Term
The annual report contains four basic financial statements: the income statement, the balance sheet, the cash flow statement, and statement of stockholders' equity.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The primary reason the annual report is important in finance is that it is used by investors when they form expectations about the firm's future earnings and dividends, and the riskiness of those cash flows.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Companies typically provide four basic financial statements: the fixed income statement, the current income statement, the balance sheet, and the cash flow statement.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
On the balance sheet, total assets must always equal the sum of total liabilities plus equity.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Assets other than cash are expected to produce cash over time, but the amount of cash they eventually produce could be higher or lower than the amounts at which the assets are carried on the books.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The amount shown on the December 31, 2011 balance sheet as "retained earnings" is equal to the firm's net income for 2011 minus any dividends it paid.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The income statement shows the difference between a firm's income and its costs--i.e., its profits--during a specified period of time. However, not all reported income comes in the form of cash, and reported costs likewise may not be consistent with cash outlays. Therefore, there may be a substantial difference between a firm's reported profits and its actual cash flow for the same period.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
If we were describing the income statement and the balance sheet, it would be correct to say that the income statement is more like a video while the balance sheet is more like a snapshot.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
EBIT stands for earnings before interest and taxes, and it is often called "operating income."
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
EBITDA stands for earnings before interest, taxes, debt, and assets.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Consider the following balance sheet, for Games Inc. Because Games has $800,000 of retained earnings, we know that the company would be able to pay cash to buy an asset with a cost of $200,000.
Cash $ 50,000 Accounts payable $ 100,000
Inventory 200,000 Accruals 100,000
Accounts receivable 250,000 Total CL $ 200,000
Total CA $ 500,000 Debt 200,000
Net fixed assets $ 900,000 Common stock 200,000
Retained earnings 800,000
Total assets $1,400,000 Total L & E $1,400,000
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Typically, the statement of stockholders' equity starts with total stockholders’ equity at the beginning of the year, adds net income, subtracts dividends paid, and ends up with total stockholders’ equity at the end of the year. Over time, a profitable company will have earnings in excess of the dividends it pays out, and will result in a substantial amount of retained earnings shown on the balance sheet.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Free cash flow (FCF) is, essentially, the cash flow that is available for interest and dividends after the company has made the investments in current and fixed assets that are necessary to sustain ongoing operations.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The value of any asset is the present value of the cash flows the asset is expected to provide. The cash flows a business is able to provide to its investors is its free cash flow. This is the reason that FCF is so important in finance.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
If a firm is reporting its income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, then its net income as reported on the income statement should be equal to its free cash flow.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The fact that 70% of the interest income received by corporations is excluded from its taxable income encourages firms to finance with more debt than they would in the absence of this tax law provision.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Both interest and dividends paid by a corporation are deductible operating expenses, hence they decrease the firm's taxes.
a. True
b. False
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Definition
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Term
The balance sheet measures the flow of funds into and out of various accounts over time, while the income statement measures the firm's financial position at a point in time.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Assume that two firms are both following generally accepted accounting principles. Both firms commenced operations two years ago with $1 million of identical fixed assets, and neither firm sold any of those assets or purchased any new fixed assets. The two firms would be required to report the same amount of net fixed assets on their balance sheets as those statements are presented to investors.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Net operating working capital is equal to current assets minus the difference between current liabilities and notes payable.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The next-to-last line on the income statement shows the firm's earnings, while the last line shows the dividends the company paid. Therefore, the dividends are frequently called "the bottom line."
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The statement of cash flows has four main sections, one each for operating, investing, and financing activities, and one that shows a summary of the cash and cash equivalents at the end of the year.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
An increase in accounts payable represents an increase in net cash provided by operating activities just like borrowing money from a bank. An increase in accounts payable has an effect similar to taking out a new bank loan. However, these two items show up in different sections of the statement of cash flows.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
An increase in accounts receivable represents an increase in net cash provided by operating activities because receivables will produce cash when they are collected.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The first major section of a typical statement of cash flows is "Operating Activities," and the first entry in this section is "Net Income." Then, also in the first section, we show some items that represent increases or decreases to cash, and the last entry is called "Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities." This number can be either positive or negative, but if it is negative, the firm is almost certain to soon go bankrupt.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
To estimate the cash flow from operations, depreciation must be added back to net income because it is a non-cash charge that has been deducted from revenue.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Two metrics that are used to measure a company's financial performance are net income and cash flow. Accountants emphasize net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Finance people generally put at least as much weight on cash flows as they do on net income.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Its retained earnings is the actual cash that the firm has generated through operations less the cash that has been paid out to stockholders as dividends. If the firm has sufficient retained earnings, it can purchase assets and pay for them with cash from retained earnings.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The retained earnings account on the balance sheet does not represent cash. Rather, it represents part of the stockholders' claims against the firm's existing assets. Put another way retained earnings are stockholders' reinvested earnings.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
In finance, we are generally more interested in cash flows than in accounting profits. Free cash flow (FCF) is calculated as after-tax operating income plus depreciation less the sum of capital expenditures and changes in net operating working capital.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Free cash flow is the amount of cash that if withdrawn would harm the firm's ability to operate and to produce future cash flows.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
If the tax laws were changed so that $0.50 out of every $1.00 of interest paid by a corporation was allowed as a tax-deductible expense, this would probably encourage companies to use more debt financing than they presently do, other things held constant.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Interest paid by a corporation is a tax deduction for the paying corporation, but dividends paid are not deductible. This treatment, other things held constant, tends to encourage the use of debt financing by corporations.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Because the U.S. tax system is a progressive tax system, a taxpayer's marginal and average tax rates are the same.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The alternative minimum tax (AMT) was created by Congress to make it more difficult for wealthy individuals to avoid paying taxes through the use of various deductions.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
The time dimension is important in financial statement analysis. The balance sheet shows the firm's financial position at a given point in time, the income statement shows results over a period of time, and the statement of cash flows reflects specific changes in accounts over that period of time.
