrast to the troposphere near the Earth's surface, which is cooler higher up and warmer farther down. The border of the troposphere and stratosphere, the tropopause, is marked by where this inversion begins, which in terms of atmospheric thermodynamics is the equilibrium level. The stratosphere is situated between about 10 km (6 miles) and 50 km (31 miles) altitude above the surface at mid-latitudes, while at the poles it starts at about 8 km (5 miles) altitude. |
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Term
Ozone layer
What is the ozone layer? |
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Definition
| The ozone layer is a deep layer in the stratosphere, encircling the Earth, that has large amounts of ozone in it. The layer shields the entire Earth from much of the harmful ultraviolet radiation that comes from the sun. |
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Term
mesosphere
Where is the mesospere located? |
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Definition
| it is under the asthenosphere and is part of the upper mantle |
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Term
Thermosphere
Where is the thermospere located? |
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Definition
| The thermosphere is the layer of the Earth's atmosphere directly above the ... about 200 km altitude and vary with geographic location, time, and solar activity. |
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Term
ionspere
where is the ionsphere located? |
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Definition
The ionosphere is located in the thermosphere.
Located within the thermosphere, the ionosphere is made of electrically charged gas particles (ionized). The ionosphere extends from 37 to 190 miles (60-300 km) above the earth's surface. It is divided into three regions or layers; the F-Region, E-Layer and D-layer. During the daytime the F-Layer splits into two layers and recombines at night. |
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Term
Water Cycle
What is the order of the water cycle? |
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Definition
Evaporation. The sun heats water in rivers, lakes, and the ocean and turns it into vapor or steam, which then rises into the air.
Condensation. The vapor cools and turns into tiny water droplets that attach to each other and form clouds.
Precipitation. Water falls from the clouds as rain, snow, sleet, or hail.
Runoff. Some water stays on the earth’s surface and flows into rivers, lakes, reservoirs, etc.
Percolation. Other water seeps down into the earth’s natural underground reservoirs called aquifers.
Then the cycle begins again, as water from the earth’s surface evaporates into the air. |
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Term
Forms of Precipitation
What are the forms of precipitation? |
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Definition
| rain,snow,sleet,freezing rain, hail |
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Term
Humidity
Does humidity effect evaporation? |
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Definition
For water, higher humidity decreases evaporation because more water is present in the atmosphere. Less water will diffuse into the atmosphere. If it's at 100% humidity, there's no net evaporation.
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Term
Dew Point
What is the dew point? |
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Definition
| The atmospheric temperature (varying according to pressure and humidity) below which water droplets begin to condense and dew can form. |
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Term
High Pressure
Does high pressure effect |
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Definition
| A high atmospheric pressure causes water to evaporate into the atmosphere. As the moisture rises into the atmosphere is cools and condences into water droplets, ice, or snow. The moist air causes an atmosphereic low pressure and precipation is the result. |
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Term
Low Pressure
Does Low pressure effect density of a fluid |
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Definition
f the fluid is saturated steam, the density (kg/m3) is higher by given higher pressure while the specific steam volume (m3/kg) is lower.
if the fluid is cold water, the same temperature, no change in density.
if the fluid is hot water, saturated, the density is higher by given higher pressure. |
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Term
Isobars
What are isobars? |
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Definition
- A line on a map connecting points having the same atmospheric pressure at a given time or on average over a given period.
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Term
Isotherms
What are isotherms? |
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Definition
| Isotherms are lines of equal temperature. |
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Term
Four main types of air masses
What are ^? |
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Definition
| Continental Air masses, maritime air masses, tropical air masses, and polar air masses |
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Term
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Definition
| The boundary of an advancing mass of warm air, in particular the leading edge of the warm sector of a low-pressure system. |
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Term
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Definition
| The boundary of an advancing mass of cold air. |
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Term
stationary front
what is a ^? |
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Definition
| A stationary front is a boundary between two different air masses, neither of which is strong enough to replace the other. On a weather... |
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Term
Startus clouds
how do they stratus clouds look? |
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Definition
| "Stratus" is the Latin word for layer or blanket. Stratus clouds form a low layer that can cover the entire sky like a blanket, bringing generally bleak, dull, and gray weather. |
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Term
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Definition
| It looks all white and puffy. It is like a cotton ball or popcorn. |
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Term
Cirris Clouds
How they look? |
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Definition
| A cirrus cloud is a thin and wispy cloud composed of ice crystals. They are the highest of clouds, forming in the upper troposphere. They may be thick enough to partially obscure the sunlight, or so tenuous as to be nearly invisible. |
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Term
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Definition
The term Climate equates to 'the average weather conditions in a certain place and during all of the certain seasons'; climate is the sum total of any and all weather like rainy, hail, sleet, snowy and stormy.
