Term
| Before the rise of civilization people were nomadic. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| They traveled from place to place hunting and gathering food. |
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Term
| How was the behavior of nomadic people regulated |
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Definition
| Through unwritten customs |
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Term
| How did ancient people progress in their social organization? |
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Definition
| Nomadic clans to tribes to villages to city-states to empires. |
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Term
| The first civilizations developed near these two rivers. |
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Definition
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Term
| Why did the first civilizations develop in river valleys? |
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Definition
| Because annual flooding left silt on the surrounding land which enriched the soil. |
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Term
| How did the first farmers cope with challenges posed by rivers? |
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Definition
| They learned to control flooding and use irrigation systems |
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Term
| what was the name of the area that gave birth to the first civilizations? |
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Definition
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Term
| What do all civilizations need to survive and grow? |
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Definition
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Term
| What was the first civilization of the ancient world? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the five key elements of civilization? |
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Definition
1)Centeralized Government
2) Organized religion
3) Arts, Architecture and public works
4) Job specialization and social classes
5) Writing |
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Term
| What does polytheistic mean? |
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Definition
| Believed in many gods and goddesses |
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Term
| How did the Hebrews differ from the other ancient people? |
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Definition
| Were monotheistic not polytheistic |
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Term
| What was the most important religious duty of ancient citizens? |
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Definition
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Term
| What were temples in the Fertile Crescent called? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stood at the top of each Ziggurat? |
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Definition
| A shrine to the chief god or goddess of the city. |
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Term
| Why did ancient rulers build large palaces and temples? |
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Definition
| To make the citizens believe in the power and strength of the rulers and gods |
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Term
| What claim did ancient rulers justify their authority? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does it mean when we say that rulers in the ancient world were hereditary leaders? |
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Definition
| Leadership was passed down from father to son |
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Term
| What caused conflicts among the first civilizations of the Fertile Crescent? |
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Definition
| They competed to control land and water |
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Term
| What developed as a result of the need to control the rivers, collect taxes, and build public works projects? |
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Definition
| The first centralized governments in history |
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Term
| list any three groups of people who developed in civilizations in the Fertile Crescent |
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Definition
| Akkadians, Assyrians, Babylonians, Hebrews, Hittites, Medes, Persians, Phoenicians, and Sumerians |
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Term
| What tasks did the first organized governments perform? |
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Definition
| Write laws, collect taxes, provide food supply, and maintain defense |
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Term
| Why were the first laws written? |
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Definition
| To regulate the behavior of people who were now strangers to one in other cities |
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Term
| In ancient world, who was specially trained to read and write? |
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Definition
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Term
| What did ancient people invent to record grain harvests and keep accurate records of the seasons? |
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Definition
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Term
| How did ancient rulers use public works projects to ensure cities' food supplies? |
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Definition
| Built irrigation systems, roads, and bridges and kept records of harvests |
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Term
| How did ancient rulers use public works projects to provide the defense of the city? |
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Definition
| Built walls around the city to protect it from attack |
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Term
| How did cities chance the way people worked? |
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Definition
| People specialized in jobs for the first time. |
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Term
| Why were people able to specialize in jobs in early civilizations? |
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Definition
| Surpluses in food meant that not everyone had to search for food |
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Term
| Ranking people according to their jobs led to this |
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Definition
| The development of the first social classes |
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