Term
Double Fertilization
.pollen completely contains?
.and gets delivered by?
.Pollen tube grows toward?
.Male gametophyte produces? that ?
One sperm fertilized egg cell, the other? to form specialized? known as ? which? |
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Definition
Pollen completely contains sperm-producing, haploid male gametophyte & gets delivered by pollinators close to the egg-producing female gametophyte (completely contained in unpollinated seeds called ovules)
Pollen tube grows towards ovule; male gametophyte produces 2 sperm that travel down pollen tube to ovule.
One sperm fertilized egg cell, the other fuses with 2 other nuclei in the female gametophyte to form specialized TRIPLOID tissue known as endosperm which nourishes the developing embryo |
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Term
Fruits
.female gametophyte is always?
fruits are?
.Can be?
.Can posses?
.some fruits are technically? |
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Definition
Female gametophyte is always contained within the sporophyte; fertilized ovules are now seeds, which already contain a new sporophyte
Fruits are the ovary with a seed or multiple seeds inside
-Can be dry or fleshy, depending on dispersal mechanism
-Can possess one or many seeds & form from multiple ovaries in one flower; some “fruits” (like pineapple) are technically many fruits from many different flowers fused together into one structure. |
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Term
Fruit Dispersal Mechanisms
.Types of dispersion |
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Definition
Most seeds contained in fleshy fruits are dispersed in poop (birds, mammals, etc.)
Many are wind-dispersed (e.g. dandelion)
Some are dispersed by animals burying them (nuts like acorns buried and forgotten by squirrels and, especially, jays)
Some stick to the outside of animal fur
Some can float for long distances (e.g. coconuts in the ocean)
Some small seeds are dispersed short distances by ants |
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Term
Shoot and Root Meristems
.Apical meristem can? through production of? What is that?
.Cutting off...allows? |
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Definition
| -Apical meristem can inhibit development of axillary meristems (i.e. inhibit branching) through production of Auxin, a plant hormone involved in growth and communication between plant tissues. Cutting off auxin-producing shoot tip allows lateral shoot meristems to start elongating. |
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Term
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Definition
| Areas of rapid cell division with undifferentiated cells that will eventually go on to become specific tissues- leaves, flowers, fruits, stem, vasculature, etc. (much like stem cells in animals) |
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Term
Plant Secondary Growth
.plant secondary growth is?
.Cells to inside of ____ become?
.Cells to outside become?
.___is produced much more_____ |
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Definition
=Growth in stem width (girth) from a ring of internal meristem cells- the vascular cambium- in many plants.
Cells to the inside of the vascular cambium become new xylem cells (dead, hollow, water transport), cells to the outside become new phloem (living cells which transport sugar, etc.). Xylem is produced much more rapidly than new phloem and becomes what we use as wood. |
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Term
Transpiration:
.water loss through?
.pull___ up from_____
.Must be___ to prevent___
.Some plants are specialized to allow? |
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Definition
-Water loss through STOMATA, the pores through which CO2 can reach photosynthetic cells
-Pulls water (and dissolved nutrients) up from roots; more water lost, more pulled from roots, more nutrients delivered
-Must be managed to prevent excess water loss, particularly during drought
-Some plants (especially desert/rock plants) are specialized to allow CO2 in only at night when water loss is minimal and store it until daytime when light is available for photosynthesis |
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Term
Medicinal Plants:
.drugs
.chemical defenses |
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Definition
| Most drugs (both legal and illegal) are either made directly from plants or are chemically synthesized or altered versions of compounds originally discovered in plants; most are chemical defenses evolved to avoid being eaten by insects |
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Term
Carnivorous Plants
-Digest?for?
.allow carnivorous plants to?
Some trap?with?
Some attract? |
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Definition
| Digest insects for source of inorganic nutrients (N, P, K ) that most plants get through roots; allows carnivorous plants to grow in nutrient-poor environments where most other plants can’t. Some trap aquatic animals with underwater traps. Some attract animals which poop/pee into them as ‘fertilizer.’ |
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