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| Combahee River Collective |
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“A Black Feminist Statement”
Feminism needs to address the many diverse ways of being a woman. Woman as a universal category is problematic. |
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| hooks Power/Work/Educating Women |
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| Addresses internalised misogyny and that the notion that women need to gain power "is rooted in the false assumption that women have no power." Feminist politics revolving around the glass ceiling and workplace equality are inherently classist and sexist because it refers almost exclusively to middle class white women. Women's work should be viewed as having nautral value - if a woman's work is the kitchen, then women should be compensated appropriately like men are who are doing men's work in the workplace/women's work is always viewed as lesser because women are viewed as lesser. Education, too, should be decentralised from mid-upper class and put into more easily-understandable formats to educate women of all classes and languages. |
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| hooks Ending Violence/Ending Sexual Oppression |
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| Argues that women are not inherently passive by nature, and that a social hierarchy with women in power would look much the same as it does now. She discusses imperialism and how it, not patriarchy, is the foundation of militarism in the united states. Calls for a resistance to the passive acceptance of violence, and we need to stop teaching women that their bodies are accessible by anyone who wants them. She also argues that a truly sexually liberated society wouldn't attempt to dictate how much or how little sex someone has ("it is as much of an expression of sexual freedom to not participate in sexual activity as it is to choose to participate.") |
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"Whose Feminism? Whose History?"
critiquing the linear way feminism is taught - 1st/2nd/3rd wave doesn't include all narratives of all women(women of color)/mainly focuses on those of white, upperclass feminists
*Radical, Lesbian Feminists, Marxists, Liberal need to include intersectionality |
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| "barred rooms" - safe spaces for marginalized to meet//keep others out that are different. difference=discomfort, discomfort=activism/recognizing difference/finding solidarity through difference. Aim of coalition is to make these rooms no longer necessary.[needs citation] |
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| "Transfeminist Manifesto" Unity between feminism and transfeminism - focus on similarities and solidarity. Right over one's body. |
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| Hanna"Riot Grrl Manifesto" |
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| Punk-rock bands rebellion against the norm - written from a place of anger. addressed implications of masculinity and patriarchical culture in thier music. |
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"The Masters Tools Will Never Dismantle The Master's House"
The tools of oppression (heterosexism, cissexism, racism, ablism) can't be used to further rights of any oppressed group. |
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Under Western Eyes Revisited: Feminist Solidarity through Anticapitalist Struggle
Understanding the important impact of globalization on women, claiming feminist must be anti-globalizationists and anticapitalist, as it has a direct and negative affect on the lives of marganalized people. |
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"Foucault, Femininity, and Modernisation"
Docile body - women's bodies are controlled to produce a "desired" result. Enforced by using surveillance and punishment. connected to standards of femininity, panopitcon idology (someone is always watching), therefore women are policing themselves into feminitiy. |
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"Integrating Disability, Transforming Feminist Theory"
Feminist theory needs to use disability studies theory and vice versa. They encounter each other in a variety of ways and both can be applied to the other. Garland-Thomson wants to expand and challenge feminist theory by integrating disability. It would denaturalize the idea that disability is something wrong with someone. Discusses being female as being disabled as because of the privelges we lack in western eyes (Saartje Bartmann) Women with disabilities can't be sexual. Example of Becky (barbie) and Ellen Stohl the first disabled playboy bunny, who's pictures gave no indication of her disability. Need to increase representation that isn't related to marketing. Good example is Amy Mullins who displays her protsthetic legs without disguise in fashion. |
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"Deconstructing Equality-Versus-Difference"
Defines the idea of equality as a problematic goal of feminism (Sears case) and equity as a less problematic activist goal. Equity being equality with the understanding of difference. Example: People of color discriminated against in education, now we have affirmative action. |
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"Feminist Solidarity After Queer Theory"
Addresses privileges and announces that the person’s perspective is authoritative over the subject due to societal power relations. Claiming that Transliberation and feminism can operate together. They're not opposites. She uses two sets of literature, Bernice Hausman and Raymond. Transgender need predates SRS
In not so many words, Heyes argues for transsexual bodily autonomy, saying “Yet it is precisely those people who must grapple with the pros and cons of HRT and surgeries who are most aware of the trauma and risks of changing one’s body” Argueing for feminist solidarity. |
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Desire to change one’s body to accommodate one’s identity is inherently anti-feminist
the development of certain medical technologies made the advent of transsexualism possible |
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| Says transexuality exist only because the DSM claims it does. Trans is similar to beauty industry marketing with whitening skin through bleaching. |
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| Mestiza=term to unite diverse groups of people and break down labels, "both/and"= to both recognize the unity that comes from being oppressed and the differences of each individual struggle - critique of academia especially, the language we use, the histories that are taught, the intellectual borders that are created in academia. |
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"Homogenizing Versus Holistic Views of Gender and Sexuality"
Artifactualism and determinism are homogenizing views when trying to explain gender and sexuality. holistic views would include both (environment, experiences, and biological variation" "both/and" examines the complexity |
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"US Third World Feminism"
Differential consciousness - you must address all intersections of status when fighting oppression. You can't fight feminism without also addressing race, class, etc.
*changing gears in a car, you can change your ideology to fit the situation. |
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"Not By Degrees" DAVS
*Description
*analys
*Vision
*Strategy
ACTION! |
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| Women should have equal access to existing institutions. |
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| Radical Cultural Feminism |
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| Women should make institutions; women should create their personal narrative in terms of other women and not in terms of men |
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| "Pro-sex", sexual liberation is still confined to racist, ableist standards. Focus on individual. |
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| Women are not oppressed by men or sexism, but by capitalism. |
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| Meanings are socially constructed (desk example from class, you think school/learning from a few pieces of metal and wood). Language is important. |
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| The typology of feminist theories that perpetrates the three theories of feminism--liberal, Marxist, and radical. These narratives play a role in the process of creating a distorted feminist history. |
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| Defining a group by a single characteristic. "I'm a woman because I have a vagina" ignores trans*women, intersex people identified as woman. |
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| Assuming everyone within a category has the same experiences. Often used to apply white/cis/hetero/middle or upper-middle class experieces to everyone in the category of women. |
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| Center refers to more privileged groups/individuals, while the margin refers to more oppressed groups of people |
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| A declaration of a new ideology or theoretical framework |
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| Working together, within and across boundaries, toward a common goal |
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| Working in groups to create change. Referring to Bernice Reagan |
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| Showing or seeing a whole view. |
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| Holistic vs. Homogenising |
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| Holistic is recognizing the interconnectedness of all the little pieces to create a whole. Homogenising is making everything the same and not recognizing differences, but assuming it's one whole. |
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Standpoint theorists suggest that because there is no one, single experience that encompasses women as a group, it is important to consider other modes of subordination such as racism, and sexuality.
Positionality - nternal characteristics of a person are identified are not denoted as much as the external context within which that person is situated... so less about your view but the view society puts on you. |
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| Working in groups to create change. Referring to Bernice Reagan |
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