Term
| IN which species are uterine torsions most common? At which point do they become clinicaly significant? |
|
Definition
-cattle
-at or more than 90 degrees |
|
|
Term
| What are some causes of uterine rupture? |
|
Definition
-secondary to torsion or dystocia usually closer to cervix)
-infuion of fluids to treat (usually closer to ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| What results from uterine rupture? |
|
Definition
| -secondary peritonitis: adhesions and reduced fertility |
|
|
Term
| IN which species do vascular accidents of the uterus occur (rupture of middle uterine artery)? |
|
Definition
-horses and cows -hemodynamic
-aged mares
-low serum copper
-dystocia |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 major causes of middle uterine artery accident in hroses? |
|
Definition
-hemodynamic
-aged mares
-low serum copper
-dystocia |
|
|
Term
| Describe how common uterine prolapse is in animal species. |
|
Definition
-cow>> sheep/goats >> swine
-also occurs in horses but not commonly |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 predisposing factors to uterine prolapse? |
|
Definition
-prolonged dystocia/forced traction
-retained placenta
-postparturient hypocalcemia
-hyperestrogenism |
|
|
Term
| What are the major sequelae of uterine prolapse? |
|
Definition
-congestion and edema leading to hemorrhage and necrosis
-sepsis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -sub-involution of placental sites |
|
|
Term
| What causes SIPS in canines? |
|
Definition
| -fail of placental trophoblast cells to regress |
|
|
Term
| What are the clinical signs of SIPS in the dog? |
|
Definition
-blood vaginal discharge
-peritonitis can happen if infection becomes transmural |
|
|
Term
| What are the predisposing factors of endometrial hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
-estrogenic analogues in LA
-hormonal cycles in dogs |
|
|
Term
| What does endometrial hyperplasia grossly look like? |
|
Definition
| -thickened with visible cysts |
|
|
Term
| What are the possible sequelae of endometrial hyperplasia? |
|
Definition
-reduced fertility
-cystic hyperplastic endometritis
-dystocia
-uterine prolapse |
|
|
Term
| What is adenomyosis? What causes it? IN which species does it occur? |
|
Definition
-presence of endometrial glands within the muscular wall of the uterus
-caused by estrogen stimulation
-occurs in the queen, cow, bitch, and potbellied pig |
|
|
Term
| What is endometriosis? In which spp does it occur? |
|
Definition
-explant of endometrial tissue outside of the uterus
-humans and other primates |
|
|
Term
| Is the uterus resistant or susceptible to infectious agents during estrus? What about during diesterus/pregnancy? |
|
Definition
-estrus = highly resistant
-progesterone control = susceptible b/c PG is moderately immunosuppresive and anti-inflammatory |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common route of infection to the uterus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -limited to inner mucosal lining of the endometrium |
|
|
Term
| What is the purpose of the Kenney grading system? |
|
Definition
| -checking to see if irreversible fibrosis due to endometritis has reuslted in infertility |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -all area of the endometrium involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| -only outer serosal surface involved |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a common effect of uterine cysts? |
|
Definition
| -infertility b/c messes with implantation |
|
|
Term
| What is the main difference between canine uterine cysts and mare uterine cysts? |
|
Definition
-canine cysts are lined by epithelium
-equine cysts are lymphatic |
|
|
Term
| What are some examples of uterine neoplasia? |
|
Definition
-carcinomas
-lymphomas
-Spindle cell
-Uterine carcinoma: only common in cattle
-Bovine Leukosis
-Leiomyoma
-Leiomyosarcoma
-Fibrosarcoma
-Fibroids |
|
|
Term
| Where does bovine leukosis occur in the body? |
|
Definition
| -HAULS: Heart, Abomasum, Uterus, Lymph nodes, Spine |
|
|
Term
| What is a common cuase of bovine leukosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common neoplasm in the domestic rabbit? |
|
Definition
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