Term
| In general, what are some infectious causes of aboriton? |
|
Definition
| -bacteria, viruses, fungi, protozoa |
|
|
Term
| In general, what are some non-infectious causes of abortion?> |
|
Definition
| -toxic, iatrogenci (hormonal), vascular accident/trauma |
|
|
Term
| When during pregnancy do most abortions occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some abortion lesions seen on the placenta? |
|
Definition
-edema
-discolortaionsL necrosis, inflamm, hem, etc |
|
|
Term
| What are some fetal lesions seen due to aboriton? |
|
Definition
| -autolysis, septicemia, brain malformations, anasarca |
|
|
Term
| What are some abortion lesiosn seen in the dam? |
|
Definition
| -metritis, weight loss, etc |
|
|
Term
| What are some sequelae of retained fetal membranes? |
|
Definition
| -edometirits, septicemia, DIC |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the causes of retained fetal membranes? |
|
Definition
| -infectious, nutritional, hormonal, circulatory, hereditary, environmental, but usually multifactorial |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common non-infectious cause of abortion in the mare? |
|
Definition
| -twinnin: growth retardation and placental insufficiency cuases 80% to abort mid-gestation |
|
|
Term
| What is the most important cuase of abortion in the mare? |
|
Definition
| -premature placental separation |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for premature placental separation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the second most common non-infectious cause of equine abortion in US? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How long is a normal equine Thoroughbred umbilical cord? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| In which species does adventitial placentation occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the clinical significance of hippomanes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
-cervix closed and environment sterile
-mare durin gtwin pregnancy
-sow subsequent to parvovirus infection |
|
|
Term
| What is fetal maceration? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does fetal maceration occur? |
|
Definition
| -when bacteria is present |
|
|
Term
| What are the 9 important cuases of cattle abortions? |
|
Definition
| -BVDV, leptospirosis, brucellosis, neospora, IBR (BHV-1), mycotic, A. pyogenes, sporadic bacteria, trichomonas |
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 important causes of infectious sheep/goat abortions? |
|
Definition
| -coxiella burnetii, campylobacter, chlamydophila, toxoplasmosis, leptospirosis |
|
|
Term
| What are the 7 important causes of infectious equine abortion? |
|
Definition
| -EHV-1, EVA, mycotic, Strep equi zooepidemicus, Staph, E coli, MRLS (Mare Repro Loss Syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| What are the 4 important causes of infectious swine abortion? |
|
Definition
| -PRRSV, Parvovirus, Leptospirosis, Pseudorabies |
|
|
Term
| What is the important cause of infectious canine aboriton? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the Campylobacter sp. in cattle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions seen in cattle due to Campylobacter sp? |
|
Definition
| -chorioallantosi edema: cotyledon necrosis |
|
|
Term
| When during pregnancy does abortion due to Campylobacter sp in cattle occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What Campylobacter species cause abortion in sheep and goats? |
|
Definition
| -C fetus fetus and C. jejuni |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see on sheep/goat fetus due to Campylobacter spp? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see on the dam ddue to Campylobacter spp in sheep and goats? Is only one animal affected? |
|
Definition
-intercotyledonary edema and friable cotyledons
-abortion outbreaks |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lesions seen on the dam dur to Brucella abortus in cattle. In the fetus? |
|
Definition
-Dam: IC edema (leathery) cotyedon necrosis
-Fetus: cavitary effusionn/ pneumonia |
|
|
Term
| How is Brucella canis transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -venereal or ingestion transmission |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see in the dam with Brucella canis? What about the fetus? |
|
Definition
-Dam: placentitis, lymphadenitis
-Fetus: dendocarditis, pneumonia, kidney, hemorrhage, hepatitis |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see in the dam with B. ovis in sheep? What about in the fetus? |
|
Definition
-DAm: epididymitis and placentitis
-Fetus: pneumonia, nephritis, etc |
|
|
Term
| Where do you see B. melitensis in sheep and goats geographically? |
|
Definition
| -Mediterranean, Latin America |
|
|
Term
| What is important about B. melitensis? |
|
Definition
-CDC Category B bioterrorist agent
-zoonotic through cheeses |
|
|
Term
| When during pregnancy does abortion occur due to B. melitensis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions occur in pigs due to Brucella suis in addition to abortion? |
|
Definition
-mucopurulent exidate and miliary (granulomatous endometritis) in the uterus
-also get infection in bones and joints |
|
|
Term
| What is the reservoir of Brucella suis in the USA? Is it zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the agent of Coxiella burnetii? Describe the affected species? |
|
Definition