Climate encompasses the statistics of temperature, humidity, atmospheric pressure differentials that create Wind, rainfall, atmospheric particle count and numerous other meteorologicalelements in any given region.
Climate is the average and variations of weather over long periods of time. Climate zones can be defined using parameters such as temperature and rainfall. Paleoclimatology focuses on ancient climate information derived from sediment found in lake beds, ice cores, as well as various fauna and flora including tree rings and coral. Climate models can be used to determine the amount of climate change anticipated in the future. |
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Term
Weather
What kinds of weather does each type of cloud perdict or have? |
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Definition
Cumulus=fair weather
Stratus= rain
Nimbus=thunderstrom,hail,snow,rain
Cirrus= fair weather
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Term
| What are the 3 main climate zones of the world? |
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Definition
| Tropical, Temperate and Polar |
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Term
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Definition
Biomes are the major communities of the world. they are characterized by distinct vegetation and animals. Climate , temperature and rainfall determine to a large extent the biomes of the world.
Example: Deserts, Forests, Marine, Rainforests, and Tundra |
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Term
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Definition
| desert biomes are deserts that can be hot and cold and have specific animals and plants that can live there like cactus, camels and jackrabbits |
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Term
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Definition
| forests occupy approximately one-third of Earth's land area, account for over two-thirds of the leaf area of land plants, and contain about 70% of carbon present in living things. They have been held in reverence in folklore and worshipped in ancient religions. However, forests are becoming major casualties of civilization as human populations have increased over the past several thousand years, bringing deforestation, pollution, and industrial usage problems to this important biome. |
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Term
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Definition
| are large, rolling terrains of grasses, flowers and herbs. Latitude, soil and local climates for the most part determine what kinds of plants grow in a particular grassland. A grassland is a region where the average annual precipitation is great enough to support grasses, and in some areas a few trees. |
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Term
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Definition
- Extremely cold climate
- Low biotic diversity
- Simple vegetation structure
- Limitation of drainage
- Short season of growth and reproduction
- Energy and nutrients in the form of dead organic material
- Large population oscillations
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Term
What is Thunderstorm Ingredients have?
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Definition
| Its produced by a cumulonimbus cloud, usually producing gusty winds, heavy rain and sometimes hail. |
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Term
What is in Thunderstorm life stages?
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Definition
| A thunderstorm, also known as an electrical storm, a lightning storm, thundershower or simply a storm, is a form of turbulent weather characterized by the presence of lightning and its acoustic effect on the Earth's atmosphere known as thunder.[1] The meteorologically assigned cloud type associated with the thunderstorm is the cumulonimbus. |
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Term
| what are is single cell thunderstorm? |
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Definition
| Single cell storms typically do not produce severe weather and usually last for 20-30 minutes. Also known as pulse storms, single cell storms seem quite random (perhaps because of our lack of understanding) in the production of brief severe events such as downbursts, hail, some heavy rainfall, and occasional weak tornadoes. |
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Term
Describe Multiply-cell thunderstorm.
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Definition
| is a thunderstorm that is composed of multiple cells, each being at a different stage in the life cycle of a thunderstorm. |
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Term
Describe super cell thunerstorm.
