Term
Primordial germ cells
(oogonia) origination |
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Definition
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Term
| Where oogonia undergo mitosis |
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Definition
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Term
| Which cell stage oogonia are arrested |
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Definition
| Prophase 1 of meiotic division |
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Term
| Amount (and reason for the amount) of oogonia at puberty |
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Definition
| Atresia reduces the number from 1-2,000,000 to 400,000 |
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Term
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Definition
| Single layer of thin follicular cells which rest on basement membrane |
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Term
| First sign of activation of primordial follicle |
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Definition
| Follicular cells become cuboidal |
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Term
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Definition
| Cuboidal follicular cells and zona pellucida (sep. oocyte from granulosa) |
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Term
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Definition
- mitosis of folicular cells and granulosa cells
- oocyte forms cortical granule which will release at fertilization to prevent other sperm from entering
- this is the last hormone independent stage
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Term
| Hormonal differentiation of Follicles |
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Definition
| Especially FSH effects development of the preantral follicle and graafian follicle |
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Term
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Definition
Electrometabolic coupling of oocyte with granulosa cells (gap junctions)
theca differentiates into the external and internal
secretion of follicular fluid creates the antrum |
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Term
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Definition
enlargement of antrum
follicle reaches 2-2.5 cm
oocyte reaches maximum size (150 microm)
cumulus oophorus formation
stigma formation |
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Term
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Definition
Site in ovary where the cortex becomes very thin
Future site of rupture |
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Term
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Definition
receptors for sperm
thru gap jxns. granulosa of corona keep oocyte quiet (from differentiating) |
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Term
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Definition
| LH surge and the cumulus mass breaks up |
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Term
| Ovulation through completion |
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Definition
30-36 hours after LH surge
Results in a secondary oocyte which takes the oocyte through its first meiotic division (second completed after fertilization)
Extrusion of 1 polar body |
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Term
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Definition
ruptured follicle collapses
Basement membrane dissolves to allow blood vessels (fenestrated capillaries) to invade where the follicular fluid is
Granulosa cells become granulosa lutein cells; theca interna become theca lutein cells
Both produce progesterone, estradiol, and testosterone under the influence of LH
Lasts 10 to 12 days without fertilization
With fertilization, lasts 10 to 12 weeks and grows to 10 to 12 cm. |
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Term
| Granulosa cells in Postovulatory Ovary |
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Definition
| Granulosa Lutein Cells-produce progesterone |
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Term
| Theca Interna Cells in postovulatory ovary |
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Definition
| Theca Lutein Cells produce progesterone |
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Term
| After fertilization, what maintains corpus luteum? |
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Definition
| Human Gonadotropin Hormone |
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Term
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Definition
| If no pregnancy, corpus luteum degenerates and hyaline scar tissue persists for several months |
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Term
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Definition
Degeneration of follicles
Cytolysis of granulosa cells
basement membrane disintegrates, blood vessels invade, oocytes degenerate, theca cells hypertrophy |
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Term
| Hormonal Control of Follicular Phase |
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Definition
| Estradiol (E2 beta), which is an estrogen |
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Term
| Hormonal control of luteal phase |
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Definition
| progesterone (days 14.5 through 28) |
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Term
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Definition
Preovulatory, causes ovulation approx. 30 to 36 hours later
Influences production of progesterone by granulosa lutein cells and theca lutein cells |
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Term
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Definition
Oviduct
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina |
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Term
Uterine Tube (Oviduct, fallopian tube)
Function |
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Definition
| Trap Oocyte and move it to uterus |
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Term
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Definition
1. Interstitial
2. Isthmus
3. Ampulla
4. Infundibulum with fimbrae |
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Term
| Structure of Uterine Tube |
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Definition
1. Mucosa, fimbriae
-Epithelium with ciliated and peg cells (secretory)
-Lamina Propria
2. Muscularis