-Coxiella burnetii
-goats >> sheep > cattle |
|
|
Term
| HOw is Q fever transmitted? Is it zoonotic? |
|
Definition
-ingestion or inhalation
-yes |
|
|
Term
| What placental lesions are seen due to Q fever? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the name for disease resulting frm Chlamydophila abortus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the herdwide consequences of Chlamydophila abortus. |
|
Definition
| -late term abortion storms |
|
|
Term
| How is Chlamydophila abortus transmited? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions do we see in response to Chlamydophila abortus in addition to abortion? |
|
Definition
| -thick leathery placenta with superficial exudate |
|
|
Term
| What is the name for disease caused by foothills abortion? |
|
Definition
| -epizootic bovine abortion |
|
|
Term
| Where does foothills abortion occur geographically? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is foothills abortion transmitted? |
|
Definition
| -Ornithodoras tick transmittion |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see on the fetus in response to foothills abortion? |
|
Definition
| -hepatomegaly, thymic atrophy, vasculitis |
|
|
Term
| Which serovar of Leptospirosis is seen in cattle? Swine? |
|
Definition
-Hardjo and pomona
-Pomona and bratislava |
|
|
Term
| When during pregnancy does abortion occur due ot Leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see on the fetus due to Leptospirosis? |
|
Definition
| -Ascites, fibrinous peritonitis |
|
|
Term
| What do we see in response to Listeria monocytogenes? Lesions in the dam? Lesions in the fetus? |
|
Definition
-sproadic abortions in ruminants
-Dam: necrosuppurative placentitis
-FEtus: hepatomegaly and small yellow foci |
|
|
Term
| In which species is Listeria monocytogenes most important? Is it zoonotic? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What agents cause mycotic abortion? |
|
Definition
-Aspergillus
-Phycomycetes: Mucor |
|
|
Term
| What lesions do you see on the placenta due to mycotic abortion? |
|
Definition
| -enlarged, brown, friable cotyledons |
|
|
Term
| What fetal lesions do you see due to mycotic abortion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which species are affected by herpes? What lesions do you see? |
|
Definition
-cow, mare, sow, oat, dog
-hepatomegaly, multiple foci of ecrosis, splenic lymphoid necrosis, inclusion bodies |
|
|
Term
| Which cells does EHV-1 attack? What does this cause? |
|
Definition
-uterine endothelial cells
-vasculitis, thrombosis, infarction of the endometrium
-leads to fluid loss of subsequent separation of the maternal and fetal layers of the placenta |
|
|
Term
| What fetal lesions do we see due to BVD? |
|
Definition
| -abortion, cerebelar hypoplasia, microphtalmia, and retinal dyspasia |
|
|
Term
| What lesions in the adult are caused by BVD? |
|
Definition
| -hemorrhagic thrombocytopenia |
|
|
Term
| What are the artiriviruses that cause abortion in the horse and pig? |
|
Definition
-horses: EVAV
-pigs: PRRSV |
|
|
Term
| Which breeds of horses are more affected by EVA? |
|
Definition
| -Standerdbreds and Warmbloods |
|
|
Term
| What fetal lesions are seen in response to EVA? |
|
Definition
| -vasculitis and paintbrush hemorrhages |
|
|
Term
| What are the lesions seen in adult horses seen due to EVA? Who carries it? |
|
Definition
-edema and vasculitis
-stallion |
|
|
Term
| How is Porcine Reproductve Respiratory Syndrome diagnosed? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions are seen due to Porcine Repro Resp Syndrome? |
|
Definition
-umbilical cord hemorrhages
-interstitial pneumonia in young and adult pigs |
|
|
Term
| Which animas are affected by Bluetongue? When during pregnancy does the resulting abortion occur? Vector? |
|
Definition
-sheep and cattle
-third trimester
-Culicoides |
|
|
Term
| What are the three primary protozoal vectors of abortifactive diseases? |
|
Definition
-Toxoplasma gondii
-Neospora caninum
-Tritichomonas foetus |
|
|
Term
| Describe the lifecycle of Toxoplasma gondii in general. |
|
Definition
| -Cat-sheep life cycle: ca ingests the sheep fetal membranes and the cat feces contaminate the sheep feeed |
|
|
Term
| Describe the fetal lesions seen due to Toxoplasma gondii. |
|
Definition
| -edema of the intercotyledonary chorioallantois, foci of inflammation, necrosis, and mineralization |
|
|
Term
| Which species is most commonly affected by NEospora caninum? When during pregnancy does abortion occur? |
|
Definition
-dairy caows
-2nd trimester |
|
|
Term
| What lesions are seen in adult cattle due to Neospora caninum? |
|
Definition
| -inflammation in multiple organ systems |
|
|
Term
| What is a good diagnostic sample for Neospora caninum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesions are seen in the adult due to Tritrichomonas foetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What diagnostic sample do we collect to diagnose Tritrichomonas foetus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
Where do we see Mare Repro Loss s
yndrome? Which breed is most commonly affected? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the vector of Mare Repro Loss Syndrome? |
|
Definition
| -Eastern tent caterpillar |
|
|
Term
| What are the pathologies resulting from Mare Repro Loss Syndrome? |
|
Definition
-early embryonic deaths
-red bag deliveries
-3rd trimester abortions |
|
|
