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| Culbertson, Fred. "The Phobia list." Phobia . The Phobia list, 17 Jul 1997. Web. 25 Mar 2014. . |
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| "a distressing emotion aroused by impending danger, evil, pain, etc., whether the threat is real or imagined; the feeling or condition of being afraid. Synonyms: foreboding, apprehension, consternation, dismay, dread, terror, fright, panic, horror, trepidation, qualm. Antonyms: courage, security, calm, intrepidity." |
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| Curtis Chris , ed. "Curiosity ." Discovery Channel. Discovery Channel, n.d. Web. 25 Mar 2014. . |
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| Glassner, Berry. The Culture of Fear: Why americans are afraid of the wrongs thing. 1st. Basic Books, 256. Print. |
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| Thalamus: determines where to send incoming data from the five senses |
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'Sensory cortex: interprets the data
Hippocampus: stores and recovers cognitive memories, processes stimuli to ascertain their context" |
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| Nightmares are vividly realistic, disturbing dreams that rattle you awake from a deep sleep. They often set your heart pounding from fear. Nightmares tend to occur most often during rapid eye movement (REM) sleep, when most dreaming takes place. Because periods of REM sleep become progressively longer as the night progresses, you may find you experience nightmares most often in the early morning hours. |
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Definition
4
What are nightmares
nightmares in adults |
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Term
| The news blows up stories because they need to sell there point when in reality these things happen every day and they aren't as huge. |
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source 3
Glassner
ansesters |
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| Cops said that 256 murders have taken place in the city in 2013, a sharp decrease from the 346 people that were killed during the same time period in 2012. |
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nyc post
how the news blows things up |
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Term
Amygdala: interprets emotions, discovers possible threats, stores memories of past fears
Hypothalamus: activates the fight-or-flight response when necessary |
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| The brain uses two simultaneous processes to create a fear response, the "low road" and the "high road." The low road is reactive; it initiates a fight-or-flight response even before the nature of the stimulus is known. The high road is calmer and more thought-oriented. |
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2
Chris
where it comes from |
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| . Here the brain analyzes the stimulus and compares it with other incoming data, such as sights and sounds, as well as memories of similar events; it then determines if the threat is real. The high road takes a bit longer than the low road, which is why an unexpected event like wind blowing the front door open first causes a moment of fear before calm sets in. |
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2
Chris
where it comes from |
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Term
| Many of these fears last through adulthood. Demographically, fears can be on a community, cultural or even regional level. For example, people in the Southeast are more likely to fear hurricanes, while Midwesterners fear tornadoes more than other Americans do. |
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| "Sleep Disorders Health Center" Adult Nightmares:. WebMD. Web. 27 Mar 2014. . |
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Term
| Sindhu, Bhagwant S., et al. "Influence of Fear-Avoidance Beliefs on Functional Status Outcomes for People with Musculoskeletal Conditions of the Shoulder." Physical Therapy 92.8 (2012): 992-1005. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2014 |
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| Fear comes from beliefs in how we were raised, what we were told to be afraid of when we were young |
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5
Sindhu
beliefes in raising |
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Term
| Gao, Yu, et al. "Association of Poor Childhood Fear Conditioning and Adult Crime." The American Journal of Psychiatry 167.1 (2010): 56-60. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2014 |
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| Children that are poor at age 3 are more likely to go and commit crimes from teenage years to mid 30's |
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6
Gao
why fear young children |
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| Wells, Curt. "Fear Not!" Bowhunter 10 2010: 21,24,26. ProQuest. Web. 27 Mar. 2014 . |
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| IT'S SHOCKING TO ME how many bowhunters fear deer decoys. They have one bad experience, and they banish decoys from their deer hunting strategy for eternity. |
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| Layton, Julia. "How Fear Works" 13 September 2005. HowStuffWorks.com. 27 March 2014 |
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| when afraid your brain releases chemicals that cause your blood pressure to raise and reach flight or fight mode. |
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| low road of fear is quick and messy the high road is more detailed and percise |
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| low road is take no chances for example you hear a noise and you instantly think someones coming to kill you |
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Amygdala is responsible for creating fear
it holds all your memories ascociating with that fear |
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| hypothalamus activates fight or flight mode when you are afraid or embarreesed |
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| when you take the high road your brain thinks "have i seen this before? is there more of a rational cause for this?" |
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| after the data is gotton by the sensory cortex the hypothalamus sends data to the amygdala and says there is no danger |
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| in fight or flight sinces are more open not able to see small things and focul your forced to see the big picture. |
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| digestion and immune system shut down to allow more energy to other parts of the body, |
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mucles relax allowing more blood flow and oxygen intake.