a. True
b. False |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The four most important financial statements provided in the annual report are the balance sheet, income statement, cash budget, and the statement of stockholders' equity.
b. The balance sheet gives us a picture of the firm’s financial position at a point in time.
c. The income statement gives us a picture of the firm’s financial position at a point in time.
d. The statement of cash flows tells us how much cash the firm must pay out in interest during the year.
e. The statement of cash needs tells us how much cash the firm will require during some future period, generally a month or a year. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Assets other than cash are expected to produce cash over time, and the amounts of cash they eventually produce should be exactly the same as the amounts at which the assets are carried on the books.
b. The primary reason the annual report is important in finance is that it is used by investors when they form expectations about the firm's future earnings and dividends, and the riskiness of those cash flows.
c. The annual report is an internal document prepared by a firm's managers solely for the use of its creditors/lenders.
d. The four most important financial statements provided in the annual report are the balance sheet, income statement, cash budget, and statement of stockholders' equity.
e. Prior to the Enron scandal in the early 2000s, companies would put verbal information in their annual reports, along with the financial statements. That verbal information was often misleading, so today annual reports can contain only quantitative information--audited financial statements. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The balance sheet for a given year, say 2011, is designed to give us an idea of what happened to the firm during that year.
b. The balance sheet for a given year, say 2011, tells us how much money the company earned during that year.
c. The difference between the total assets reported on the balance sheet and the liabilities reported on this statement tells us the current market value of the stockholders' equity, assuming the statements are prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
d. If a company's statements were prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), the market value of the stock equals the book value of the stock as reported on the balance sheet.
e. The assets section of a typical industrial company’s balance sheet begins with cash, then lists the assets in the order in which they will probably be converted to cash, with the longest lived assets listed last. |
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Definition
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Term
Other things held constant, which of the following actions would increase the amount of cash on a company’s balance sheet?
a. The company repurchases common stock.
b. The company pays a dividend.
c. The company issues new common stock.
d. The company gives customers more time to pay their bills.
e. The company purchases a new piece of equipment. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following items is NOT normally considered to be a current asset?
a. Accounts receivable.
b. Inventory.
c. Bonds.
d. Cash.
e. Short-term, highly-liquid, marketable securities. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following items cannot be found on a firm’s balance sheet under current liabilities?
a. Accounts payable.
b. Short-term notes payable to the bank.
c. Accrued wages.
d. Cost of goods sold.
e. Accrued payroll taxes.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The focal point of the income statement is the cash account, because that account cannot be manipulated by “accounting tricks.”
b. The reported income of two otherwise identical firms cannot be manipulated by different accounting procedures provided the firms follow generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP).
c. The reported income of two otherwise identical firms must be identical if the firms are publicly owned, provided they follow procedures that are permitted by the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC).
d. If a firm follows generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), then its reported net income will be identical to its reported cash flow.
e. The income statement for a given year, say 2011, is designed to give us an idea of how much the firm earned during that year. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. Corporations are allowed to exclude 70% of their interest income from corporate taxes.
b. Corporations are allowed to exclude 70% of their dividend income from corporate taxes.
c. Individuals pay taxes on only 30% of the income realized from municipal bonds.
d. Individuals are allowed to exclude 70% of their interest income from their taxes.
e. Individuals are allowed to exclude 70% of their dividend income from their taxes. |
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Definition
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Term
A loss incurred by a corporation
a. Must be carried forward unless the company has had 2 loss years in a row.
b. Can be carried back 2 years, then carried forward up to 20 years following the loss.
c. Can be carried back 5 years and forward 3 years.
d. Cannot be used to reduce taxes in other years except with special permission from the IRS.
e. Can be carried back 3 years or forward 10 years, whichever is more advantageous to the firm.
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Definition
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Term
Below are the 2010 and 2011 year-end balance sheets for Tran Enterprises:
Assets: 2011 2010
Cash $ 200,000 $ 170,000
Accounts receivable 864,000 700,000
Inventories 2,000,000 1,400,000
Total current assets $3,064,000 $2,270,000
Net fixed assets 6,000,000 5,600,000
Total assets $9,064,000 $7,870,000
Liabilities and equity:
Accounts payable $1,400,000 $1,090,000
Notes payable 1,600,000 1,800,000
Total current liabilities $3,000,000 $2,890,000
Long-term debt 2,400,000 2,400,000
Common stock 3,000,000 2,000,000
Retained earnings 664,000 580,000
Total common equity $3,664,000 $2,580,000
Total liabilities and equity $9,064,000 $7,870,000
The firm has never paid a dividend on its common stock, and it issued $2,400,000 of 10-year, non-callable, long-term debt in 2010. As of the end of 2011, none of the principal on this debt had been repaid. Assume that the company’s sales in 2010 and 2011 were the same. Which of the following statements must be CORRECT?
a. The firm increased its short-term bank debt in 2011.
b. The firm issued long-term debt in 2011.
c. The firm issued new common stock in 2011.
d. The firm repurchased some common stock in 2011.
e. The firm had negative net income in 2011. |
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Definition
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Term
On its 12/31/11 balance sheet, Barnes Inc showed $510 million of retained earnings, and exactly that same amount was shown the following year. Assuming that no earnings restatements were issued, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. If the company lost money in 2011, it must have paid dividends.
b. The company must have had zero net income in 2011.
c. The company must have paid out half of its 2011 earnings as dividends.
d. The company must have paid no dividends in 2011.
e. Dividends could have been paid in 2011, but they would have had to equal the earnings for the year.
