Because, familys mean something different, in diffreent places and different times

Socialization - language, gender roles, etc. 

Protection, affection, companionship, especially to old and young

families provide ascribed statuses, which place children in various social hierarchies from birth. 

Ascribed statuses are distinct from achieved statuses, which are those social positions that individuals "voluntarily" choose (e.g., jobs, education, etc.)

Prior to Industrialization:

3 generations in a household (grandparents, parents, children.)

                        -Why? Focus on production.

                        -Families were self-sufficient units that provided for themselves. 

               • (and women did most of the work-food, clothes, and medicine

            -Households as consumer (not producers)

               • We now buy everything we need (groceries, clothes, meds)

               • (women still do most of the work, though.)

                        -Households are typically smaller as a result (two generations instead of three)

INDUSTRIALIZATION AND THE HOUSEWIFE ROLE

3  Economic Factors

          1. Creation of new profit center (benefits entrepreneurs)

                                    -BUY VACUUM!!!

          2. Reduce labor costs

                                    -Gain efficiency with specialization and a division of labor. 

                        3. Reduce competition for jobs

                                    -Fewer individuals actively on the labor market

4 Cultural factors of the Industraliztion of the Housewife

1. Factories morally unhealthy (lot of sin thee--no place for women)

          2. Physically Unhealthy (manual labor--no place for women)

          3. Children defined as increasingly demanding

                                    -Children are no longer producers--they're consumers, too. 

                                    -Women, with their maternal instincts, were better able to trend to their needs. 

                        4. The "trophy wife": men wanted a wife and to make enough money so that she would not have to work. 

     • What are the three statistical patterns that Hochschild found in her study of Amerco? 

Increasing Female Labor Force Participation

                        -People Working Longer Hours

                        -The "Time Bind" (Home and work each struggle for more of our time.) 

They need the money (Show me the Money).

                        -Working Scared (fear of job loss).

                        -Unsupportive Boss.

                        -They PREFER time at work over time at home

-(often) chaotic misery: endless boring labor [drudgery: dirty dishes, kids demands, laundry.]  

                        -"cult of efficiency" goes home: speed-up with household technologies that increases expectations but does not reduce labor [time-regimentation and scheduling come home.]

                        -Outsourcing: dump family and home demands onto other [pay other to parent, clean, cook.]

Sociability: friends are at work [worksite is where gossip happens; social gatherings and celebrations at work]

                        -Empowering: workers are given autonomy and control over the job [feel responsible.]

                        -Rewarding, Fulfilling: not just financially, but also recognition

Homophily (interacting with people who like you) leads to homogamy (marrying people who are like you.) 

THE DIVORCE MYTH

     • Not surprisingly, then, theUS(with its love-centered marriages) tends to have higher divorce rates than many other countries. 

     • But 50% of marriages today will NOT end in divorce. 

                        -That number looks at all divorces in a year compared to only the new marriages in a year. 

                        -Thats inappropriate

                        -If we look at what percentage of NEW marriages will end in divorce, we see that the rates has actually gone down recently. ~33% for new marriages.