Term
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Definition
Anacardium Excelum
Family: Anacardiacece
Flowers: Pinacle Small cream colored
Pollinator: Small insect
Distributor: Bats
Cashew part is seed, toxic, the receptacle part is the reward. Bats eat it on the fly, and drop the seed
Fruit is known as hypocarp
Tree is canopy size
Mango smell is a family characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
Monstera Tenuis
Family: Araceae
Type:Climber, skotatropic (goes towards tree)
Starts small at base of trees, climbs up and the leaves get bigger. Must start small, no matter how much light
Leaves have holes, possibly to protect against herbivores
Flowers: spade spadex (white) family characteristic
Pollinator Bees
Fruit has calcium crystals
Disperser: Birds |
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Term
| Beach Plant Pollinated by Bats |
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Definition
Amphitecna Latifolia
Family: Bignoniaceae
Along Beaches
Flowers are white califourous, 2 shourt and 2 long stamens (family characteristic) pollinated by bats
Distributor: water
Fruit: round gordlike edible |
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Term
| Bark is Ridged, fruit causes diarrhea |
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Definition
Spondias Mombin
Family: Anacardiaceae
Flowers: Small white on a spike
Pollinator: Small insects
Fruit: Orange, Comquat like, theres a ton of them fleshy mesocarp/exocarp
Distributor: Pleistocene mammal, now it relies on the diarrhea in animals to let the seed pass through the stomach
Leaves are compound, leaflets opposite |
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Term
| Shrub with perpendicular infloresence |
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Definition
Piper spp.
Family:Piperaceae
Lowland Moist forest
Flower: Small white spike perpendicular to opposite leaves. Flowers are perfect
Pollinator: Trigona Bees
Distributor: Bats
Very successful in disturbed areas, commonly found in the understory. |
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Term
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Definition
Heliconia Latispatha
Family Heliconiaceae
Flowers: Are in orange bracts, the flowers are orange to yellow Bract is there to protect from bees stealing the nectrar. Only one flower per bract per day
Pollinator: Hummingbirds trapliners
Fruit: Small berrys, Distributed by frugivorous birds
Shrubs, lowland forests, disturbed areas, need lots of light
Monocot |
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Term
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Definition
Ananus Comusus
Family:Bromiliaceae
Flowers: Many bracts on a spike, 100-200 flowers, 1 per day reproduce vegetatively, no pollinator,
Fruit grows in the center of the rosette, aggregate fruit
Culitivated
Large growth of plantations started in 1960/70 |
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Term
| Vine with two tendrils and spines |
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Definition
Smilacaceae
Vine has two tendrils and spine opposite to leaves
Leaves are alternate
Small white flowers beetle pollinated
Fruit is purple and distributed by birds and mamals
Grows in understory of wet moist forests |
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Term
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Definition
Ficus spp
Family Moraceae
Strangles a tree starting at the bottom, tree dies inside, once the figs leaves shade it out and strangle out the root.
Inflouresnce is know syconium
Female wasp (Agaonidae) lay eggs inside short flowers, pollinating the long flowers. Obligate mutualism
Seed dispersed by all animals (birds, mammals, reptiles etc) |
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Term
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Definition
Agaonidae
Females wasps lay eggs in the short flowers, pollinating the long flowers
Females die
Eggs hatch
Males and females mate within fig
Males chew their way out, then die. As females crawl out, the male flowers bloom and the females get pollinated.
Inbreeding is avoided because there is usually more than one female who lays here eggs in each syconium |
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Term
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Definition
Avicennia Germanis
Family Avicenniaceae
Adaptations for dealing with salt, membranes in roots, active transport out in leaves, leaves have lots of water to dlutesmakes leaves taste salty.
Adaptations for dealing with low oxygen, pneumatophors and lenitcels
Flowers on panicle, small white, bee pollinated
Fruits are small with hard outsides, water dispersed, cryptoviviporous |
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Term
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Definition
Mangifera Indica
Family Anacardiaceae
Not native, native to india. Adapted for a more seasonal forest
Best indicator long thin leaves that become greener as they ages
Flowers are small white spike, anther is dicisis when dry, Small insects probably pollinate
Fruit is aborted, 100 originally 2,3 at the end
Planted by humans |
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Term
| Oak tree from Cierra de la Muerte |
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Definition
Quercus Costarricensis
Family Fagaceae
Oak tree, serrated leaves, canopy level grows only at high elevations about 2000 m. Leaves are waxy
Mast fruit, disturbution by squirrels and other rodents caching. Fruits irregulary
Acorns |
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Term
| Green stripes on bark that are made for photosynthesis |
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Definition
Psuedobombax Septentum
Family: Bombaceae
Palmately Compound (usually 7 leaflets)
Pompom flowers baseball size
Small insect pollinated
Fruit is diciscent, pods explode and they are wind dispersed
Presistence pioneers, love light |
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Term
Distichous branching gaunabana tree
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Definition
Annona spp
Family: Annonaceae
Flowers green yellow can be califorous
Pollinator Beetles
Fruit is aggregate, guanabana
Distributor tapir or plestociene mammals
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Term
| Cauliflower like water invasive |
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Definition
Pistia Humana
Family Araceae
Asexual or Sexual reproduction
Flower: Dicious
Small green berries dispersed by water
Floating strategy, Acherchyma,
Creates mats, blooks out light below, and doesn’t let other grow on top, big problem in lakes |
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Term
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Definition
Family Pellicieraceae
Roots are spread out like elephant feet to increase stability, No petiole (sessile Leaves)
Big white flower pollinated by the mangrove hummingbird
Lenticels
Food bodies on bark (ants?)