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Definition
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Term
Below is the common equity section (in millions) of Timeless Technology’s last two year-end balance sheets:
2011 2010
Common stock $2,000 $1,000
Retained earnings 2,000 2,340
Total common equity $4,000 $3,340
The firm has never paid a dividend to its common stockholders. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The company’s net income in 2011 was higher than in 2010.
b. The firm issued common stock in 2011.
c. The market price of the firm's stock doubled in 2011.
d. The firm had positive net income in both 2010 and 2011, but its net income in 2011 was lower than it was in 2010.
e. The company has more equity than debt on its balance sheet. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Typically, a firm’s DPS should exceed its EPS.
b. Typically, a firm’s net income should exceed its EBIT.
c. If a firm is more profitable than average, we would normally expect to see its stock price exceed its book value per share.
d. If a firm is more profitable than most other firms, we would normally expect to see its book value per share exceed its stock price, especially after several years of high inflation.
e. The more depreciation a firm has in a given year, the higher its EPS, other things held constant. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The more depreciation a firm reports, the higher its tax bill, other things held constant.
b. People sometimes talk about the firm’s cash flow, which is shown as the lowest entry on the income statement, hence it is often called "the bottom line.”
c. Depreciation reduces a firm’s cash balance, so an increase in depreciation would normally lead to a reduction in the firm’s cash flow.
d. Operating income is derived from the firm's regular core business. Operating income is calculated as Revenues less Operating costs. Operating costs do not include interest or taxes.
e. Depreciation is not a cash charge, so it does not have an effect on a firm’s reported profits. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following factors could explain why Michigan Energy's cash balance increased even though it had a negative cash flow last year?
a. The company sold a new issue of bonds.
b. The company made a large investment in new plant and equipment.
c. The company paid a large dividend.
d. The company had high depreciation expenses.
e. The company repurchased 20% of its common stock. |
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Definition
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Term
Analysts who follow Howe Industries recently noted that, relative to the previous year, the company’s net cash provided from operations increased, yet cash as reported on the balance sheet decreased. Which of the following factors could explain this situation?
a. The company cut its dividend.
b. The company made large investments in fixed assets.
c. The company sold a division and received cash in return.
d. The company issued new common stock.
e. The company issued new long-term debt. |
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Definition
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Term
Austin Financial recently announced that its net income increased sharply from the previous year, yet its net cash provided from operations declined. Which of the following could explain this performance?
a. The company’s dividend payment to common stockholders declined.
b. The company’s expenditures on fixed assets declined.
c. The company’s cost of goods sold increased.
d. The company’s depreciation expense declined.
e. The company’s interest expense increased. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from operations, but it does not reflect the effects of buying or selling fixed assets.
b. The statement of cash flows shows where the firm’s cash is located; indeed, it provides a listing of all banks and brokerage houses where cash is on deposit.
c. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from continuing operations, but it does not reflect the effects of changes in working capital.
d. The statement of cash flows reflects cash flows from operations and from borrowings, but it does not reflect cash obtained by selling new common stock.
e. The statement of cash flows shows how much the firm’s cash--the total of currency, bank deposits, and short-term liquid securities (or cash equivalents)--increased or decreased during a given year. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in accounts receivable is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section.
b. Dividends do not show up in the statement of cash flows because dividends are considered to be a financing activity, not an operating activity.
c. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in accounts payable is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section.
d. In the statement of cash flows, depreciation is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section.
e. In the statement of cash flows, a decrease in inventories is subtracted from net income in the operating activities section. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Most rapidly growing companies have positive free cash flows because cash flows from existing operations generally exceed fixed asset purchases and changes to net operating working capital.
b. Changes in working capital have no effect on free cash flow.
c. Free cash flow (FCF) is defined as follows:
FCF = EBIT(1 - T)
+ Depreciation
- Capital expenditures required to sustain operations
- Required changes in net operating working capital.
d. Free cash flow (FCF) is defined as follows:
FCF = EBIT(1 - T) + Capital expenditures.
e. Managers should be less concerned with free cash flow than with accounting net income. Accounting net income is the "bottom line" and represents how much the firm can distribute to all its investors both creditors and stockholders. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. MVA stands for market value added, and it is defined as follows:
MVA = (Shares outstanding)(Stock price) + Book value of common equity.
b. The primary difference between EVA and accounting net income is that when net income is calculated, a deduction is made to account for the cost of common equity, whereas EVA represents net income before deducting the cost of the equity capital the firm uses.
c. MVA gives us an idea about how much value a firm’s management has added during the last year.
d. EVA gives us an idea about how much value a firm’s management has added over the firm’s life.
e. EVA stands for economic value added, and it is defined as follows:
EVA = NOPAT – (Investor-supplied oper. capital)(AT cost of capital %) |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Actions that increase reported net income will always increase cash flow.
b. One way to increase EVA is to generate the same level of operating income but with less investor-supplied capital.
c. One drawback of EVA as a performance measure is that it mistakenly assumes that equity capital is free.
d. One way to increase EVA is to achieve the same level of operating income but with more investor-supplied capital obtained at a higher cost of capital.
e. If a firm reports positive net income, its EVA must also be positive. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Since companies can deduct dividends paid but not interest paid, our tax system favors the use of equity financing over debt financing, and this causes companies’ debt ratios to be lower than they would be if interest and dividends were both deductible.
b. Interest paid to an individual is counted as income for federal tax purposes and taxed at the individual’s regular tax rate, which in 2010 could go up to 35%, but dividends received were taxed at a maximum rate of 15%.
c. The maximum federal tax rate on corporate income in 2010 was 50%.
d. Corporations obtain capital for use in their operations by borrowing and by raising equity capital, either by selling new common stock or by retaining earnings. The cost of debt capital is the interest paid on the debt, and the cost of the equity is the dividends paid on the stock. Both of these costs are deductible from income when calculating income for tax purposes.
e. The maximum federal tax rate on personal income in 2010 was 50%. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The income of certain small corporations that qualify under the Tax Code is completely exempt from corporate income taxes. Thus, the federal government receives no tax revenue from these businesses, even though they report high accounting profits.
b. All businesses, regardless of their legal form of organization, are taxed under the Business Tax Provisions of the Internal Revenue Code.
c. Small corporations that qualify under the Tax Code can elect not to pay corporate taxes, but then each stockholder must report his or her pro rata shares of the firm’s income as personal income and pay taxes on that income.
