• Adventure
• Western
• Detective
• Science Fiction
• Romance 

• Entertainment
• Pleasure
• Mind candy 

• Written to be sold
• Give people what they want
• Always have a happy ending
• Relaxation/Fun/Escape 

• Original
• Authors have something significant to say
• Seriously explore a character, idea or incident
• Not always a happy ending (ending can be ambiguous, ending can be abstract) 

• Growing relationship between heroines and hero
• Moves quickly, background info kept to a minimum, more uncertainty and tension created the better for anticipation
• love is the major interest, reader knows what characters do not

• American woman between the ages of 19 and 28 who reflects modern concerns
• Good looking, good personality, not an alcoholic or drug addict, common careers, her job cannot define her

Other woman- challenges heroine, opposite to heroine

Other man- Either the decent guy (friend) or selfish schemer

• Chronological
• Back and forth between the past and present
• In mediasres (in the middle of things)

• To identify a character's circumstances
• To get the reader's attention

Character and convey meanings

• External conflicts
• Internal conflicts

• Essential to plot
• Influenced by events just as events are shaped by characters

• Adds to readers' experience and enlarges readers' view of the world
• Usually a person
• Animal or inanimate object must have recognizable human qualities

• Indicate qualities associated with a character
• Suggest a character's nature
• Lack of a name can have meaning too

• Elements that frame the characters
• Time
• Place
• Social environment  

• Can evoke a mood or atmosphere
• Frequently shed light on character or action
• Time, location and physical features often relevant to purpose of story
• Author usually has purpose behind specifying or not specifying the setting

• Teller of the story
• Affects reader's understanding of the characters because it is told through this teller's perspective

A narrator who is a major or minor participant in the action (ex. I liked the cookie)

• Omniscient narrator
• Editorial omniscience
• Neutral omniscience
• Limited omniscient narrator
• Stream of conciousness 
• Objective point of view

• Takes reader inside the character
• Is all-knowing
• Can move from place to place, pass back and forth through time
• Can report characters' thoughts and feelings as well as what they say and do

• Takes reader inside one or two characters, either major or minor
• Reader has access to thoughts and feelings of the characters revealed by the narrator, but no access to inner lives of other characters

• Technique that takes a reader inside a character's mind to reveal perceptions, thoughts and feelings on a conscious or unconscious level
• Fragments, unlogical transitions, flow of thought
• Can create illusion that reader is reading thoughts as they occur

• Presents point of view of only narrator's (one character) consciousness
• Reader is restricted to the perceptions, thoughts, and feelings of that single character

• Interprets events different from the author
• Might lack self-knowledge
• May be innocent, inexperienced

• Youthful innocence
• Lack the sophistication to interpret what they see accurately
• Reader must go beyond this narrator's understanding to comprehend the situations described

Creation of the writer

Narrative voice is NOT necessarily the voice of the author

• Person, object or event that suggests more than its literal meaning
• Sheds light on a story's meaning

• A character, object or incident that indicates a fixed meaning
• Focus on abstract idea called forth by concrete object
• Normally definitive, not suggestive
• Drives meaning into a corner, keeps it there

• Aesop's Fables (The Tortoise and the Hare)
• Animal Farm
• Lord of the Flies

The central idea or meaning of a story

Means of clarifying our thinking of what we have read and felt intuitively

• Distinguish between the theme and the subject of a story
• Based on the evidence within a story 

• Title
• Details with potential symbolic meaning
• Does protagonist change or develop imp insight as a result of action 
• Generalized statement
• Don't use cliches

The distinctive manner in which a writer arranges words to achieve particular effects

Reveals tone

Savannah, Georgia

Spent most of life in Milledgeville, GA

• Southern Gothic
• Prophecy
• Evangelistic Roman Catholicism