Toqueville

(French Aristocracy)

• Can explain really big ideas easily
• Asked to tour America by French (do it or be killed)
• Try to discover if Democracy can be sent to other countries
• Writes, "Democracy in America"
• What Americans are like when America first starts.
• Sent to England 
• Try to see if they would change their government
• England: 1st to Industrialize
• Writes a small phamplet called "Thoughts on the Poor"
• Move from Agricultural to Industrial

Agricultural

(Producing Neccessity)

• Guarenteed Market
• Guarenteed Subsistence
• Develop Survial Skills

Industrial

(Producing Extras)

FUN --> HABITS --> NEEDS --> COST RISES

• Lose Guarenteed Market
• Lose Gurarenteed Subsistence
• Lose Survival Skills

• Prone to Idleness (laziness)
• Majority of the people work out of necessity
• The ambitious few are motivated to do something better

• Leige System (What if we need help?)
• Private Assistance: You have a...
• Giver: feels powerful and good for helping others
• Reciever: feel shame and weak and don't want to do it again if they can help it.
• Built in Monitoring System

• No security systems or compensations if you get injured or can't work.
• Public Assistance (made by Queen of England at the time): You have a...
• Giver: we lose good feeling and we lose our direct control
• Reciever: we lose shame because it is yours
• Lose the built in monitoring system

• He likes private assistance better, but once you become public, you cannot go private. 

2 Traits of Democracy

(Nature of these 2 are very different)

1. Freedom: You must fight to gain freedom; once we get it, we give it away.
2. Equality: Something we want and feel it immediatley (instant gratification). We want it more than anything. Can't have Freedom then we will have Slavery

2 reasons why

we can't have equality

1. We think that we are NOT equal
2. Genetics creates inequality

Freedom ---- Fight

• You have to have confidence to have freedom.
• They take away our freedom a little at a time.
• Toqueville says "we don't notice or feel our freedom's being taken away little by little because we are getting order or security in return."
• Tyranny of the Body: People in power physically abuse you (harm)
• Parradox of Democracy: The majority holds the power
• Toqueville says that "being shunned is worse than being physically abused."
• Tyranny of the Soul: The majority draws a circle of what is succeptable in society.
• Majority may shift, but it is going to shift a little at a time.
• In response to this, Toqueville said "free thinking and thought will die over time."

Toqueville--Government 

Democratic Society

• We love magazines because of all of the pictures.
• We love Fiction because it stirs our "EMOTION" and passions.
• We like self-help becasue we believe that we can do anything.
• At the time, America bought Literature from the British. Eventually, when we get our own, it will be very different from the British.
• We write about everyday people.
• Books are better than movies; but, movies give your everythong. 
• We perfer movies because we like to stir our emotions.

Toqueville--Government

Aristocratic Society

• People are willing to wait for the best, unlike the Democratic Society who wants it NOW or they will settle for the "knock-off" or fake.
• Very little choice, unlike the Democratic Society where you have unlimited choices.
• Very little competition while the Democratic Society has unending, unlimited competition.
• They get experience because they are only taught one thing, by experts, when they are yound, unlike the Democratic Society who gets little time to gain knowledge and experience.
• There is a chain that connects people, while the Democratic Society you only have your lifetime to achieve things, plus, each generation starts new and gets a new name.

Nietzsche

"Cultural Physician"

• Born in the Enlightenment 
• The Enlightenment: Period turing from religion to answer questions and problems to using science instead.
• "We need to think about where things are taking us."
• We feel the truth that we learn from science.
• Truth is like a women because they are decietful.
• Woman are like cats because they look nice and furry, but when you get close they bite you.

• We expect it to be good, postitive, etc. <-- What if it isn't?

3 outcomes of the Truth

(Enlightenment)

1. Good: 
• Man is by nature a herd of animals (prey animals ex: cow) <-- we are all the same
• We tell stories of people who achieved obstacles to achieve great things.
• "What doesn't kill me makes me stronger."
2. Bad:
   
• Negative truths are out there: "No Afterlife"
• "God is Dead" : Famous Nietzsche saying
• It becomes harder to believe in religion as science grows. (chemists are sometimes athiest becasue they HAVE to PROVE everything).
• Science --> No Religion
• Religion --> No Science
3. No:
• "Nihilism"
• We need a horizon 
• Ubermensch can help us reach a horizon; they give us a goal and a purpose.
• Ubermensch:
1. Great Speakers
2. Charisma
3. Seduce you to buy what they are selling

The Women's Movement

Biology --> 2 Differences in Men & Women

1. Competition
• Men have a "wing man" while women want the best, they are not going to take the lesser, unlike the "wing man" would.
• Testosterone: Make men bigger and stronger than women
• Humans are no different than animals (ex: birds)
2. Communicate:
• When you are "thinking about nothing" you are lying. <-- This is not true because you can think about nothing.
• Because our brains think differently, it causes there to be miscommunication.
• Men mean what they say
• Women don't mean what they say.

**If men and women swapped roles**

Men

• We will medicate most young boys
• Spurts of aggression
• Rise in Xtreme Sports
• Men will be marginalized --> no place is thiers (Men will be set/put aside in society)

**If women and men swapped roles**

Women

• Will take more responsibilities, which increases their stress.
• Will do it all alone with no help. --> which will lead to divorce/break-up.

• Mayflower Compact: Ship to America to get away from religious prosectution. (Gain Freedom)
• Moralistic Political Culture: MAYFLOWER COMPACT
  
• Close connection
• High expectations
• Traditionalistic Political Culture:
  
• (found in southern, slave owner places) 
• Maintain status quo
• Low expectations
• Individualistic Political Culture:
• (Western)
• No expectations --> you want them to stay out

• Risk Averse --> MOST PEOPLE
• Negative
• Risk Acceptant
• +, -, =

• First Government failed (Articles of Confederation)
• They believed in Locke, who said that everyone needs to agree on a type of government.
• 3 Systems of Government
1. Unitary: 1 leader (one entity power)
   
2. Confederal: Share Power
3. Federal: Divide power without separating it

Articles of Confederation

Structural and Economic

• Unanimous 
• No power to tax
• Each state only gets one vote each
• Not stnading army (militia), there is a State Army
• (1 --> 12)

Articles of Confederation 

Structural and Economic

• Heavy Metal Standard (continues util Nixon becomes President)
• Printing too much money leads to it losing value, Devalued.
• Once it is devalued, it then leads to Inflation. 
• Each state has own money which leads to it be Devalued which then leads to inflation.
• Shay's Rebellion: he burns the bank down so that there is no proof that he didn't pay up; therefore, they could not take away his property. 
• This signals to us that we have a HUGE problem
• Leads to the Constitutional Convention being called.