d. Congress recently changed the tax laws to make dividend income received by individuals exempt from income taxes. Prior to the enactment of that law, corporate income was subject to double taxation, where the firm was first taxed on the corporation's income and stockholders were taxed again on this income when it was paid to them as dividends.
e. All corporations other than non-profits are subject to corporate income taxes, which are 15% for the lowest amounts of income and 38% for the highest amounts. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is most correct?
a. Retained earnings, as reported on the balance sheet, represents the amount of cash a company has available to pay out as dividends to shareholders.
b. 70% of the interest received by corporations is excluded from taxable income.
c. 70% of the dividends received by corporations is excluded from taxable income.
d. Because taxes on long-term capital gains are not paid until the gain is realized, investors must pay the top individual tax rate on that gain.
e. The corporate tax system favors equity financing, as dividends paid are deductible from corporate taxes. |
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Definition
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Term
Last year, Delip Industries had (1) negative cash flow from operations, (2) a negative free cash flow, and (3) an increase in cash as reported on its balance sheet. Which of the following factors could explain this situation?
a. The company had a sharp increase in its inventories.
b. The company had a sharp increase in its accrued liabilities.
c. The company sold a new issue of common stock.
d. The company made a large capital investment early in the year.
e. The company had a sharp increase in depreciation expenses. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following would be most likely to occur in the year after Congress, in an effort to increase tax revenue, passed legislation that forced companies to depreciate equipment over longer lives? Assume that sales, other operating costs, and tax rates are not affected, and assume that the same depreciation method is used for tax and stockholder reporting purposes.
a. Companies’ after-tax operating profits would decline.
b. Companies’ physical stocks of fixed assets would increase.
c. Companies’ cash flows would increase.
d. Companies’ cash positions would decline.
e. Companies’ reported net incomes would decline. |
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Definition
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Term
Assume that Congress recently passed a provision that will enable Bev's Beverages Inc. (BBI) to double its depreciation expense for the upcoming year but will have no effect on its sales revenue or the tax rate. Prior to the new provision, BBI’s net income was forecasted to be $4 million. Which of the following best describes the impact of the new provision on BBI’s financial statements versus the statements without the provision? Assume that the company uses the same depreciation method for tax and stockholder reporting purposes.
a. The provision will reduce the company’s cash flow.
b. The provision will increase the company’s tax payments.
c. The provision will increase the firm's operating income (EBIT).
d. The provision will increase the company’s net income.
e. Net fixed assets on the balance sheet will decrease. |
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Definition
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Term
The Nantell Corporation just purchased an expensive piece of equipment. Assume that the firm planned to depreciate the equipment over 5 years on a straight-line basis, but Congress then passed a provision that requires the company to depreciate the equipment on a straight-line basis over 7 years. Other things held constant, which of the following will occur as a result of this Congressional action? Assume that the company uses the same depreciation method for tax and stockholder reporting purposes.
a. Nantell’s taxable income will be lower.
b. Nantell’s operating income (EBIT) will increase.
c. Nantell’s cash position will improve (increase).
d. Nantell’s reported net income for the year will be lower.
e. Nantell’s tax liability for the year will be lower.
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Definition
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Term
Assume that Besley Golf Equipment commenced operations on January 1, 2011, and it was granted permission to use the same depreciation calculations for shareholder reporting and income tax purposes. The company planned to depreciate its fixed assets over 15 years, but in December 2011 management realized that the assets would last for only 10 years. The firm's accountants plan to report the 2011 financial statements based on this new information. How would the new depreciation assumption affect the company’s financial statements?
a. The firm’s reported net fixed assets would increase.
b. The firm’s EBIT would increase.
c. The firm's reported 2011 earnings per share would increase.
d. The firm's cash position in 2011 and 2012 would increase.
e. The provision will increase the company's tax payments. |
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Definition
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Term
A start-up firm is making an initial investment in new plant and equipment. Assume that currently its equipment must be depreciated on a straight-line basis over 10 years, but Congress is considering legislation that would require the firm to depreciate the equipment over 7 years. If the legislation becomes law, which of the following would occur in the year following the change?
a. The firm’s operating income (EBIT) would increase.
b. The firm’s taxable income would increase.
c. The firm’s cash flow would increase.
d. The firm’s tax payments would increase.
e. The firm’s reported net income would increase. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Dividends paid reduce the net income that is reported on a company’s income statement.
b. If a company uses some of its bank deposits to buy short-term, highly liquid marketable securities, this will cause a decline in its current assets as shown on the balance sheet.
c. If a company issues new long-term bonds to purchase fixed assets during the current year, this will increase both its reported current assets and current liabilities at the end of the year.
d. Accounts receivable are reported as a current liability on the balance sheet.
e. If a company pays more in dividends than it generates in net income, its retained earnings as reported on the balance sheet will decline from the previous year's balance.
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For managerial purposes, i.e., making decisions regarding the firm's operations, the standard financial statements as prepared by accountants under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) are often modified and used to create alternative data and metrics that provide a somewhat different picture of a firm's operations. Related to these modifications, which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The standard statements make adjustments to reflect the effects of inflation on asset values, and these adjustments are normally carried into any adjustment that managers make to the standard statements.
b. The standard statements focus on accounting income for the entire corporation, not cash flows, and the two can be quite different during any given accounting period. However, the firm's value is based on its future cash flows. After all, future cash flows tells us how much the firm can distribute to its investors.
c. The standard statements provide useful information on the firm’s individual operating units, but management needs more information on the firm’s overall operations than the standard statements provide.
d. The standard statements focus on cash flows, but managers should be less concerned with cash flows than with accounting income as defined by GAAP.
e. The best feature of standard statements is that, if they are prepared under GAAP, the data are always consistent from firm to firm. Thus, under GAAP, there is no room for accountants to “adjust” the results to make earnings look better. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Since depreciation increases the firm's net cash provided by operating activities, the more depreciation a company has, the larger its retained earnings will be, other things held constant.
b. A firm can show a large amount of retained earnings on its balance sheet yet need to borrow cash to make required payments.
c. Common equity includes common stock and retained earnings, less accumulated depreciation.
d. The retained earnings account as reported on the balance sheet shows the amount of cash that is available for paying dividends.
e. If a firm reports a loss on its income statement, then the retained earnings account as shown on the balance sheet will be negative. |
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Definition
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Term
The CFO of Daves Industries plans to have the company issue $300 million of new common stock and use the proceeds to pay off some of its outstanding bonds that carry a 7% interest rate. Assume that the company, which does not pay any dividends, takes this action, and that total assets, operating income (EBIT), and its tax rate all remain constant. Which of the following would occur?
a. The company’s taxable income would fall.
b. The company’s interest expense would remain constant.
c. The company would have less common equity than before.
d. The company’s net income would increase.
e. The company would have to pay less taxes.