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Definition
| is a thunderstorm that is characterized by the presence of a mesocyclone: a deep, persistently rotating updraft. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a line of thunderstorms that can form along or ahead of a cold front |
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Term
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Definition
| is a massive electrostatic discharge between electrically charged regions within clouds, or between a cloud and the Earth's surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| is caused by the rapid heating (and then cooling) of the air from lightning. |
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Term
Tornados
How are tornadoes formed and categorized? |
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Definition
| Tornadoes are categorized according to the damage they cause, using what is known as the Enhanced Fujita Tornado Intensity Scale |
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Term
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Definition
| is a scale for rating tornado intensity, based primarily on the damage tornadoes inflict on human-built structures and vegetation. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a colloquial term for the area of the United States where tornadoes are most frequent. |
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Term
Hurricane
What are the basic ingredients necessary for a hurricane to form? |
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Definition
| Hurricanes only form over really warm ocean water of 80°F or warmer. |
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Term
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Definition
| is a 1 to 5 rating based on a hurricane's sustained wind speed. This scale estimates potential property damage. Hurricanes reaching Category 3 and higher are considered major hurricanes because of their potential for significant loss of life and damage. Category 1 and 2 storms are still dangerous, however, and require preventative measures. In the western North Pacific, t |
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Term
| What does Surface Observation Symbol consist of? |
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Definition
| are the fundamental data used for safety as well as climatological reasons to forecast weather and issue warnings worldwide. |
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Term
Kinetic Energy
Compare and contrast Kinetic versus potential energy |
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Definition
| Kinetic energy is energy possessed by a body by virtue of its movement. Potential energy is the energy possessed by a body by virtue of its position or state. |
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Term
Formula for Calculating Kinetic energy
What is the formula of kinetic energy? |
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Definition
Given: Mass of the body m = 250 Kg,
Velocity v = 10 m/s,
Kinetic energy is given by K.E = 12 mv2
= 12 × 250 Kg (10 m/s)2
= 12500 Kgm2/s2. |
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Term
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Definition
| An object can store energy as the result of its position. |
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Term
| What is the Formulating for Calculating Potential Energy? And an example of the problem |
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Definition
PEgrav = mass • g • height |
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Term
Chemical Energy
What are examples of chemical energy and the definition? |
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Definition
| is the potential of a chemical substance to undergo a transformation through a chemical reaction or, to transform other chemical substances. Examples include batteries and light bulbs and cells etc. |
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Term
Mechanical Energy
Example and definition of mechanical energy |
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Definition
| is the sum of potential energy and kinetic energy. It is the energy associated with the motion and position of an object. examples is anything that is motion. |
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Term
Nuclear energy
What is the definiton of Neclear energy? |
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Definition
| The energy released by the nucleus of an atom as the result of nuclear fission, nuclear fusion, or radioactive decay. The amount of energy released by the nuclear fission of a given mass of uranium is about 2,500,000 times greater than that released by the combustion of an equal mass of carbon. |
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Term
Electrical Energy
What is Electrical Energy? |
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Definition
| A form of power created by the movement of electrons |
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Term
Thermal Energy
What is thermal energy? |
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Definition
| is the internal energy of an object due to the kinetic energy of its atoms and/or molecules. |
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Term
Energy Transformation
What are the five examples of Energy Transformation?
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Definition
television-electrical energy->light energy->sound energy->heat energy
car-chemical energy->mechanical energy->sound energy->heat energy
light bulb-electrical energy->light energy->heat energy
rubber duck-kinetic energy->elastic energy->sound energy
match-chemical energy->light energy->heat energy |
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Term
Law of Conservation Of energy
what is law of conservation?
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Definition
| The law of conservation of energy is a law of science that states that energy cannot be created or destroyed, but only changed from one form into another or transferred from one object to another. |
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Term
Fossil Fuels
List and describe the types,formation,and sources of fossil fuels. |
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Definition
| Coal, natural gas, and oil are all examples of fossil fuels. Coal was formed in the warm tropical swamps that were located near the equator. It must be mined, that is the only way to get to it. Natural gas was formed by bacteria partially decomposed the organic materials mixed with sediment. This released methane gas as a waste product. This gas makes up part of the natural gas we use for energy. Oil was formed in a similar way. Millions of years ago earth was covered with shallow seas. Rivers carried sediments into these seas. Organisms that died were also washed into the seas as part of the sediment. Scientists believe that oil formed from those decayed plants and animals. |
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Term
Coal,Oil,Natural Gas
Are these renewable or nonrenewable? |
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Definition
Coal and Natural Gas is non-renewable
Oil is renewable |
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Term
Alternative Energy
How does using alternative energy sources help the environment? |
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Definition
| because of the variety of energy choices and differing goals of their advocates, defining some energy types as "alternative" is highly controversial. |
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Term
Solar energy
what is solar energy? what does it do?
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Definition
| radiant light and heat from the sun, has been harnessed by humans since ancient times using a range of ever-evolving technologies. |
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Term
Wind Energy
What are some pros and cons of wind energy? |
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Definition
pros:
- The creation of wind energy is "clean". Unlike the use of coal or oil, generating energy from the wind doesn't produce pollutants or require any harmful chemicals.
- Wind is free. If you live in a geographical location that receives plenty of wind, it is there for the taking.
- As a renewable resource, wind can never be depleted like other natural, non-renewable resources.
- Cons:
- Wind doesn't always blow consistently, and turbines typically operate at only 30 percent capacity. If the weather is not in your favor, you may end up without electricity (or at least you'll have to rely on the utility company).
- Severe storms or extremely high winds might cause damage to your wind turbine, especially when they are struck by lightning.
- The blades of wind turbines can sometimes be dangerous to wildlife, particularly birds.