veins contract and because of the less blood flow you expierience a chill when you are afraid. |
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| If we couldn't be afraid, we wouldn't survive for long. |
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| fear is to promote survival |
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| a specific face of fear some say "god gave to them as a indicater for other |
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| "My will and reason were powerless against the imagination of a danger which had never been experienced." He concluded that the entire fear response is an ancient instinct that has been untouched by the nuances of modern civilization [ref]. |
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| its said that fight or flight was from ancestors when we were running or fighting for our lives. |
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| "unfortunate gift of anticipation, and we anticipate terrible things that might happen -- things we have heard about, read about or seen on TV. Most of us have never experienced a plane crash, but that doesn't stop us from sitting on a plane with white-knuckle grips on the armrests." |
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| "Anticipating a fearful stimulus can provoke the same response as actually experiencing it. This also is an evolutionary benefit: Those humans who felt rain, anticipated lightning and remained in the cave until the storm passed had a better chance of not getting struck with thousands of volts of electricity. We'll look at ways in which we are conditioned to fear in the next section. |
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Terrorist attacks
Spiders
Death
Failure
War
Heights
Crime/Violence
Being alone
The future
Nuclear war |
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Definition
8
Layton
20005., common fears |
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| Humans may be prehoned to fear because of animals or threats that may have once been a worry for human survival |
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| Psychologist Martin Seligman performed a classical conditioning experiment in which he showed subjects pictures of certain objects and then administered an electric shock. The idea was to create a phobia (an intense, irrational fear) of the object in the picture. When the picture was of something like a spider or a snake, it took only two to four shocks to establish a phobia. |
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| fears that are particular to individuals, communities, regions or even cultures. Someone who grew up in the city probably has a more intense fear of being mugged than someone who has spent most of his life on a farm. People living in South Florida may have a stronger fear of hurricanes than people living in Kansas, and people in Kansas probably have a deeper fear of tornadoes than do people in Vermont. |
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| Studies have shown that rats with damaged amygdalas will walk right up to cats [ref]. Most of us aren't too keen on the prospect of going at our amygdala with an ice pick, though. So scientists are exploring other ways to overcome fear. |
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| it is possible to fear nothing but it means that the amygdala is damaged |
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| "It doesn't matter why you're scared. Knowing why you've developed a particular fear doesn't do much to help you overcome it, and it delays your progress in areas that will actually help you become less afraid. Stop trying to figure it out." |
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| "Learn about the thing you fear. Uncertainty is a huge component of fear: Developing an understanding of what you're afraid of goes a long way toward erasing that fear." |
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| Train. If there's something you're afraid to try because it seems scary or difficult, start small and work in steps. Slowly building familiarity with a scary subject makes it more manageable." |
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| Find someone who is not afraid. If there's something you're afraid of, find someone who is not afraid of that thing and spend time with that person. Take her along when you try to conquer your fear -- it'll be much easier." |
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| Play mind games with yourself. If you're afraid of speaking in front of groups, it's probably because you think the audience is going to judge you. Try imagining the audience members naked -- being the only clothed person in the room puts you in the position of judgment. |
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| Stop looking at the grand scheme. Think only about each successive step. If you're afraid of heights, don't think about being on the fortieth floor of a building. Just think about getting your foot in the lobby. |
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| Seek help. Fear is not a simple emotion. If you're having trouble overcoming your fear on your own, find a professional to help you. There are lots of treatments for fear out there, and no good reason not to try them under the guidance of someone with training and experience. |
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| not afraid of the thing itself your more afraid of what'll happen if... |
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Term
| Rodriguez, Linda. "smithsonian." smithsonianmag.com, 1 08 2013. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. |
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| But clowns have always had a dark side, says David Kiser, director of talent for Ringling Bros. and Barnum & Bailey Circus. After all, these were characters who reflected a funhouse mirror back on society; academics note that their comedy was often derived from their voracious appetites for food, sex, and drink, and their manic behavior. “So in one way, the clown has always been an impish spirit… as he’s kind of grown up, he’s always been about fun, but part of that fun has been a bit of mischief,” says Kiser. |
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| “Mischief” is one thing; homicidal urges is certainly another. What’s changed about clowns is how that darkness is manifest, argued Andrew McConnell Stott, Dean of Undergraduate Education and an English professor at the University of Buffalo, SUNY. |