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Term
Last year Besset Company’s operations provided a negative cash flow, yet the cash shown on its balance sheet increased. Which of the following statements could explain the increase in cash, assuming the company’s financial statements were prepared under generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP)?
a. The company repurchased some of its common stock.
b. The company dramatically increased its capital expenditures.
c. The company retired a large amount of its long-term debt.
d. The company sold some of its fixed assets.
e. The company had high depreciation expenses. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Assume that two firms are both following generally accepted accounting principles. Both firms commenced operations two years ago with $1 million of identical fixed assets, and neither firm either sold any of those assets or purchased any new fixed assets. The two firms would be required to report the same amount of net fixed assets on their balance sheets as those statements are presented to investors.
b. Assets other than cash are expected to produce cash over time, and the amount of cash they eventually produce must be the same as the amounts at which the assets are carried on the books.
c. The income statement shows the difference between a firm's income and its costs--i.e., its profits--during a specified period of time. However, all reported income comes in the form of cash, and reported costs likewise are consistent with cash outlays. Therefore, there will not be a substantial difference between a firm's reported profits and its actual cash flow for the same period.
d. The primary reason the annual report is important in finance is that it is used by investors when they form expectations about the firm's future earnings and dividends, and the riskiness of those cash flows.
e. EPS stands for earnings per share, while DPS stands for dividends per share. We would normally expect to see DPS exceed EPS. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. An increase in accounts receivable is added to net income in the operating activities section because if accounts receivable increase, then when they are collected cash will come into the firm.
b. In finance, we are generally more interested in cash flows than in accounting profits. Free cash flow (FCF) is calculated as after-tax operating income plus depreciation less the sum of capital expenditures and net operating working capital. Free cash flow is the amount of cash that could be withdrawn without harming the firm's ability to operate and to produce future cash flows.
c. The first major section of a typical statement of cash flows is "Operating Activities," and the first entry in this section is "Net Income." Then, also in the first section, we show some items that add to or subtract from cash, and the last entry is called "Net Cash Provided by Operating Activities." This number can be either positive or negative, but if it is negative, the firm is almost certain to soon go bankrupt.
d. The next-to-last line on the income statement shows the firm's earnings, while the last line shows the dividends the company paid. Therefore, the dividends are frequently called "the bottom line."
e. Most rapidly growing companies have positive free cash flows because cash flows from existing operations will exceed fixed assets and working capital needed to support the growth. |
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. Free cash flow (FCF) is, essentially, the cash flow that is available for interest and dividends after the company has made the investments in current and fixed assets that are necessary to sustain ongoing operations.
b. After-tax operating income is calculated as EBIT(1 - T) + Depreciation.
c. Two firms with identical sales and operating costs but with different amounts of debt and tax rates will have different operating incomes by definition.
d. If a firm is reporting its income in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, then its net income as reported on the income statement should be equal to its free cash flow.
e. Retained earnings as reported on the balance sheet represent cash and, therefore, are available to distribute to stockholders as dividends or any other required cash payments to creditors and suppliers.
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Definition
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Term
Which of the following statements is CORRECT?
a. The current cash flow from existing assets is highly relevant to investors. However, since the value of the firm depends primarily upon its growth opportunities, accounting net income projections from those opportunities are the only relevant future flows with which investors are concerned.
b. Two metrics that are used to measure a company's financial performance are net income and free cash flow. Accountants tend to emphasize net income as calculated in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. Finance people generally put at least as much weight on free cash flows as they do on net income.
c. To estimate the net cash provided by operations, depreciation must be subtracted from net income because it is a non-cash charge that has been added to revenue.
d. Interest paid by a corporation is a tax deduction for the paying corporation, but dividends paid are not deductible. This treatment, other things held constant, tends to discourage the use of debt financing by corporations.
e. If Congress changed depreciation allowances so that companies had to report higher depreciation levels for tax purposes in 2012, this would lower their free cash flows for 2012. |
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Definition
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Term
Bauer Software's current balance sheet shows total common equity of $5,125,000. The company has 530,000 shares of stock outstanding, and they sell at a price of $27.50 per share. By how much do the firm's market and book values per share differ?
a. $17.83
b. $18.72
c. $19.66
d. $20.64
e. $21.67 |
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Definition
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Term
Brown Fashions Inc.'s December 31, 2011 balance sheet showed total common equity of $4,050,000 and 200,000 shares of stock outstanding. During 2011, the firm had $450,000 of net income, and it paid out $100,000 as dividends. What was the book value per share at 12/31/11, assuming no common stock was either issued or retired during 2011?
a. $20.90
b. $22.00
c. $23.10
d. $24.26
e. $25.47 |
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Definition
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Term
Prezas Company's balance sheet showed total current assets of $4,250, all of which were required in operations. Its current liabilities consisted of $975 of accounts payable, $600 of 6% short-term notes payable to the bank, and $250 of accrued wages and taxes. What was its net operating working capital?
a. $2,874
b. $3,025
c. $3,176
d. $3,335
e. $3,502 |
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Definition
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Term
Rao Construction recently reported $20.50 million of sales, $12.60 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $3.00 million of depreciation. It had $8.50 million of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 40%. What was Rao's operating income, or EBIT, in millions?
