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Female Reproductive System
Hamster
23
Anatomy
Undergraduate 2
12/14/2010

Additional Anatomy Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

Female reproductive system

(functions)

Definition

-synthesizes and stores the gametes

-provides a place for fertilization

-provides a place for embryo/fetus to develop

-provides nutrition for the infant

Term

Ovary

(structure)

Definition

-tunica albuginea: capsule (layer of CT)

 

-cortex: contains all follicles 

 

-medulla: contains large branches of the vessels

Term
Follicles
Definition
-follicles = oocytes + surrounding follicular cells
Term

Follicular cells

(function)

Definition

-separate the oocyte from the surrounding connective tissue

 

-shuttle nutrients to the oocytes 

 

-follicular cells secrete fluid that accumulates in the follicle, estrogen

Term

Ovulation

(process)

Definition

-as follicles grow they secrete more and more estrogen

-reaches a threshold, estrogen causes a surge of LH secretion from the pituitary gland (this stimulates ovulation)

-oocyte and follicular cells right around it are released from the ovary

Term
Corpus luteum
Definition

-formed by portion of follicle that remains in ovary

-LH causes corpus luteum to secrete progesterone to stimulate growth of uterus

-if fertilization and implantation occur, corpus luteum continues to function throughout pregnancy

Term

Manipulation hormone levels

 

Definition

-prevent pregnancy: birth control pills inhibit release of FSH and LH (to inhibit ovulation)

 

-promote pregnancy: stimulate hyperovulation to increase the chances of pregnancy (for infertile women)

Term
Uterine tube/oviduct
Definition

-site of fertilization

-if egg isn't fertilized within ~24-72 hrs, it will degenerate

-can be tied surgically to block tract and prevent pregnancy (tubal ligation)

Term
Ectopic pregnancy
Definition

-implantation anywhere but the uterus

 

-95% occur in the oviduct

 

-dangerous because the oviduct cannot expand to accommodate the growing embryo and will rupture (can lead to extensive bleeding)

Term
Uterus
Definition

-normally implantation occurs in the uterus

 

-uterus

*body

*cervix

Term

Uterus

(histology)

Definition

-Endometrium: simple columnar epithelium that forms glands

-Myometrium: very thick w/ 3 layers, contracts during childbirth and menstrual cramping

-Perimetrium: connective tissue

Term
Menstruation
Definition

-when progesterone levels drop, arteries spasm

-stratum functionalis is deprived of oxygen and nutrients

-when vessels open the pressure causes damaged tissue to slough off

 

Term
Ovarian follicles
Definition

-5-20 follicles start to mature each month starting at puberty

-begins at about 12 1/2 yrs

-the follicles that do not ovulate die

-over time, total number of follicles decreases

-over time, amount of estrogen secreted decreases

Term
Menopause
Definition

-so many follicles have died that amount of estrogen decreases

-sensitivity to estrogen also decreases (irregular periods, hot flashes, mood swings, libido changes, atrophy of breasts, uterus, and vagina, osteoporosis, and heart disease)

Term
Cervix
Definition

-inferior portion of the uterus that leads to vagina

 

-does not respond to hormonal changes like the body of the uterus does

 

-its glands secrete mucus that affects success of fertilization

Term
Cervical cancer
Definition

-a common type of cancer in women

-easy to detect using a Pap smear

-cells scraped from external surface of uterus and examined for pathological changes

-a sexually transmitted disease cause by a human papillomavirus 

Term
Cervical cancer vaccine
Definition

-vaccine is reported to be 100% effective in preventing the most common HPV-related cancer

-two HPV strains cause 70% of tumors

-ideally administered before a girl becomes sexually active (9-26 yrs)

Term

Vagina

(function)

Definition

-passage of menstrual flow

 

-passage for intercourse 

 

-passage for delivery of the baby

Term
Diaphragms
Definition

-fill the pelvic outlet to support the pelvic organs 

-pelvic diaphragm: fills the pelvic outlet to support pelvic organs

-urogenital diaphragm: fills in the anterior region of the pelvic outlet, surrounds the urethra, forms voluntary urethral sphincter

Term

UG diaphragm

(damage)

Definition

-during childbirth the muscle of the UG diaphragm can be torn

-this damages the voluntary urethral sphincter

-because this is skeletal muscle, you can strengthen it with Kegel exercises

Term
External genitalia
Definition

-Erectile tissue- clitoris: becomes erect during the sexual response

 

-Greater vestibular gland: secretes during the sexual response 

Term
Mammary glands
Definition

-modified sweat glands

-exocrine glands

-the ducts and adipose tissue grow during puberty

-the gland grow during pregnancy

Term
Breast cancer
Definition

-most common cancer in women

-may begin in the glands or the ducts

-1 in 8 women affected by breast cancer

-risk factors: heredity (15%), early puberty, late childbearing, obesity, heavy alcohol consumption, smoking

 

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