Heart shaped fruit, hard shell, cryptovivporous, water dispersed |
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Term
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Definition
Costus Laveis
Family Costaceae
Family id spiral leaf arangement
Infloresence has many bracts, 1 flower per day
Hummingbird pollinated, has enf for ants which protect the fruit from predators
Birds distribute the fruit. |
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Term
| Huge Brown Fruit, Mangrove associate |
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Definition
Mora Olifera
Family Caesalpinaceae
Often found in mangrove habitats
Flower
Pollinated by bees
Fruit is huge brown, distributed by water
Hollow tree
All trees drop at the same time, fruit is aborted, diciscent, tanins to protect against eating
Leaves alternate, paripinate |
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Term
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Definition
Cocos Nucifera
Family Areceaceae
Often found on beaches, but just needs lots of sun to grow, its often shaded out in the forest.
Adventitious roots
Leaves grow in spiral arangement
branching infloresence, most flowers, but aborted when young, take a year to ripen
Pollinator trigona bees, distributed by water
Look like leaning because they are reaching to wards sun
monocots |
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Term
| Mahogany, good for wood, very valuable, found in lowlands dry forest |
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Definition
Cedrela Odorata
Family Meliaceae
Imparipinate, alternate
Panicle white, small insect pollinated
Diciscent capsule, star shaped, wind dispersed
Persistent pioneer |
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Term
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Definition
Acrocomia Viniferia
Family Areceaceae
Has spikes along leaves and trunk anachronism very fire resistant, brought by pre-Columbian Indians
Found only in dry forest
Pollinated by trigona bees
Monocious
Fruit is spherical, 3cm in diameter |
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Term
| Grass like thing from cierra de la muerte |
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Definition
Lycopodium Clavatum
Division: Lycophyta
Family Lycodium
Reproduce using spores
Spores make a photosynthetic mat known as the genophyte , differentiate to become male and female, males swim over to females, mate (this allows for sexual reproduction since they grown in a clump, then plant starts to grown
The geophyte needs mycorrhizae fungi |
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Term
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Definition
Terminalia Catapa
Family Combretaceae
Flowers are small greenish white pollinated by trigona bees
The exocarp is sweet on the fruit, reward for monkeys birds agutis, Hard shell around actual seed allows it to be water distributed as well.
Macaws are the seed predators
Has colorful leaves, pagoda branching |
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Term
| Ant tree with palmately compound leaves |
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Definition
Cecropia Species
Ant tree Azteca ants. Facilitated mutualism
Housing live in trunk since its hollow
Fats are located at the petioles, mullerian bodies
Sugar Take scale insect, stick them on wall, and have them suck from xyloem and phloem
Pioneer species
Pollinated by small insects
Seeds are small and last a long time (up to ten years)
Conical stipules leave stipule scars all around
Must be below 1500 m in to order to keep ants |
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Term
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Definition
Aechmea Magdalenae
Family Bromeliaceae
Terrestrial, 2 m in height
Reproduce vegetatively because pleistocene mammal is missing as the main distributor
Flowers are yellow with red bracts, 100-200 hummingbird pollinated
Fruit is yellow-orange when ripe 6 cm long with 6-12 seeds, grows in the center of the rosette
Spikes on leaves anacronism |
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Term
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Definition
Acacia Collinsii
Family Mimosaceae
Ant plant (psuedomyrmex spinicula, nirgrocinctz, flaviconus)
Sugar Extra floral nectaries at petioles
Housing spikes has little hole
Beltian Bodies located on the newest leaves, since ants go there, they protect the newest greenest leaves
Wrens and wasps often nest in the this plant to gain protect from the ants once they get the scent the ants don’t bother them
Pioneer, sun loving,
Plants never lose leaves to keep ants on the tree |
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Term
| Mangrove associate but also grows in sandy soils |
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Definition
Combructus Erectus
Family Combretaceae
Often found in a mangrove but can also grown in sandy soils
Fruits look like little pine cone
Can be dispersed by water and birds
Bee pollinated |
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Term
| Water invasive does not look like califlower |
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Definition
Eichornia Crassipes
Family: Pontederiaceae
No pollinator in Costa Rica, from brazil, flowers need a long tongue (bee) therefore reproduces almost only asexually using a stolen
Arenchyme
Mats created, deplete oxygent
There is a beetle that was used in Asia to control this plant and worked |
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Term
| Living Fossil, not an angiosperm |
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Definition
Zamia Fairchildina
Not an angiosperm, uses genosperm to reproduce
Infloresence is a cone pollinated by trigona bees, the cone rots away and the genosperms fall down and are distributed wby water
Dicious plant
Predator: Caterpillar, eats the entire plant
Very toxic to cattle
Needs to be near lots of water, moist area |
