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| A narration in which abstract ideas, figure as circumstances, or persons usually to enforce a moral truth |
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| Repetition of the same sound, usually initial, in two or more words. This term normally applies to consonants and accented initial vowels. |
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| Repetition of a word, usually at the beginning of successive classes or phrases, for emphasis, or for pathetic effect. This figure is often accompanied by asyndeton and ellipsis. |
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| An inversion of the usual order of word, usually preposition and object |
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| An abrupt failure to complete a sentence, for rhetorical effect. |
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| Address of an absent person or an abstraction, usually for pathetic effect. |
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| The close recurrence of similar sounds, usually of vowel sounds. |
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| Omission of conjunctions in a closely related series |
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| Arrangement of pairs of words in opposite order. ABBA |
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| An apparent digression describing a place, connected at the end of the description to the main narrative by hic or huc. This device is used in epic for a transition to a new scene. |
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| Omission of one or more words necessary to the sense. |
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| The running over of a sentence from one verse or couplet into another so that close related words all in different lines. |
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| Use of two nouns connected by a conjunction with the meaning of one modified noun. |
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| A figure of syntactic dislocation where phrase or words that belong together are separated. |
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| Reversal of chronological order in order to put the more important idea first. |
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| Arrangement of paris of words so that one word of (synchysis) each pair is between the words of the other (ABAB). This arrangement normally emphasizes the close association of the paris. |
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| The use, clearly intentional or unintentional (dramatic irony) of words with a meaning contrary to the situation. |
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| An understatement for emphasis, usually an assertion of something by denying the opposite (double negative). |
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| An implied comparison, that is, the use of a word, or words suggesting a likeness between what is actually being described and something else. |
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| Use of one noun in place of another close related noun, to avoid common or prosaic words. |
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| Use of words whose sound suggests the sense. |
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| The use of apparently contradictory words in the same phrase. This is particularly Horation. |
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| Treatment of inanimate objects as human. |
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| Use of unnecessary words. |
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| Use of unnecessary conjuctions. |
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Definition
| One word is repeated in different grammatical of syntactical (inflected) forms. A special case of polyptoton is the "figura etymologica" which repeats two or more words of the same stem. |
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Definition
| Claiming not to mention or "pass over" something that one plans to say. |
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| Use of a word before it is appropriate in the context. A proleptic adjective does not apply to its noun until after the action of the verb, and is often best translated with a clause or phrase to bring out the emphasis on the adjective. |
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| A question posed for its rhetorical effect and not requiring reply or indented to induce a reply. |
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| An expressed comparison, introduced by a word such as similis, qualis, or velut. Epic similes tend to be long, to relate to nature, and to difress from the point(s) of comparison. |
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| Use if the part for the whole to avoid common words or to focus attention of a particular part. |
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| Separation of the parts of a compound word, usually for metrical convenience. |
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| A device, of emphasis in which the poet attributes some characteristic of a thing to another thing closely associated with it. |
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| A three part increase of emphasis or enlargement of meaning. |
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Definition
| Use of a verb or adjective with who words, to only one of which it literally applies. |
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| The assumption of another;s personal for rhetorical or dramatic effect. |
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