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| general aspects of the Hellenic Culture |
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| philosophers, architecture, religion, monarchy, classic greece, oligarchy and theatre |
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| result of the peloponnesian war |
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Harsh peace imposed on athens long walls and piraeus destoryed surrender most ships and become spartan allie
30 tyrants-porspartan oligarchy
sparta attempts to control with harsh rule and overextension
emergence of thebes in the 4th century
persia takes a bigger role |
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| pro spartan oligarchy (rule by a few pro spartan athenians) |
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| 386BCE favored sparta abandoned greek cities in ionia and cyprus-larger trend or persian involvement in greek affairs (the persians don't want them occupying territories and improves influence over greece) |
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371BCE Sparta defeated by thebians with a new tactics( attack one part of opposing line with mass of troops)
led by pelopidas and epaminondas
trend of one citystate attacked by others wich weakens greece |
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trend of one city state powerful wich is then attacked by majority of the others-weaken greece
trend toward professional politicians (wich now get paid) |
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| Social and political change in the Poleis |
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Definition
citizens less interested in public affairs due to more specialization of labor focus on private affairs( trade and craft) and personal security over public service
use of mercenary troops and professional political leaders(rhetoric) less of the pops involved in public life and affairs Hellenism maintained |
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phillip of macedonia- king of macedonia with capital at pella in 359BCE held hostage at thebes by epaminondas as young man- learned military tactics and leadership abilities
highly disciplined and well trained military -phalanx with longer pike or sarissa(5meters) and precise movement(wedge shaped formation to attack)
new tactics to defeate trditional hoplite phalanx |
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highly disciplined and well trained military -phalanx with longer pike or sarissa(5meters) and precise movement(wedge shaped formation to attack)
new tactics to defeate trditional hoplite phalanx |
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| a series of speecehs delivered to athens warning them tht phillip was trying to take over, and tht it wsnt good delivered by demonsthenese(spelling?) |
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the battle after philip comes to power athens and thebes make an alliance against himso its between macedonia and athens&thebes
and alexander leads the cavalry when hes 18
philip is still in rule, alexander's 1st battle in 338
macedonia won |
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forced alliance by philip of all the greek city statres
except sparta |
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Term
| march of the 10,000(anabasis) |
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Definition
inspirational story about invasion of 10,000 greek mercenaries into persia
described by xenophon, in anabasis of march inland:persian prince, cyrus, desired to overthrow his brother, king artaxerxes deal to aid him in 401 BCE
fought the battle at kounaxa, victory for greeks, cyprus killed and the persians defeated, greeks elected new generals-xenophon one-marched north to the black sea(trapezous) persian rule is not stable because of the borthers trying to overflow each other shows how persia isnt as strong anymore |
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Term
| Palace intrigues and the assasanation of philip |
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Definition
| phiip killed by paulsanaius(spelling?) |
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| Main aspects of Alexander's personality |
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Definition
intelligent and ambitious son of philip and olympias born in 356BCE tutor of artistole-led the cavalry at chaironea
conflict betweent alexander and philip:second wifevs.olympias
revolt of thebes against the league of corinth-city destroyed by alexander
parents fighting
question of his father's identity
taught by his father
educated by artistole
military knowledge
mother's influence
driven by father
potent personality |
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| alexander's main fighting crew with his bffls |
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334-330 important battles-granicus,issus,seige of tyre-trade city built land bridge
weakness of the persians-conquered groups support alexander after his victories
liberates egypt in 332,proclaimed son of amon-support by population over persians
defeat darius at guagamels-control majority of the empire,moved east continual compaigning |
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| 334 5,000 cavalry,30,00 infantry persians 15,000 cavalry,18,000infantry (8000 greeks) garrison troops&mercenaries (not best of the best) |
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| 333 bc Greeks:5000 cavalry 26000 infantry, persians:12000 cavalry 100,000 infantry (80,000 persians 10,000 immortals 10,000 greeks) |
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| legend--knot stuck to pole,whoever undos it is king of world alexander chops know with his sword (feeds his legend and shows about his personality) |
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| darius attempted to bribe alexander with the land of west euphrates and darius' daughter to stop fighting but alexander refused because he pretty much already had the land already and he was stud enough to get his own women |
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331 greek 7,000 cavalry 50,000infantry persians 200,000+ infantry 45,000 cavalry 200 sethed chariots, 50 war elephants, (javelin throwers,fling rocks were alexanders army)
focus on outnumberedness contorl over babylon&susa moves away from fertile cresent this causes people to quesiton because e already conquered |
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| Alexander's legacy and 3 effects |
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Definition
took over almost all of the surrounding area and had a short but glorious life. 3 effects
better war tactics
better weapons
better training |
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died of fever after return to babylon in 322BCE at age 32
division into 3 parts led by generals
macedonia(antigonus)-antigonids
Egypt(ptolemy)-Ptolemies
Western asia (seleuces)-the seleucids |
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mixing of cultures-all groups conquered by persians are mixing with greeks
division of alexander's empire into 3 areas-greece, egypt, and persia |
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mystery religion/cults they keep greek gods sacrifices and festivals
worship egyptian goddesses serapis and isis promise of individual immortality and purification
have fortune/fate as a goddess |
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| Epicurus live in solitude with friends witout conflict |
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zeno-stoicism
active response
in harmony with divine plan
endure problems of the world
human reason
enduring whats gonna happen |
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| greek sophisits of the 5th century were skeptical |
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| less involement of political issues |
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| hellenistic science & math: astronomy |
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| aristarchus of somos:sun 300 times bigger than the earth and heliocentric theroy of the universe ptolemy(2nd century) geocentric theroy |
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| hellenisitic science&math: geometry |
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| erastosthenes-cirumfrence of the earth (25,000miles) Euclid-the elements-proofs archimedes calculated pi |
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| Hellenistic science and math: biology |
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| ptolemy II's zoo in alexandria- collection of animals, herophilos-study of the brain/nervous system, erasistratos- study of the heart/circulatory system |
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| winged victory of Samonthrace |
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| snese of motion in marble robes and wings |
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generals of thebes during battle of leuktra in 371
thebes fell when they died at the battle of mantinea in 362
taught philip war techniques when he was hostage in thebes |
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| Praixtlees/ Skopas/Lysippos |
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Definition
| sculptors in the 4th century that put arches together to form domes |
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| political leader who warned athens about threat of philip in the series of speeches called philippic |
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king of macedonia who came to power in 359 and made his capital pella
used the new military tactics he learned from thebans
developed sarisssa
father of alexander |
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described the march of the 10000 in the anabasis
elected general after cyrus died |
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| persian prince who wanted to overthrow his brother artaxerxes and organized the march of the 10000 killed in the battle of kounaxa |
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| king od persia who was attacked by brother cyrus in march of 10000 |
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| taught rhetoric and was pro philip because he thought greece should be brought under one ruler |
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son of phiilip and olympias born in 356 bce
became king of macedonia when his dad died in 336
led cavalry in battel of chaironeia
with horse
boukephalos |
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| alexanders mom who was not from macedonia and was one of philips wives and very involved in politics |
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| supposed lover of philip and killed philip |
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| alexanders horse that he rescued as a boy |
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| king of persia during alexanders conquet of persia |
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satrap of bactria who killed philip and wanted to become king but was then killed by alexander
killed darius*** |
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son of alexanders general parmenio
alexander executed him
because he did not tell him about the mutiny |
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| alexanders most trusted general who he also executed |
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fouunder ofr antigonieds of greece
one of the kingdoms |
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