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Term
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Definition
Rhizaphora Racemoza/mangle
Family: Rhizophoraceae
Flower: White pollinated by bees
Seed is viviporous and distributed by water
Strategies for avoiding salt prop roots, leaves are waxy and stiff
Conical stipules |
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Term
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Definition
Chusquea Tanduzii
Family Poaceae
Grows slowly raches full size over 8 years, 3-8 meters in height,
Wind pollinated, many small flowers at the end of stalk,
Only found at high altitudes
Masting stragedy with fruit, dispersed by rodents and birds |
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Term
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Definition
Brosimum Utile
Family Moraceae
Has a drip tip and a secondary collector vein and white milky latex (all family characteristics)
Canopy level tree
Females flowers at center of the subglose
1 brown fruit per infloresece |
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Term
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Definition
Langucularia racemosa
Pneumatphores
Red petiole, glands on petiole
Yellow flowers wasp pollinated
Cryptovivporous |
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Term
| Spines poke through bark, sap can stupefy |
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Definition
Hura Crepitans
Family Euphorbiaceae
Likes to be in a riparian zone, but shade intolerant
Spines to detract from a plestocene predator eating it or saplings?
SI pollinated
Fruit is explosive diciscent |
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Term
| Wind dispersed on canopy understory |
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Definition
Erythrociton gymnathus
Family Rutaceae
Citrus smell in leaves only found in carara
Small white flowers
Wind dis[persed fruit but there is no wind to disperse it because its an understory shrub |
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Term
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Definition
Elaeis guineensis
Family Arecaceae
Harvested to make oil the factory
Must be pollinated by trigona beeds
Big infructenses that aver very oily
Rats and mice like the fruit so there are often fer de lances in the area |
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Term
| Dry forest fruits on stalk rosette growth |
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Definition
Bromilia Pinguin
Family Bromiliaceae
Grows to 2 2.5 meter in height in dry forest
Many flowers in the center of the rosette on spike
Pierid butterfly pollinated
Creates stalk of 5-20 fruits, plistocene mammal distributed has spines |
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Term
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Definition
Brusera Simaruba
Family Bruseraraceae
Grows in the dry forest
Red bark that peels off, possibly to keep climbers off, new bark is photosynthetic which is important during the dry season when it loses its leaves
Flowers are yellow green white small in clusters at the end of branches
Pollinator Small insects
Synoeca wasps
Compound leaves |
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Term
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Definition
Brysomina Crispa
Family Malpighiaceae
Infloresence on a raceme
5 yellow paddle shapped leaves, oil glands in the calex, food for brood of bees
Fruit is blueberry shaped/tastes like shit
Monkey and human dispersed |
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Term
| Liana with lots of secondary compounds |
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Definition
Omphalea Diandra
Euphorbiaceae
Food for the caterpillars of Urania Fulgens
Fruit is the size of a softball |
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Term
| Pollen Explodes, Protangerous flowers |
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Definition
Posquiera Latifolia
Family Rubiaceae
Found in riparian and freshwater zones
Moth pollinated
Disperesed by birds, globous yellow
After the anther pollinates, the stamen grows in |
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Term
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Definition
Hippomane Mancinella
Family Euphorbiaceae
Flowers are small and whit pollinated by small insects
Crab apples, posionous until fully ripened, otherwise kill children
Grows in sandy soil |
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Term
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Definition
Aphelandra scabra
Family Acanthaceae
Orange and red hand shaped infloresence
Hummingbird pollinated |
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Term
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Definition
Bactris gasipaes
Family Arecaceae
Grow in clusters of 20
Grow on parms |
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Term
| Dominates Understory Canopy |
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Definition
Camaedorea tepejilote
Family Arecaceae
Stilt roots
Pollinated by trigona beeds
Califorouse infloresece white cream colored
Almond shaped red fruit distributed by birds but the height of the tree determines which birds |
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Term
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Definition
Begonia involucrata
begoniaceae
2-5 lobes with pointed tips
Monoecious flowers, bracts white to pale pink (specifically females) males are also longer and have more anthers
They trick stingless bees into pollinating them, they don’t have nectar
Protangerous
flowers during the dry season
Dehiscent 3 part capsule wing dispersed |
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Term
| Winged rachis, plamately compound |
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Definition
Crescentia alata
Family Bignoniaceae
Bat pollinated califourous polinated, bloom nocturnal
