Term
Which is true about horses?
a. stage one of labor should not exceed 20 minutes. If it does the fetus could die
b. fillies more commonly suffer from meconium impactions than do colts.
c. all foals should get colostrum within the first 8 hours of life.
d. a mare should complete stage three of labor by 8 hours post-partum
e. all of the above are true
f. none of the above are true |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What is the average gestation for a horse?
a. 9 months
b. 340 days
c. 220 days
d. 320 days
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When a mare is in the "transitional period", she...
a. has a high fever and diarrhea
b. has a normal body temperature and diarrhea.
c. needs to be fed extra grain because it takes more energy
d. shows signs of estrus but might not ovulate, and she may have cycles of abnormal length.
e. should be bred right away to increase the chances of getting her pregnant.
f. should not be bred at all because she is obviously abnormal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
When we measure the height of a horse we do so in "hands". How many inches are in a hand?
a. 1
b. 2
c. 3
d. 4 |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Which area is Dr. Lauras favorite to give an IM injection in a horse?
a. semimembranosis
b. gluteals
c. neck
d. pectorals
e. semitendonosis
f. jugular vein |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A horse has a cyathostome (small strongyle) infestation. What is it about this parasite that makes it unique and dangerous?
a. it attaches to the stomach lining and can cause an obstruction colic.
b. it prefers to reside at the ileo-cecal junction and can cause an obstruction colic.
c. it encysts in the guy wall for a period of time and when it emerges it can cause diarrhea and colic
d. it can cause epistaxis
e. it gradually gets bigger and bigger and then causes an obstruction colic. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where does the horse bot parasite larva live (what part of the GI tract)
a. illeocecal junction
b. small intestine
c. large colon
d. stomach
e. duodenum
f. cecum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
How often should a horse be dewormed?
a. every two weeks
b. once a year
c. weekly
d. late summer, early spring, and the end of the year.
e. twice a year and perhaps more depending on results of fecal exams
f. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
If we want a mare to start cycling earlier in the year than normal, what might we do?
a. trick her into thinking it is spring by giving her hormones
b. trick her into thinking it is spring by giving her grass hay.
c. trick her into thinking it is spring by putting her under artificial lights so she thinks the days are longer
d. a combination of all of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
What vaccine did I say was essential for every horse because they are so susceptible to the disease and they may need it more than once a year if wounded?
a. potomac horse fever
b. tetanus
c. strangles
d. influenza
e. rhinopneumonitis (herpes virus) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a mare is in stage 2 of labor, instead of seeing a white bulge at the vulva the owner sees a red velvety bulge. What is happening?
a. the chorionic placenta (part that lines the uterus) has detached prematurely.
b. the mare is having a normal birth
c. the foal is most likely malpositioned
d. the amnionic placenta (the part that immediately surrounds the foal) has detached
e. the mare is experiencing a rectovaginal tear |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
I talked about the outbreak of Foot and MOuth Disease in the UK. Which of the following is NOT TRUE?
a. cloven hoofed animals are susceptible to it
b. strict biosecurity measures had been followed
c. the disease can be spread easily on the wind or by visitors to the farm of infection going to another farm
d. at this point we do not have the disease in the United States. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You see a foal on the day it was born. It has entropion. Which of the following is NOT true?
a. the cornea can be damaged
b. it is repairable by placing stay sutures along the lower lid
c. it is not repairable and the foal will most likely lose the eye
d. the chances of recovery are good if properly treated |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A mare is pregnant. The owner should be advised to vaccinate her with which of the following vaccines at 5, 7, and 9 months of gestation to avoid possible abortion?
a. tetanus
b. strangles
c. potomac horse fever
d. rhinopneumonitis (herpes virus)
e. west nile disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A mare has just had a foal. While examining her you notice fecal matter in her vagina. What has most likely happened?
a. during birth the vagina was severely bruised
b. during birth the foal caused a rectovaginal tear
c. during birth the chorionic placental memebrane detached prematurely from the uterine lining.
d. the foal was malpositioned |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You see a foal on its first day of birth. He has contracted tendons at both knees (the carpus). I mentioned three ways of possibly fixing the problem. Which did I say is my LEAST favorite?
a. splinting the legs
b. having the owner perform physical therapy, that is, stretching the legs at the carpus
c. giving a drug (it is oxytetatracycline IV) for three days in a row to the foal |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
A mare is in stage two of labor. If it taked longer than _______ the mare is in trouble and may require obstetrical assistance.
a. 2 hrs.
b. 5 min.