3. Serosa (loose CT and mesothelium)
NO SUBMUCOSA |
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Term
Changes in Uterine Tubes
a. epithelium
b. lamina propria
c. muscularis |
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Definition
a. more ciliated cells toward infundibulum, more peg cells towards uterus
b. many folds in the infundibulum fewer folds in the uterus
c. thinnest muscularis at the infundibulum and increases towards the uterus |
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Term
| Changes to Uterine Tubes during menstrual cycle |
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Definition
Ciliated cells: estradiol stimulates cilia, progesterone causes a loss of cilia
Peg cells: estradiol causes an increase in protein synthesis and progesterone causes a release of the hormones |
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Term
| Three parts of the uterus |
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Definition
1. Body includes fundus
2. cervis (internal and external Os)
3. Portio Vaginalis |
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Term
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Definition
1. Perimetrium
2. Myometrium- interlaced
3. Endometrium- 1 to 7 mm thick
-epithelium: simple columnar with some ciliation but mostly secretory
- lamina propria |
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Term
| Growth of Uterus during Pregnancy |
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Definition
| Smooth muscle hypertrophy and hyperplasia |
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Term
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Definition
| uterine cells atrophy or collapse |
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Term
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Definition
1. Stratum Basale
2. Stratum Functionale
3. Blood supply |
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Term
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Definition
Sits Next to myometrium
contains base of glands
stem cells in lamina propria |
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Term
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Definition
bulk of glands
lining epithelium
lamina propria |
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Term
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Definition
Uterine Artery
Arcuate Artery
Radial Artery
Straight and Spiral Arteries--venous distensions=lacunae |
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Term
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Definition
| veinous distensions in stratum functionale, drained by efferent veins |
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Term
| Changes in Uterine during the proliferative phase |
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Definition
Days 5-14-estradiol
increase in thickness due to mitosis o stratum functionale
glands increase in length and number; synthesize glycoproteins
spiral arteries regenerate and supply stratum functionale
estradiol increases progesterone receptors |
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Term
| Changes in Uterine Wall during secretory phase |
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Definition
Days 15-24: prepare uterus for implantation under progesterone
thickness of stratum functionale increases due to edema formation
glands have large lumens and secrete the proteins
spiral arteries are highly coiled and close to the lumen
veins are extensively distended |
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Term
| Changes in Uterine wall during premenstrual phase |
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Definition
Days 25-28: progesterone declines
stratum functionale thickness decreases
glands stop secreting and lysosomes break open to autodigest
Increase in prostoglandin F
Spiral Arteries contract, less blood flow/tissue breakdown
Leucocytes move in to prevent infection |
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Term
| Changes in Uterine Wall during MEnstrual Phase |
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Definition
Spiral Arteries are still contracting
Capillaries break open and the venous blood of capillaries and lacunae flow with the debris of the lamina propria |
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Term
| Function of Prostoglandin F |
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Definition
Causes smooth muscle contraction of spiral arteries
occurs during premenstrual phase |
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Term
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Definition
Part of uterus that does not shed during the cycle
1. epithelium: simple columnar, some ciliated/secretory
2. glands-branched tubular
3. portio vaginalis- cervical protrusion to vagina
4. myometrium: dense fibrous CT
5. adventitia |
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Term
| Changes in Cervis during proliferative cycle |
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Definition
estradiol influence
watery secretions increas in volume
friendly to sperm transport |
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Term
| changes in cervix during secretory phase |
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Definition
progesterone influence
thick mucous secretions
prevent infection and promote ? implantation |
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Term
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Definition
1. Mucosa:
-epithelium: stratified squamous nonkeratinizing
-lamina propria with diffuse lymph tissue
2. muscularis: inner circular, outer longitudinal
3. adventitia |
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Term
| Changes in vagina during proliferative phase |
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Definition
estradiol influence
epithelial cell mitosis, height increases, make glucagon/bacteria feeds on glycogen |
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Term
| changes in vagina during secretory phase |
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Definition
progesterone influence
epithelium thins due to reduced mitosis
lymphocytes invade lume |
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Term
| changes in vagina during secretory phase |
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Definition
progesterone influence
epithelium thins due to reduced mitosis
lymphocytes invade lume |
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