Gordlike fruit, plectociene mammal dispersed, now horse disperse it |
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Term
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Definition
Cydista Diversifolia
Family Bignoniaceae
Green leafy bud scale bifoliate with tendrils or trifoliate
Mimics other flowers to pollinate, no nectar, naïve pollinators
Wind dispersed winged seeds |
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Term
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Definition
Macfadyena unguis-cati
Family bignoniacea
Vein
Widespread but sporadic because its wind disperesed both at the end of the dry season
Orange yellow bee pollinated
Has the cat claws in juvenile form, fade out in adult form |
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Term
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Definition
Pochota quinata
Family Bombacaceae
Persistent pioneer, grows quickly but sticks around
Bat pollinated, pompom flowers
Star pod wind dispersed
Hershey kiss spines
Dry forest |
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Term
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Definition
Hymenaea courbaril
Family Caesalpinaceae
Legume
Canopy level tree drop leaves together but only leafless for 1-2 weeks
Flowers during dryseason, small insects
Green to brown fruit |
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Term
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Definition
Clusia spp
Family Clusiaceae
Moth pollinated open at night
Fleshy capsule
Covered in oil |
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Term
| Epiphyte opposite anisophyllous |
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Definition
Columnea spp
Family Gesneriaceae
Serrate hairy leaves
tubular red orange markings on flowers pollinated by bees and hummingbirds
Small fleshy berries bird dispersed
Kissing anthers is a family characteristic |
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Term
| Poor mans umbrella (huge leaves) |
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Definition
Gunnera insingnis
Family gunneraceae
Open edges windy areas, grows in poor soil
Symbiotic relationship with cyanobacteria |
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Term
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Definition
Heliconia Monteverdensis
Family heliconiaceae
Small bracts and flowers
Flowers are yellow hummbird pollinated
Blueberry distributed by birds |
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Term
| Fire resistant tree in cow pastures |
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Definition
Brysonima Crassifolia
Family Malpighiaceae
Infloresence on a raceme
5 yellow paddle shapped leaves, oil glands in the calex, food for brood of bees, others small insects
Gnarled tree
Fire resistant
Often found in cow pastures |
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Term
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Definition
Calathea insignis
Family marantaceae
Gets much taller on the atlantic side than on pacific, needs lots of rain
3 showy stamenoid, only 1 fertile
Robbed by hummingbird, pollinated by pees, so variable amound ts of nector
Stacked yellow brackts
Disperser is birds |
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Term
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Definition
Brassavola nodosa
Family Orchidaceae
Flower White with purple spots pollinated by the hawk moth
Capsule is dihiscent wind dispersed |
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Term
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Definition
Musa Acuminata
Family Musaceae
Hybrid, polypolid, reproduce vegetatively
Purple bract to protect infructesense
Has nectar and pollen,but cant be pollenated |
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Term
| Pink pom pom flowers rain tree |
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Definition
Samanea saman
Family Mimosaceae
Deicisous
Brown indihiscent fruit, long like a locust,
Pink pom pom, moth pollinated
Has enf
Pleistocene dispersed |
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Term
Guanacaste tree, ear fruit
Fruits and flowers at the same time |
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Definition
Enterolobium cyclocarpum
Family Mimosaceae
White flowers, pompom flowers
Parrots love to eat the fruit
Needs gut passage, low surviorship
Dispersed by horse cow analogs |
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Term
| Mahogany at higher elevations |
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Definition
Cedtela tonduzii
Family Meliaceae
Parapinate, alternate
Vertical fissions in barks
Cream colored flowers bee pollinated
Capsule with 5 flat pods dihiscent
Briefly deciduous |
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Term
| Bats detect via ecolocation |
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Definition
Macuna urens
Family Papilionaceae
Flowers are green with large amounts of nectar to attracts bats (pollenators)
Brown pods with irritation hairs
Liana
Disperesed by rodents such as agutis through cacheing |
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Term
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Definition
Hyparrhenia rufa
Cultivated pasture grass
Resistant to abuse, but not the greatest
Reddish brown
Colm flowering 2 m
Mast
Wind dispersed |
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Term
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Definition
Manilkara zapota
Black bark corky swampy habitata
Small white flower pollinator small insect
Brown fruid
Needs intact forest to grow |
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Term
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Definition
Guazuma ulmifolia
Family sterculiaceae
Flowers in dry season yellow small insect
Pine coney fruit, plestocene |
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