c. 3 hrs
d. 20 min
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
You should be able to see a horses ribs but not feel them. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
The great lakes region of the USA has insufficient levels of selenium in the soil. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Meconium impactions and ruptured bladders are more common in fillies than in colts. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A "warmblood" is a mix of a pony and a light horse. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a zonkey, like a mule is sterile. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A horse has bot worms. If you performed a fecal exam you would see many eggs from this parasite. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
an owner has a mare he wants to bred on "foal heat". chances of her becoming pregnant are very good. T/F |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Terms for horses: a female less than 4 years of age is called a(n)_____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an intact male horse is called a(n)____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a male horse that has been castrated is called a(n)_____ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a cross between a donkey and a horse is called _______ |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the universal birthday of horses? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a horse weighs 1000 lbs. What is the minimum about of hay it should be fed daily? |
|
Definition
| 10 lbs of hay per day (min) |
|
|
Term
| give me two ways of pursuing biosecurity |
|
Definition
1. using all-in-all-out procedure
2. monitoring who enters and leaves farm |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean to "float" a horses teeth? |
|
Definition
| Floating a horses teeth means to file them down because the teeth are constantly erupting and jaws are uneven so points develop on the teeth that cause pain. |
|
|
Term
What does all in-all out mean? |
|
Definition
all-in-all-out means that when a farmer sends a group of animals out of the b arn they all go together and the area is sanitized completly before they new group of animals come into the barn... and always continuing this pattern. |
|
|
Term
| What does "live cover" mean? |
|
Definition
Live cover means natural breeding when a mare and stallion mate. |
|
|
Term
| You are attending a brood-mare who is foaling. you see her "water" break and she lies down and you see a white bulge at her vulva. The white bulge breaks open as she pushes and you see a tiny hoof protruding. What exactly should you see very shortly? |
|
Definition
after you see the first hoof, you should see the other front hoof dierctly following it, and the the nose and head. Foal should be in anterior dorsosacral position. Mare may take break after this but dont pull foal out, just make sure it is breathing. |
|
|
Term
What is a nose twitch? What is it used for? How should it be applied? |
|
Definition
| Nose twitch is a device used to retain the horse to perform medical procedures. You wrap around lip and twist enough until it releases endorphins in the horse that calm and relax it so you can do your medical work. Twisting too hard can cause reverse effect and be damaging to horse. wait about 30sec-1min for endorphins to be be released. make sure you stand to the side of the horse to avoid being kicked. |
|
|
Term
| How do you restrain a newborn foal? explain exactly how to get it, hold it, and also how to let it go. |
|
Definition
-first make sure mare is out of way b/c she will not want you touching her baby and try to hurt you
- grab chest and back end by wrapping your arms around at the same time
- when you release the foal make sure you release the fron first and push lightly toward mother
- remember: foals may have bad coordination when first born. |
|
|
Term
| give me one example why it might be advantageous to artificially inseminate a mare rather than letting a mare and stallion mate naturally |
|
Definition
| less risk of injury to the animals because the mares tend to kick and stallions can bite the mares. |
|
|
Term
| Where do you listen to guy sounds on a horse? |
|
Definition
| you listen to guy sounds on four quads right behind ribs in front of the stifle (knee) on both left and right sides on top of area and bottom of area. Hear gut sounds about every 10-15 seconds |
|
|
Term
| "it is the science of breeding, feeding, and tending of domestic animals. it encompasses all aspects of care, ultimately concerned with the well being of the animal" |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| name two ways that animal husbandry can be met. |
|
Definition
1. make sure animal has proper veterinarian care
2. make sure animal is fed a healthy diet and has good nutrition |
|
|
Term
| why is it best to breed a mare close to the end of her heat cycle? |
|
Definition
| a mare ovulates at the end of her estrous cycle and that is the best time for her conception |
|
|
Term
| the approximate normal temperature of a horse is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| the approximate normal heart rate of an average adult horse at rest is ... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| If you had t place an IV catheter in a horse where would you put it? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
you see a horse with blepharospasm, epiphora, and miosis. The tissue around teh eye has some swelling, and the cornea is womewhat cloudy. According to the owner this is not the first time that this has happened t that eye. What might you suspect is causing the problem?
a. the horse has equine influenza
b. the horse is allergic to mold in the hay
c. the horse is normal
d. the horse has Recurrent Uveitis (RU)
e. the horse has cushings disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
it is september. a horse is sick. he has a fever of 101.5, a heart rate of 44 bpm, pale pink mucous membranes, and his stool is the consistency of cow patties. Which disease of teh following choices would you most likely suspect?
a. equine herpes virus type 1 (EHV-1)
b. equine viral arteritis (EVA)
c. potomac horse fever
d. rabies
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
considering a horse with potomac horse fever, what other disease should you consider?
a. salmonellosis
b. equine infectious anemia (EIA)
c. tetanus
d. cushings disease
e. none of the above |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
a horse is colicking. which of the following parameters make you think this is a serious colic, possibly requiring surgery?
a. T= 99.5
b. HR= 72bpm
c. CRT= 1.5 seconds
d. pain medications wore off before you left the farm
e. both b and d above |
|
Definition
|
|