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Term
Geothermal Energy
what is geothermal energy? |
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Definition
| is thermal energy generated and stored in the Earth. Thermal energy is the energy that determines the temperature of matter. The Geothermal energy of the Earth's crust originates from the original formation of the planet (20%) and from radioactive decay of minerals (80%). |
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Term
Hydroelectric energy
What are some advantages and disadvantages of hydroelectric energy? |
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Definition
Advantages= 1.Once a dam is constructed, electricity can be produced at a constant rate.
2. If electricity is not needed, the sluice gates can be shut, stopping electricity generation. The water can be saved for use another time when electricity demand is high.
Disavantages= 1. Dams are extremely expensive to build and must be built to a very high standard.
2. The high cost of dam construction means that they must operate for many decades to become profitable. |
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Term
Biomass Energy
What is biomass? And is it a renewable or nonrenewable source? |
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Definition
| is biological material from living, or recently living organisms, most often referring to plants or plant-derived materials. As a renewable energy source |
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Term
Tidal Energy
How does it work? |
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Definition
| Tidal energy is energy obtained from changing sea levels (the tide moving from high to low and vice versa.) This renewable energy source has great potential as tides are much more predictable than wind power and solar energy which are not at all consistent (seasons, bad weather, etc...) |
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Term
Renewable Energy
What is the difference between renewable energy and nonrenewable energy? |
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Definition
Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources that can be renewed. Wind, sunshine and water power are the most common.
Non-Renewable energy is energy obtained from sources that cannot be renewed. Examples of these are fossil fuels like coal, oil and natural gas. |
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Term
Non-Renewable energy
What are or some nonrenewable objects? |
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Definition
| Some examples are coal, oil, natural gas, and petroleum |
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Term
Electrons
When are the elctrons emitted to a condutor? |
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Definition
| Electrons are emitted from a conductor when the conductor is bombarded by high speed electrons. A conductor is a device that transmits electrons. It can also transmit electricity. |
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Term
Static Electricity
How does static electricity work? |
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Definition
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Term
Static Charge
What is static charge? |
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Definition
| is created whenever two surfaces contact and separate, and at least one of the surfaces has a high resistance to electrical current (and is therefore an electrical insulator.) |
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Term
Conductors
What can a conductor do? |
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Definition
| In a conductor, electric current can flow freely. |
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Term
Insulators
What can an insulator do? |
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Definition
| An insulator can't move freely.Metals such as copper typify conductors, while most non-metallic solids are said to be good insulators, having extremely high resistance to the flow of charge through them. |
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Term
Coulomb
What is a coulomb? An what the symbol for it? |
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Definition
(unit symbol: C) is the SI derived unit of electric charge (symbol: Q or q). It is defined as the charge transported by a steady current of one ampere in one second:
- [image]
One coulomb is also the amount of excess charge on the positive side of a capacitance of one farad charged to a potential difference of one volt:
- [image]
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Term
Volt
What is the symbol of a volt?
And and the equation to find volts? |
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Definition
The symbol is V.
Equation to find voltage is
V = I × R |
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Term
Resistance
A set of electric trains are powered by a 20 V battery. What is the reisistance of the trains if they draw 10 A of current? |
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Definition
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Term
Current Electricity
A flashligh bulb with votage of 40 V across its filament has a power output of 20 W. How much current is in the bulb filament? |
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Definition
40 V/ 20 ohms
= 2 amperes |
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Term
Ohm's Law
Understand Ohm's law. What is it?
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Definition
states that the current through a conductor between two points is directly proportional to the potential difference across the two points. Introducing the constant of proportionality, the resistance,one arrives at the usual mathematical equation that describes this relationship:
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Term
Formula for Calculating Resistance
What is the formula for ^? |
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Definition
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Term
Formula for Calculating Current
what is the formula for current? |
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Definition
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Term
Formula for Calculating Voltage
what is the formula for ^? |
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Definition
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Term
Series Circuits
Compare and contrast between series and parallel circuits.
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Definition
| Differences Differences Series Circuit Parallel Circuit one pathway two or more pathways current same anywhere Similarities current splits- passes in the circuit through pathways -adds up againvoltage shared in ratio converts electrical voltage across each to resistance energy to light, pathway equals heat, sound etc supply voltage resistance adds up- draws less current total resistance less-battery lasts longer than the least resistance - current drawn is less one bulb fuses, -battery life short circuit incomplete one bulb fuses, the others still go Brightness of bulbs less because P = IV Brightness of bulbs more |
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Term
Parallel Circuits
Explain what happens to appliances if one burns out ina series circuit or in a parallel circuit. |
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Definition
| In a series circuit if a light bulb burns out the whole cirucit won't work. An for a parallel circuit it will still work because they were sharing energy. |
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