a. $3.21
b. $3.57
c. $3.97
d. $4.41
e. $4.90 |
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Definition
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Term
Brown Office Supplies recently reported $15,500 of sales, $8,250 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1,750 of depreciation. It had $9,000 of bonds outstanding that carry a 7.0% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 40%. How much was the firm's earnings before taxes (EBT)?
a. $4,627
b. $4,870
c. $5,114
d. $5,369
e. $5,638
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Definition
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Term
Vasudevan Inc. recently reported operating income of $2.75 million, depreciation of $1.20 million, and had a tax rate of 40%. The firm's expenditures on fixed assets and net operating working capital totaled $0.6 million. How much was its free cash flow, in millions?
a. $1.93
b. $2.03
c. $2.14
d. $2.25
e. $2.36 |
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Definition
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Term
Over the years, O'Brien Corporation's stockholders have provided $20,000,000 of capital, when they purchased new issues of stock and allowed management to retain some of the firm's earnings. The firm now has 1,000,000 shares of common stock outstanding, and it sells at a price of $38.50 per share. How much value has O'Brien's management added to stockholder wealth over the years, i.e., what is O'Brien's MVA?
a. $18,500,000
b. $18,870,000
c. $19,247,400
d. $19,632,348
e. $20,024,995 |
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Definition
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Term
Emery Mining Inc. recently reported $150,000 of sales, $75,500 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $10,200 of depreciation. The company had $16,500 of outstanding bonds that carry a 7.25% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 35%. How much was the firm's net income? The firm uses the same depreciation expense for tax and stockholder reporting purposes.
a. $35,167.33
b. $37,018.24
c. $38,966.57
d. $41,017.44
e. $43,068.31 |
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Definition
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Term
On 12/31/11, Hite Industries reported retained earnings of $525,000 on its balance sheet, and it reported that it had $135,000 of net income during the year. On its previous balance sheet, at 12/31/10, the company had reported $445,000 of retained earnings. No shares were repurchased during 2011. How much in dividends did the firm pay during 2011?
a. $49,638
b. $52,250
c. $55,000
d. $57,750
e. $60,638
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Definition
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Term
During 2011, Bascom Bakery paid out $33,525 of common dividends. It ended the year with $197,500 of retained earnings versus the prior year’s retained earnings of $159,600. How much net income did the firm earn during the year?
a. $71,425
b. $74,996
c. $78,746
d. $82,683
e. $86,818 |
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Definition
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Term
Hayes Corporation has $300 million of common equity, with 6 million shares of common stock outstanding. If Hayes’ Market Value Added (MVA) is $162 million, what is the company’s stock price?
a. $66.02
b. $69.49
c. $73.15
d. $77.00
e. $80.85 |
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Definition
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Term
Byrd Lumber has 2 million shares of common stock outstanding that sell for $17 a share. If the company has $40 million of common equity on its balance sheet, what is the company’s Market Value Added (MVA)?
a. -$5,415,000
b. -$5,700,000
c. -$6,000,000
d. -$6,300,000
e. -$6,615,000 |
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Definition
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Term
Scranton Shipyards has $20 million in total investor-supplied operating capital, and its WACC is 10%. Scranton has the following income statement:
Sales $10.0 million
Operating costs 6.0 million
Operating income (EBIT) $ 4.0 million
Interest expense 2.0 million
Earnings before taxes (EBT) $ 2.0 million
Taxes (40%) 0.8 million
Net income $ 1.2 million
What is Scranton’s EVA?
a. $400,000
b. $420,000
c. $441,000
d. $463,050
e. $486,203 |
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Definition
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Term
Your corporation has the following cash flows:
Operating income $250,000
Interest received $ 10,000
Interest paid $ 45,000
Dividends received $ 20,000
Dividends paid $ 50,000
If the applicable income tax rate is 40% (federal and state combined), and if 70% of dividends received are exempt from taxes, what is the corporation's tax liability?
a. $ 83,980
b. $ 88,400
c. $ 92,820
d. $ 97,461
e. $102,334 |
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Definition
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Term
Your corporation has a marginal tax rate of 35% and has purchased preferred stock in another company. The before-tax dividend yield on the preferred stock is 12%. What is the company's after-tax return on the preferred, assuming a 70% dividend exclusion?
a. 10.20%
b. 10.74%
c. 11.28%
d. 11.84%
e. 12.43% |
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Definition
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Term
Lovell Co. purchased preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock’s before-tax yield was 8.4%. The corporate tax rate is 40%. What is the after-tax return on the preferred stock, assuming a 70% dividend exclusion?
a. 7.02%
b. 7.39%
c. 7.76%
d. 8.15%
e. 8.56% |
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Definition
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Term
A company with a 15% tax rate buys preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock has a before-tax yield of 8%. What is the preferred stock’s after-tax return?
a. 6.90%
b. 7.26%
c. 7.64%
d. 8.02%
e. 8.42% |
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Definition
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Term
Van Dyke Corporation has a corporate tax rate equal to 30%. The company recently purchased preferred stock in another company. The preferred stock has an 8% before-tax yield. What is Van Dyke’s after-tax yield on the preferred stock?
a. 6.57%
b. 6.92%
c. 7.28%
d. 7.64%
e. 8.03% |
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Definition
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Term
Granville Co. recently purchased several shares of Kalvaria Electronics’ preferred stock. The preferred stock has a before-tax yield of 8.6%. If the company’s tax rate is 40%, what is Granville Co.’s after-tax yield on the preferred stock?
a. 6.49%
b. 6.83%
c. 7.19%
d. 7.57%
e. 7.95% |
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Definition
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Term
Wu Systems has the following balance sheet. How much net operating working capital does the firm have?
