Term
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Definition
XXY Chromosomes
tricolor male cats with testicular hypoplasia |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
XX/XY Chromsomes
more common anomaly |
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Term
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Definition
chromosomic sex does not fit with the phenotype
XY female due to androgen insensitivity or receptor disorders
due to SRY gene mutation |
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Term
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Definition
presence of both gonadal tissues
ambiguous genitalia |
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Term
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Definition
presence of a singe type of gonadal tissue
ovarian or testicular tissue
usually see protruding clitoris |
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Term
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Definition
in twin bovine embryos
anastomoses between placental vascular systems of two fetuses (one male and one female)
male gonads develop earlier than female's
testosterone alters female's cellular development
ovotestes, hypoplastic uterine horns or lack of communication with vainga
development of vesicular glands, short nonpatent vagina
enlarged clitoris, small vulva, and prominent tuft of hair |
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Term
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Definition
aka imperforate vagina
persistent membrane in zone of fusion of paramesonephritic duct with urogenital sinus
secretions accumulate in vagina/uterus to cause mucometra/hydrometra |
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Term
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Definition
total lack of ovarian tissue
can be unilateral or bilateral |
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Term
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Definition
seen commonly in cows
can be unilateral or bilateral
often associated with chromosomal anomalies like XXX and X_ |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in mare, cow, sow
dark red mass on the surface of the ovary
due to accumulation of blood in vessels |
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Term
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Definition
seen in mare
remnants of embryonic ducts that fill with fluid |
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Term
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Definition
cystic rete ovary destroys tissue due to compression in the cat
otherwise can be an incidental finding with little consequences |
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Term
| Ovarian Cysts in the Mare |
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Definition
epithelial inclusion cysts
entrapped ovarian epithelial cells in ovary
cause infertility due to size and number
similar morphology of large follicles but do not disappear |
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Term
| Ovarian Cysts in Cows and Sows |
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Definition
cystic follicles are larger than normal
persist more than 10 days without formation of CL
ovulation doe snot occur and causes cystic ovarian degeneration
half recover spontaneously
due to deficit in LH production or LH receptors in the ovary
due to cortisol inhibiting GnRH, LH release and LH receptors in ovary
due to post-partum E.coli infections which produce prostaglandin and cortisol |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in cows and sows
due to delayed or insufficient release of LH
corresponds to failure of complete LH
part of the cystic ovarian degeneration disorder
estrous cycle is not affects and most are incidental findings |
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Term
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Definition
rare
large round cells identical to seminoma in testes |
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Term
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Definition
rare
mostly benign
need to have at least 2 out of 3:
ectoderm, endoderm, mesoderm |
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Term
| Sex Cord Stromal Neoplasms |
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Definition
from granulosa cells, theca cells, luteal cells, Sertoli cells
solid, may be cystic mass
may produce estrogen, inhibit, or testosterone
E2 causes constant prolonged estus, cystic uterian hyperplasia
Inhibit causes anestrus
Testosterone causes virilism which the mare acts like a stallion |
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Term
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Definition
most common ovarian neoplasm in large animals
unilateral, large mass
solid, cystic/polycystic
usually benign in large animals
usually malignant in queen |
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Term
| Papillary Adenoma/Adenocarcinoma |
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Definition
occurs in dogs
bilateral, cauliflower/smooth looks
originate from epithelium
frequently metastasized along abdominal organs or can embolize in vasculature and lymphatics |
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Term
| Segmental Aplasia of Uterine Horn |
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Definition
| affected ovary is lumpy and enlarged from unovulated follicles |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in cow, ewe, sow
due to chronic estrogen stimulation
cystic endometrial hyperplasia is irreversible
noncystic hyperplasia is reversible
Cow-granulosa cell tumor, clover
Ewe-clover, reduced fertility, enlarged mammary gland
sow-mycotoxin from moldy feed |
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Term
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Definition
ocurs in ewes
due to excessive metabolism of phytoestrogens in rumen
