Term
Female reproductive system
(functions) |
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Definition
-synthesizes and stores the gametes
-provides a place for fertilization
-provides a place for embryo/fetus to develop
-provides nutrition for the infant |
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Term
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Definition
-tunica albuginea: capsule (layer of CT)
-cortex: contains all follicles
-medulla: contains large branches of the vessels |
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Term
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Definition
-follicles = oocytes + surrounding follicular cells |
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Term
Follicular cells
(function) |
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Definition
-separate the oocyte from the surrounding connective tissue
-shuttle nutrients to the oocytes
-follicular cells secrete fluid that accumulates in the follicle, estrogen |
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Term
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Definition
-as follicles grow they secrete more and more estrogen
-reaches a threshold, estrogen causes a surge of LH secretion from the pituitary gland (this stimulates ovulation)
-oocyte and follicular cells right around it are released from the ovary |
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Definition
-formed by portion of follicle that remains in ovary
-LH causes corpus luteum to secrete progesterone to stimulate growth of uterus
-if fertilization and implantation occur, corpus luteum continues to function throughout pregnancy |
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Term
Manipulation hormone levels
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Definition
-prevent pregnancy: birth control pills inhibit release of FSH and LH (to inhibit ovulation)
-promote pregnancy: stimulate hyperovulation to increase the chances of pregnancy (for infertile women) |
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Term
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Definition
-site of fertilization
-if egg isn't fertilized within ~24-72 hrs, it will degenerate
-can be tied surgically to block tract and prevent pregnancy (tubal ligation) |
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Definition
-implantation anywhere but the uterus
-95% occur in the oviduct
-dangerous because the oviduct cannot expand to accommodate the growing embryo and will rupture (can lead to extensive bleeding) |
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Definition
-normally implantation occurs in the uterus
-uterus
*body
*cervix |
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Term
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Definition
-Endometrium: simple columnar epithelium that forms glands
-Myometrium: very thick w/ 3 layers, contracts during childbirth and menstrual cramping
-Perimetrium: connective tissue |
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Term
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Definition
-when progesterone levels drop, arteries spasm
-stratum functionalis is deprived of oxygen and nutrients
-when vessels open the pressure causes damaged tissue to slough off
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Term
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Definition
-5-20 follicles start to mature each month starting at puberty
-begins at about 12 1/2 yrs
-the follicles that do not ovulate die
-over time, total number of follicles decreases
-over time, amount of estrogen secreted decreases |
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Term
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Definition
-so many follicles have died that amount of estrogen decreases
-sensitivity to estrogen also decreases (irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, libido changes, atrophy of breasts, uterus, and vagina, osteoporosis, and heart disease) |
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Term
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Definition
-inferior portion of the uterus that leads to vagina
-does not respond to hormonal changes like the body of the uterus does
-its glands secrete mucus that affects success of fertilization |
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Term
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Definition
-a common type of cancer in women
-easy to detect using a Pap smear
-cells scraped from external surface of uterus and examined for pathological changes
-a sexually transmitted disease cause by a human papillomavirus |
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Term
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Definition
-vaccine is reported to be 100% effective in preventing the most common HPV-related cancer
-two HPV strains cause 70% of tumors
-ideally administered before a girl becomes sexually active (9-26 yrs) |
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Term
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Definition
-passage of menstrual flow
-passage for intercourse
-passage for delivery of the baby |
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Definition
-fill the pelvic outlet to support the pelvic organs
-pelvic diaphragm: fills the pelvic outlet to support pelvic organs
-urogenital diaphragm: fills in the anterior region of the pelvic outlet, surrounds the urethra, forms voluntary urethral sphincter |
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Term
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Definition
-during childbirth the muscle of the UG diaphragm can be torn
-this damages the voluntary urethral sphincter
-because this is skeletal muscle, you can strengthen it with Kegel exercises |
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Term
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Definition
-Erectile tissue- clitoris: becomes erect during the sexual response
-Greater vestibular gland: secretes during the sexual response |
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Term
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Definition
-modified sweat glands
-exocrine glands
-the ducts and adipose tissue grow during puberty
-the gland grow during pregnancy |
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Definition
-most common cancer in women
-may begin in the glands or the ducts
-1 in 8 women affected by breast cancer
-risk factors: heredity (15%), early puberty, late childbearing, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking
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