Cash $ 100 Accounts payable $ 200
Accounts receivable 650 Accruals 350
Inventory 550 Notes payable 350
Current assets $1,300 Current liabilities $ 900
Net fixed assets 1,000 Long-term debt 600
Common equity 300
Retained earnings 500
Total assets $2,300 Total liab. & equity $2,300
a. $675
b. $750
c. $825
d. $908
e. $998 |
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Definition
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Term
Last year Almazan Software reported $10.50 million of sales, $6.25 million of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1.30 million of depreciation. The company had $5.00 million of bonds that carry a 6.5% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 35%. This year's data are expected to remain unchanged except for one item, depreciation, which is expected to increase by $0.70 million. By how much will net income change as a result of the change in depreciation? The company uses the same depreciation calculations for tax and stockholder reporting purposes.
a. -$0.432
b. -$0.455
c. -$0.478
d. -$0.502
e. -$0.527 |
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Definition
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Term
C. F. Lee Inc. has the following income statement. How much after-tax operating income does the firm have?
Sales $2,850.00
Costs 1,850.00
Depreciation 192.00
EBIT $ 808.00
Interest expense 285.00
EBT $ 523.00
Taxes (35%) 183.05
Net income $ 339.95
a. $427.78
b. $450.29
c. $473.99
d. $498.94
e. $525.20 |
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Definition
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Term
Kwok Enterprises has the following income statement. How much after-tax operating income does the firm have?
Sales $2,250
Costs 1,400
Depreciation 250
EBIT $ 600
Interest expense 70
EBT $ 530
Taxes (40%) 212
Net income $ 318
a. $325
b. $342
c. $360
d. $378
e. $397 |
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Definition
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Term
Hartzell Inc. had the following data for 2010, in millions: Net income = $600; after-tax operating income [EBIT(1 - T)] = $700; and Total assets = $2,000. Information for 2011 is as follows: Net income = $825; after-tax operating income [EBIT(1 - T)] = $925; and Total assets = $2,500. How much free cash flow did the firm generate during 2011?
a. $383
b. $425
c. $468
d. $514
e. $566 |
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Definition
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Term
Shrives Publishing recently reported $10,750 of sales, $5,500 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $1,250 of depreciation. The company had $3,500 of bonds that carry a 6.25% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 35%. During the year, the firm had expenditures on fixed assets and net operating working capital that totaled $1,550. These expenditures were necessary for it to sustain operations and generate future sales and cash flows. What was its free cash flow?
a. $1,873
b. $1,972
c. $2,076
d. $2,185
e. $2,300 |
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Definition
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Term
Houston Pumps recently reported $185,250 of sales, $140,500 of operating costs other than depreciation, and $9,250 of depreciation. The company had $35,250 of outstanding bonds that carry a 6.75% interest rate, and its federal-plus-state income tax rate was 35%. In order to sustain its operations and thus generate future sales and cash flows, the firm was required to spend $15,250 to buy new fixed assets and to invest $6,850 in net operating working capital. What was the firm's free cash flow?
a. $10,225
b. $10,736
c. $11,273
d. $11,837
e. $12,429 |
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Definition
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Term
Casey Motors recently reported the following information:
• Net income = $600,000.
• Tax rate = 40%.
• Interest expense = $200,000.
• Total investor-supplied operating capital employed = $9 million.
• After-tax cost of capital = 10%.
What is the company’s EVA?
a. -$171,000
b. -$180,000
c. -$189,000
d. -$198,450
e. -$208,373
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Definition
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Term
Appalachian Airlines began operating in 2007. The company lost money the first year but has been profitable ever since. The company’s taxable income (EBT) for its first five years is listed below. Each year the company’s corporate tax rate has been 40%.
Year Taxable Income
2007 -$4,000,000
2008 $1,000,000
2009 $2,000,000
2010 $3,000,000
2011 $5,000,000
Assume that the company has taken full advantage of the Tax Code’s carry-back, carry-forward provisions and that the current provisions were applicable in 2007. How much did the company pay in taxes in 2010?
a. $ 688,500
b. $ 765,000
c. $ 800,000
d. $ 930,000
e. $1,023,000 |
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Definition
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Term
Garner Grocers began operations in 2008. Garner has reported the following levels of taxable income (EBT) over the past several years. The corporate tax rate was 34% each year. Assume that the company has taken full advantage of the Tax Code’s carry-back, carry-forward provisions, and assume that the current provisions were applicable in 2008. What is the amount of taxes the company paid in 2011?
Year Taxable Income
2008 -$3,200,000
2009 $ 200,000
2010 $ 500,000
2011 $2,800,000
a. $ 92,055
b. $ 96,900
c. $102,000
d. $107,100
e. $112,455 |
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Definition
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Term
A corporation recently purchased some preferred stock that has a before-tax yield of 7%. The company has a tax rate of 38%. What is the after-tax return on the preferred stock?
a. 5.32%
b. 5.60%
c. 5.89%
d. 6.20%
e. 6.51% |
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Definition
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Term
A corporate bond currently yields 8.5%. Municipal bonds with the same risk, maturity, and liquidity currently yield 5.5%. At what tax rate would investors be indifferent between the two bonds?
a. 35.29%
b. 37.06%
c. 38.91%
d. 40.86%
e. 42.90% |
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Definition
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Term
A 7-year municipal bond yields 4.8%. Your marginal tax rate (including state and federal taxes) is 27%. What interest rate on a 7-year corporate bond of equal risk would provide you with the same after-tax return?
a. 5.64%
b. 5.93%
c. 6.25%
d. 6.58%
e. 6.90% |
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Definition
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Term
A bond issued by the State of Pennsylvania provides a 9% yield. What yield on a Synthetic Chemical Company bond would cause the two bonds to provide the same after-tax rate of return to an investor in the 35% tax bracket?
a. 13.85%
b. 14.54%
c. 15.27%
d. 16.03%
e. 16.83% |
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Definition
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Term
Carter Corporation has some money to invest, and its treasurer is choosing between City of Chicago municipal bonds and U.S. Treasury bonds. Both have the same maturity, and they are equally risky and liquid. If Treasury bonds yield 6%, and Carter’s marginal income tax rate is 40%, what yield on the Chicago municipal bonds would make Carter’s treasurer indifferent between the two?