ewes have infertility, due to failure of sperm to travel due to altered cervical mucous
estrous cycle is normal with ovulation
dysocia due to decreased myometrial tone
uterine prolapse
mammary development/lactation in nonpregnant ewes |
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Term
| Cystic Endometrial Hyperplasia |
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Definition
common in dog
progesterone influence after estrous causes cyst formation in mucosa
provides environment for bacteria to grow and secondary pyometra occurs
reversely, cystic hyperplasia can be caused by uterine infection and endometritis |
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Term
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Definition
bulging cyst from the endometrium, myometrium, or serosal surface
usually incidental finding
possibly due to trapped cells that fill with fluid |
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Term
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Definition
common in older bitches and queens
localized pedunculated and causes obstruction
large mass with one single pedicle |
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Term
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Definition
cow, bitch, queen
endometrial glands proliferate into the myometrium
focal, multifocal, or diffuse
can be cystic |
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Term
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Definition
most susceptible during luteal phase due to progesterone induced immunosuppression
likely to follow abnormal parturition or traumatic lacerations during parturition |
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Term
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Definition
inflammation of the uterus
small amount of exudate in lumen
neutrophil infiltration then lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages as it becomes more chronic
fibrosis and cystic endometrial glands in chronic state
due to a local infection or hematogenously during pregnancy |
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Term
| Contagious Equine Metritis |
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Definition
occurs in mares after foaling or coitus
caused by Taylorella equigenitalis which is contagious and reportable
temporary infertility and mucopurulent discharge is hallmark
can cause permanent infertility |
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Term
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Definition
accumulation of suppurative fluid in uterus
postpartum/postcoital
localized and due to retained CL
Arcnobacterum pyogenes, E.coli, Fusobacteriu, Strep, Staph |
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Term
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Definition
accumulation of suppurative fluid in uterus
uncommon
Streptococcus zooepidemicus, Klebsielle, E.coli, Actinomyces, Pasteurella, Pseudomonas |
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Term
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Definition
accumulation of suppurative fluid in uterus
uterine wall is thick and doughy
due to E.coli
often follows cystic endometrial hyperplasia
toxemia leads to PU/PD, bone marrow suppression, anemia, splenomegaly due to extramedullary hematopoiesis |
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Term
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Definition
occurs often in pregnant cow
can occur in pyometra/mucometra
greater than 180 degree turn results in dystocia, vascular compromised, edematous placenta, fetal death
in dog/cat, fetus will rupture into peritoneum, mummifies, and attaches to serosa |
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Term
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Definition
occurs after parturition in cow, ewe, sow
due to prolonged dystocia, hypocalcemia, phytoestrogens
causes congestion, edema, infarction, trauma or uterus
hemorrhage, shock, infection, infertility |
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Term
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Definition
occurs in ruminants, horses
cow usually expels within 24 hours
mare usually expels within 3 hours
placenta becomes medium for bacterial growth |
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Term
| Subinvolution of Placental Sites |
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Definition
only in dogs, commonly young bitches
unknown cause
prolonged blood vaginal discharge after whelping
no clinical signs and no response to tx
thick hemorrhagic placental sites
CLs always present |
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Term
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Definition
endometrial carcinoma
lymphosarcoma (BLV)
leimyoma |
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Term
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Definition
occurs mostly in dogs
excision is curative |
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Term
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Definition
hyperestrogenism due to:
mycotoxicosis in sow
ovarian tumors
estrus |
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Term
| Infectious Pustular Vulvovaginitis |
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Definition
Bovine Herpes Virus 1
highly contagious
same virus causes IBR
hyperemia of vagina/vulva with focal hemorrhage
nodular epithelium and lymphoid hyperplasia
erosion/ulceration
see intranuclear inclusion bodies in epithelium |
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Term
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Definition
Equine herpesvirus 3
voital transmission
ulcers and depigmented areas on vulva |
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Term
| Transmissible Venereal Tumor |
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Definition
occurs in dog during coitus
same as in male reproduction |
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