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| Stott credits Dickens with watering the seeds in popular imagination of the scary clown—he’d even go so far as to say Dickens invented the scary clown—by creating a figure who is literally destroying himself to make his audiences laugh. |
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9
Rodriguez
pain for the clown |
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Term
| MacDonald, Moira., Post, National.. "'Culture of fear' at TDSB." National Post. 11 Dec. 2013: A10. eLibrary. Web. 27 Mar. 2014. |
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Generalized anxiety disorder (two to five percent of children in the United States)
Social anxiety disorder (three to 18 percent)
Selective mutism (inability to speak in stressful situations; 1 percent) |
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Term
Generalized anxiety disorder (two to five percent of children in the United States)
Social anxiety disorder (three to 18 percent)
Selective mutism (inability to speak in stressful situations; 1 percent) |
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| “In addition, when a neighborhood's crime victims are portrayed as victims-sympathetically and without blame, as humans rather than as statistics-people living in other parts of the city are more inclined to support social services for the area, which in turn can reduce the crime rate.” |
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Definition
3
Glassner
no blame with crime |
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| “Criminologists have documented that the amount of coverage a crime victim receives affects how much attention police devote to the case and the willingness of prosecutors to accept plea bargains.” |
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| each year only 58,000 kidnappings child abductions happened by strangers |
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| "if we loose fear, we loose safety |
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| male murder count went down in 1990s |
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| youth violence was a problem mainly in the late 80's into the mid- late 90's |
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| 1997 kentucky 14 year old kid killed 5 kids and wounded 12 others |
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| 98 2 boys 11 and 13 killed 4 kids in there school |
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| "its not guns its killer kids" |
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| media effects theory is when media influences someones thought |
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| three out of four Americans say they feel more fearful today than they did twenty years ago. |
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| For there’s no doubt that “nameless, unreasoning, unjustified terror which paralyzes needed efforts to convert retreat into advance” seizes the citizenry more tightly today than ever before. |
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| In the past, fear has engendered solidarity—as it did in the 1950s, when nuclear anxieties bound Americans together. |
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| Fear and anxiety both produce similar responses to certain dangers. But, many experts believe that there are important differences between the two. |
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| "there isn't a single fear that defines our era" hanson |
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| plagues or the threat of nuclear annihilation are more anxiety then fears |
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| According to authors Kaplan and Sadock, anxiety is “a diffuse, unpleasant, vague sense of apprehension…” |
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| It is often a response to an imprecise or unknown threat. For example, imagine you’re walking down a dark street. |
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| You may feel a little uneasy and perhaps you have a few butterflies in your stomach. These sensations are caused by anxiety that is related to the possibility that a stranger may jump out from behind a bush, or approach you in some other way, and harm you. |
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| This anxiety is not the result of a known or specific threat. Rather it comes from your mind’s vision of the possible dangers that may result in the situation. |
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| Fear is an emotional response to a known or definite threat. Using the scenario above, let’s say you’re walking down a dark street and someone points a gun at you and says, “This is a stick up.” This would likely elicit a response of fear. The danger is real, definite and immediate. There is a clear and present object of fear. |
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| Kaplan MD, Harold I. and Sadock MD, Benjamin J. "Synopsis of Psychiatry, Eighth Edition" 1998 Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins. |
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| Although the focus of the response is different (real vs. imagined danger), fear and anxiety are interrelated. Fear causes anxiety, and anxiety can cause fear. But, the subtle distinctions between the two will give you a better understanding of your symptoms and may be important for treatment strategies. |
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Definition
11
11
Kaplan
fear vs anxiety |
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| both cause muscle tension high blood pressure and makes your body enter flight or flight mode. |
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| fear is a protective sense that helps you survive |
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Term
Cancer- Cancerophobia, Carcinophobia.
Car or vehicle, riding in- Amaxophobia.
Cats- Aclurophobia, Ailurophobia, Elurophobia, Felinophobia, Galeophobia, or Gatophobia.
Celestial spaces- Astrophobia.
Cemeteries- Coimetrophobia.
Cemeteries or being buried alive- Taphephobia or Taphophobia.
Ceremonies, religious- Teleophobia.
Changes, making; moving- Tropophobia or Metathesiophobia.
Chickens- Alektorophobia.
Child, bearing a deformed; deformed people- Teratophobia.
Childbirth- Maleusiophobia, Tocophobia, Parturiphobia, or Lockiophobia.
Children- Pedophobia.
Chinese or Chinese culture- Sinophobia. |
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| Phobias and fear are different, phobias can cause anxiety, fear is an emotion |
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