a. 3.42%
b. 3.60%
c. 3.78%
d. 3.97%
e. 4.17% |
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Definition
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Term
A 5-year corporate bond yields 9%. A 5-year municipal bond of equal risk yields 6.5%. Assume that the state tax rate is zero. At what federal tax rate are you indifferent between the two bonds?
a. 27.78%
b. 29.17%
c. 30.63%
d. 32.16%
e. 33.76% |
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Definition
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Term
Allen Corporation can (1) build a new plant that should generate a before-tax return of 11%, or (2) invest the same funds in the preferred stock of Florida Power & Light (FPL), which should provide Allen with a before-tax return of 9%, all in the form of dividends. Assume that Allen’s marginal tax rate is 25%, and that 70% of dividends received are excluded from taxable income. If the plant project is divisible into small increments, and if the two investments are equally risky, what combination of these two possibilities will maximize Allen’s effective return on the money invested?
a. All in the plant project.
b. All in FPL preferred stock.
c. 60% in the project; 40% in FPL.
d. 60% in FPL; 40% in the project.
e. 50% in each. |
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Definition
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Term
Solarcell Corporation has $20,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. It is choosing between AT&T bonds that yield 11%, State of Florida municipal bonds that yield 8%, and AT&T preferred stock with a dividend yield of 9%. Solarcell’s corporate tax rate is 40%, and 70% of the preferred stock dividends it receives are tax exempt. Assuming that the investments are equally risky and that Solarcell chooses strictly on the basis of after-tax returns, which security should be selected? Answer by giving the after-tax rate of return on the highest yielding security.
a. 7.80%
b. 8.00%
c. 8.20%
d. 8.41%
e. 8.62% |
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Definition
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Term
A corporation can earn 7.5% if it invests in municipal bonds. The corporation can also earn 8.5% (before-tax) by investing in preferred stock. Assume that the two investments have equal risk. What is the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the corporation indifferent between the two investments?
a. 35.39%
b. 37.25%
c. 39.22%
d. 41.18%
e. 43.24% |
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Definition
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Term
Mantle Corporation is considering two equally risky investments:
• A $5,000 investment in preferred stock that yields 7%.
• A $5,000 investment in a corporate bond that yields 10%.
What is the break-even corporate tax rate that makes the company indifferent between the two investments?
a. 34.27%
b. 36.08%
c. 37.97%
d. 39.87%
e. 41.87% |
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Definition
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Term
West Corporation has $50,000 that it plans to invest in marketable securities. The corporation is choosing between the following three equally risky securities: Alachua County tax-free municipal bonds yielding 8.5%; Exxon Mobil bonds yielding 10.5%; and GM preferred stock with a dividend yield of 9.25%. West’s corporate tax rate is 35%. What is the after-tax return on the best investment alternative? (Assume the company chooses on the basis of after-tax returns.)
a. 8.500%
b. 8.925%
c. 9.371%
d. 9.840%
e. 10.332% |
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Definition
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Term
Arvo Corporation is trying to choose between three alternative investments. The three securities that the company is considering are as follows:
• Tax-free municipal bonds with a return of 8.8%.
• Wooli Corporation bonds with a return of 11.75%.
• CFI Corp. preferred stock with a return of 9.8%.
The company’s tax rate is 25%. What is the after-tax return on the best investment alternative?
a. 7.383%
b. 7.772%
c. 8.181%
d. 8.612%
e. 9.065% |
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Definition
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Term
Collins Co. began operations in 2008. The company lost money the first two years, but has been profitable ever since. The company’s taxable income (EBT) for its first four years is summarized below:
Year EBT
2008 -$3,000,000
2009 -$5,200,000
2010 $4,200,000
2011 $8,300,000
The corporate tax rate has remained at 34%. Assume that the company has taken full advantage of the Tax Code’s carry-back, carry-forward provisions, and assume that the current provisions were applicable in 2008. What is Collins’ tax liability for 2011?
a. $1,069,848
b. $1,188,720
c. $1,320,800
d. $1,462,000
e. $1,617,200 |
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Definition
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Term
Salinger Software was founded in 2008. The company lost money each of its first three years, but was able to turn a profit in 2011. Salinger’s operating income (EBIT) for its first four years of operations is reported below.
Year EBIT
2008 -$ 50,000,000
2009 -$150,000,000
2010 -$100,000,000
2011 $700,000,000
The company has no debt, so operating income equals earnings before taxes. The corporate tax rate has remained constant at 35%. Assume that the company took full advantage of the carry-back, carry-forward provisions in the Tax Code, and assume that the current provisions were applicable in 2008. How much tax did the company pay in 2011?
a. $114,030,875
b. $120,032,500
c. $126,350,000
d. $133,000,000
e. $140,000,000 |
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Definition
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Term
Bradshaw Beverages began operations in 2007. The table below contains the company’s taxable income during each year of its operations. Notice that the company lost money in each of its first three years. The corporate tax rate has been 40% each year.
Year Taxable Income
2007 -$ 700,000
2008 -$ 500,000
2009 -$ 200,000
2010 $ 800,000
2011 $1,000,000
Assume that the company has taken full advantage of the Tax Code’s carry-back, carry-forward provisions, and assume that the current provisions were applicable in 2007. How much did the company pay in taxes during 2011?
a. $160,000
b. $168,000
c. $176,400
d. $185,220
e. $194,481 |
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Term
Uniontown Books began operating in 2007. The company lost money its first three years of operations, but has had an operating profit during the past two years. The company’s operating income (EBIT) for its first five years was as follows:
Year EBIT
2007 -$3,600,000
2008 -$2,000,000
2009 -$1,000,000
2010 $1,200,000
2011 $7,000,000
The company has no debt, and therefore, pays no interest expense. Its corporate tax rate has remained at 34% during this 5-year period. What was Uniontown’s tax liability for 2011? (Assume that the company has taken full advantage of the carry-back and carry-forward provisions, and assume that the current provisions were applicable in 2007.)
a. $466,412
b. $490,960
c. $516,800
d. $544,000
e. $571,200 |
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Definition
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