Term
| Definition: Hermaphrodite |
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Definition
| -gonadal tissue of both sexes |
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Term
| Definition: Pseudohermaphrodite |
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Definition
| -gonadal tissue of one sex but phenotypic expression of the opposite sex |
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Term
| What is White heifer disease? |
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Definition
-occurs in Shorthorn heifers
-loss of development of one or more of the uterine horns leading to persistent hymen etc |
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Term
| What are the clinical consequences of white heifer disease? |
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Definition
| -persistent hymen that progresses to pyometra |
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Term
| What is the technical term for uterus duplication? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the technical term for the development of only one viable uterine horn? |
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Definition
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Term
| From which duct system does female reproductive stuff develop? |
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Definition
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Term
| IN which normal is a double cervix normal? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a free martin female? |
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Definition
| -female that is born co-twin with a male that is reproductively sterile |
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Term
| What physiologically causes free martins? |
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Definition
| -placental vascular anastomoses allow exchange of blood b/n fetuses = male chromosome masculinizes the female fetus via pdn of Mullerian inhibitory substance |
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Term
| What are the direct outcomes of Mullerian inhibitory substance presence? |
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Definition
-hypoplasia
-clitoral enlargement
-ovarian abnormalities/ovotestes |
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Term
| How do we presumptively diagnose freemartin heifers? Definitively? |
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Definition
-assumed in dairy industry when male + female set of twines (90% rate)
-palpation is suggestive
-molecular genetics are definitive |
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Term
| In which animals are vaginal cysts most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are GArtner's duct cysts? |
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Definition
| -Wolffian duct remnant in females |
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Term
| What are Bartholin's gland cysts? |
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Definition
| -functional mucus gland in the lateral vaginal wall that can cause an obstruction |
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Term
| What do vaginal cysts often cause? |
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Definition
-inflammation: acute/chronic vaginiis
-scar tissue
-hyperestrogenism: plants and pharmaceuticals
-highly chlorinate dnaphthalenes |
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Term
| What is the physiologic cause of vulvar tumefaction? |
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Definition
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Term
| IN which animal is vulvar tumefaction most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some pathologic causes of vulvar tumefaction? |
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Definition
-ALL CAUSED BY HYPERESTROGENISM
-Zearalenone (moldy corn): mycotoxin
-Alfalfa (coumestans)
-Clover (isoflavones) |
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Term
| What are the pathological results of vulvar tumefaction? |
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Definition
| -atrophic ovarian tissue leading to anestrus, mammary enlargement, atrophy of ovaries, and/or rectal prolapse |
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Term
| What is the most common cause of post-parturient vulva/vagina inflammation? Other causes? |
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Definition
-dystocia
-abrasions, partial tears
transmural tears
-peritonitis
-rectovaginal fistula formation |
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Term
| What causes granular vulvitis in cows? Is it more common in males or females? Clinical concerns? |
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Definition
-Ureaplasma, Mucoplasma
-more common in heifer
-largely self-limiting but creates sub-fertile conditions so should prevent |
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Term
| What is the other name for granular vulvitis in cows? |
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Definition
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Term
| What causes Infectious pustular vulvovaginitis? Transmission? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are some viruses that can cause vulva/vagina inflammation? |
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Definition
| -BHV-1, Caprine HV-1, EHV-3 (equine coital exanthema), CHV-2 |
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Term
| What are the 4 most common types of vulva/vagina neoplasia? |
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Definition
-TVT in dogs
-SCC: cow, ewe, mare, cat
-melanoma in gray mares
-fibropapillomas in cows |
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Term
| What are transmissible venereal tumors? Where do they usually occur? |
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Definition
-genetically and physically passed tumor
-not restricted to the genitalia but often occurs on dorsal wall of the vagina |
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Term
| How do we know that TVT is genetic as well as physically passed? |
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Definition
| -chromosomal aneuploidy with a retroviral insertion sequence |
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Term
| Where on the body do SCC occur? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does melanoma of gray mares occur on he body? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the most common cause of cervical inflammation? |
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Definition
| -parturition/breeding in large animals |
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Term
| What bug can cause cervical inflammation in the horse? |
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Definition
| -Taylorella equigenitalis |
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Term
| What kinds of neoplasia occur in the cervix? |
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Definition
| -smooth muscle neoplasia: Leiomyomas/ Leiomyosarcomas |
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Term
| What factors contribute to cervical/vagnal prolapse? |
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Definition
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