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| artist during the renaissance. Created Madonna and Child which pictures a beautiful woman and a baby. They are more life like than the paintings before the Renaissance. Also the artist uses perception and more colors. |
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| rich family in Florence, who took in Michelangelo to create beautiful art in order to show how rich they were. Family became broke soon, because showing their power by hiring artists led to their debt. |
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| monk who struggles with his faith and breaks away from the catholic church. He protests indulgences, posts 95 Theses, translates bible to German, and creates Lutheranism. great fear of going to hell and started religious revolution. |
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| Pope during Protestant Reformation. Is broke, and poor spiritual leader. He also excommunicates Luther. Holds Diet of Worms to get Luther to renounce his beliefs. |
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| King of England who wants to divorce wife, Catherine of Aragon to marry Anne of Boleyn. Pope will not divorce him, so he breaks away from catholicism and begins new religion called Anglicanism. This causes many religious wars between countries. |
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| Famous artist who painted a Mural on the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. He was inspired by the art in Florence and learned about the human body by working at a morgue. Abused as a child and was taken in and worked at the Medici estate. |
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| An italian painter and architect from Florence in the late middle ages. He was known as one of the first artists that contributed to the Italian Renaissance. He created Madonna and Child in pre- Renaissance version |
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| suffered moral weaknesses, materialism, and extravagant art purchases (i.e. financing Michelangelo's and Raphael's careers) also commissions Sistine Chapel. |
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| was trained as a lawyer and therefore saw theology as a wrestling of two issues: moral behavior and salvation. Believed pre-destination and the elect. |
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| was an italian Dominican priest and leader of Florence from 1494 until his execution in 1498. He was known for his book Burning Destruction of what he considered immoral art, and hostility to the renaissance. |
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| killed 1\3 of the world's population, is the greatest evidence of the price of ignorance, because no one knew the germs spread the disease. Ane with feudalism as the governing system of the time, it led to more chaos. Killed jews because of it. Also partied it up. considered to be the "end of time". Killed a third of Europe's population in 3 years. |
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| Parish priest served the people in his parish by ministering 5\7 sacraments. The lowest ranked, least formal education, and th elowest wage. The parish priest is the classroom teacher. They administered in their local parish. Lollards- the mumblers. He made up Latin. |
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| monks and nuns believed that Christianity is about withdrawing from the world. Pray, fast, and have self- denial, have no possessions. Took care of sick and poor and helped around the schools. All of the monks copied the books\bibles\greek and roman books to keep them in circulation. They kept civilization alive. When Europe finally got money, there was a need of a challenge for the church. Saved ancient greek and roman text. |
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| managed the diocese and are usually chosen by powerful noble. Usually feudal lordsor vassals. He never goes to church. Not educated in church matters either. Only went to church for their funeral. |
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| Head of the church. He had his curia. Rome fell in the 400's. Catholics control Europe for thousands of years. More power than any other noble. Has the power to ban you from heaven. But who guards the guardian? Has the most money but no one watches over him so he strays from church. |
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| when knigs and nobles reward their friends by making them bishops or abbots. |
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| powerful landowner who owns more land than he can control. gives his land to his vassals\ points people who are strong enough to run the land, but not so strong to kill him. |
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| church official who never goes to church. Not educated in church matters. only wen to church for their own funeral. |
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| people wanted to get paid for getting positions in the church |
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| monks in reverse. thought it was okay to make money. They spread catholics to south america and india and africa and they reformed the church. Trent made it more spiritual and eliminated corruption. |
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| individual humans were capable of great accomplishments; it freed the remarkable individuals and geniuses such as Leonardo Da Vinci; for the first time people signed their paintings. It often meant a lust for fame. |
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| a literary movement that begins in the 14th century Italy. instead of being obsessed with the church, it was about exploring the human condition. it was inspired by Greek and Roman literature, which was preserved by Muslim civilization and Christian monks. |
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| one way in which feudal justice was administered. the accused and the accuser each gathered a group of people who swore that "their" man was telling the truth. Similar to today's witnesses in trials. |
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| national languages. Writers started writing in their ow languages. (ex. Dante in Italy, Luther in Germany, Shakepearre in England, and Cervantes in Spain) |
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| church comes to power with the fall of Rome. Rome falls in the year 400. It falls due to German visogoths, and Vandals who invade. |
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| people who were bound to the land. These are the lord's tenants. |
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| to live putside religious control. Before people did not think that they could do anything outside of the church. (did not happen suddenly) |
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| one way in which feudal justice was administered. The accused and the accuser (or the men that represented them) fought in a duel. the outcome determined guilt or innocence. |
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| rebirth or revival of learning and art. It began in Italy, and started in Florence, and will ultimately fuel the Protestant Reformation. |
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| prejudice against or hostility towards jews. It was fueled by Martin Luther, who hated jews. This feeling spread out through many people and one of the most devastating historic events in the world, the Holocaust was started by it. |
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| the belief started by Martin Luther that says salvation is for everybody who has faith in god. This was a new idea and it challenged the church becaus eit meant that the Catholic Church's ceremonies were unimportant. |
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| the belief of Calvinism that when people are born, their salvation is decided. You know at birth whether you are going to heaven or hell. |
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| the belief of Calvinism that you can determine whether a person is going to heaven or not. People who are elect dress, talk, act, and show themselves as leaders and other people acknowledge and follow them. |
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| Belief of Anabaptist is that a child cannot be baptized because they do not understand what it is; the basis of anabaptism belief which creates the freedom or religion in the USA. (They are hunted and killed in England, which makes them flee to the New Land and began the freedom of religion) |
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| the formal meeting of the Roman Catholic Church |
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| a war between mostly the Protestants and Catholics. A lot of its battles were fought in Germany which resulted in its devastation. The Treaty of Westphalia ended the 30 years War. |
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| policy was to weaken and divide Germany. As a result Germay wants revenge developing a hate for France. This causes WWI and WWII |
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| During the years of Protestant Reformations when many new ideas and religions came about, Germany was effected greatly. Many if not all of the battles were fought in Germany and so the country had to be strong which made their soldiers very aggresive and violent. This results in WWI and WWII. |
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| Grant of land. form of contract between a lord and vassal during Feudalism. The vassal ahd to provide military services to the lord and lord gave the vassal land to farm and manage. |
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