Term
| px: abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly |
|
Definition
| dx: Budd-Chiari Syndrome (post hepatic venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
| px: Achilles tendon xanthoma |
|
Definition
| dx: familial hypercholesterolemia (dec. LDL receptor signaling) |
|
|
Term
| px: adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC |
|
Definition
| dx: Waterhouse-Friderichsen syndrome (meningococcemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: anterior drawer sign (+) |
|
Definition
| dx: anterior cruciate ligament injury |
|
|
Term
| px: arachnodacytyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joints |
|
Definition
| dx: Marfan syndrome (fibrillin defect) |
|
|
Term
| px: athelete with polycythemia |
|
Definition
| dx: 2* to erythropoietin injection |
|
|
Term
| px: back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| dx: Pott disease (vertebral TB) |
|
|
Term
| px: bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis |
|
Definition
| dx: sarcoidosis (noncaseating granulomas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: osteogenesis imperfecta (type I collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
| px: bluish line on gingiva |
|
Definition
| dx: Burton line (lead poisoning) |
|
|
Term
| px: bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis |
|
Definition
| dx: Paget disease of bone (inc. osteoblastic and osteoclastic activity) |
|
|
Term
| px: bounding pulses, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: butterfly rash and Raynaud phenomenon in young female |
|
Definition
| dx: Systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
|
Term
| px: cafe-au-lait spots, Lisch nodules (iris harmartoma), + (phemochromocytoma, optic gliomas) |
|
Definition
| dx: neurofibromatosis type I |
|
|
Term
| px: cafe-au-lait spots, polyostotic fibrous dysplasia, precocious puberty, multiple endocrine abnormalities |
|
Definition
| dx: McCune-Albright syndrome (mosaic G-protein signaling mutation) |
|
|
Term
| px: calf pseudohypertrophy |
|
Definition
| dx: muscular dystrophy (MC = Duchenne, X-linked recessive deletion of dystrophin gene) |
|
|
Term
| px: cherry red spot on macula |
|
Definition
| dx: Tay-Sachs (ganglioside accumulation) or Niemann-Pick (sphingomyelin accumulation) or central retinal artery occlusion |
|
|
Term
| px: chest pain on exertion |
|
Definition
| dx: angina (stable: with moderate exercise, unstable: with minimal exertion) |
|
|
Term
| px: chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI |
|
Definition
| dx: Dressler syndrome (autoimmune-mediated post-MI fibrinous pericarditis, 1-12wk after acute episode) |
|
|
Term
| px: child uses arms to stand up from squat |
|
Definition
| dx: Gowers sign (Duchenne muscular dystrophy) |
|
|
Term
| px: child with fever later develops rash on face that spreads to body |
|
Definition
| dx: slapped cheeks (erythema infectiosum/fifth disease: parvovirus B19) |
|
|
Term
| px: chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration |
|
Definition
| dx: Huntington disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion) |
|
|
Term
| px: chronic excercise intoleracne with myaglia, fatigue, painful cramps, myoglobinuria |
|
Definition
| dx: McArdle disease (muscle glycogen phosphorylase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: conjugate lateral gaze palsy, horizontal diplopia |
|
Definition
| dx: internuclear ophthalmoplegia (damage to MLF; bilateral = MS, unilateral = stroke) |
|
|
Term
| px: continuous machine-like heart murmur |
|
Definition
| dx: PDA (close with indamethacin, open or maintain with misoprostol) |
|
|
Term
| px: cutaneous/dermal edema due to CT deposition |
|
Definition
| dx: myxedema (caused by hypothyroidism, Graves disease = pretibial) |
|
|
Term
| px: dark purple skin/mouth nodules in a pt with AIDS |
|
Definition
| dx: Kaposi sarcoma, assoc. w/ HHV8 |
|
|
Term
| px: deep labored breathing/hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| dx: Kussmaul respirations (diabetic ketoacidosis) |
|
|
Term
| px: dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea |
|
Definition
| dx: Pellagra (niacin-Vitamin B3-deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition |
|
Definition
| dx: Wet beriberi (thiamine-Vitamin B1-deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: dog or cate bit resulting in infection |
|
Definition
| dx: Pasteurella multocida (cellulitis at inoculation site) |
|
|
Term
| px: dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis |
|
Definition
| dx: Sjogren syndrome (autoimmune destruction of exocrine glands) |
|
|
Term
| px: dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia |
|
Definition
| dx: Plummer-Vinson Syndrome (may progress to esophageal SqCC) |
|
|
Term
| px: elastic skin, hypermobility of joints |
|
Definition
| dx: Ehlers-Danlos syndrome (type III collagen defect) |
|
|
Term
| px: enlarged/hard left supraclavicular node |
|
Definition
| dx: Virchow node (abdominal metastasis) |
|
|
Term
| px: erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Mycosis fungoides (cutaneous T cell lymphoma) or Sezary Syndrome (mycosis fungoides + malignant T cells in blood) |
|
|
Term
| px: facial muscle spasm upon tapping |
|
Definition
| dx: Chvostek sign (hypocalcemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: fat, female, forty, and fertile (flatulent) |
|
Definition
| dx: cholelithiasis (gallstones) |
|
|
Term
| px: fever, chills, HA, myalgia following abx treatment for syphilis |
|
Definition
| dx: Jarisch-Herxheimer rxn (rapid lysis of spirochetes results in toxin release) |
|
|
Term
| px: fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: fever, night sweats, weight loss |
|
Definition
| dx: B symptoms (staging) of lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| px: fibrous plaques in soft tissue of penis |
|
Definition
| dx: Peyronie disease (CT d/o) |
|
|
Term
| px: gout, intellectual disability, self-mutilating behavior in a boy |
|
Definition
| dx: Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linked recessive) |
|
|
Term
| px: green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea |
|
Definition
| dx: Kayser-Fleischer rings (copper accumulation from Wilson disease) |
|
|
Term
| px: harmartomatous GI polyps, hyperpigmentation of mouth/feet/hands |
|
Definition
| dx: Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis can cause bowel obstruction, increase cancer risk - mainly GI) |
|
|
Term
| px: hepatosplenomegaly, osteoporosis, neurologic symptoms |
|
Definition
| dx: Gaucher disease (glucocerebrosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: hereditary nephritis, sensorineural hearing loss, cataracts |
|
Definition
| dx: Alport syndrome (mutation in collagen IV) |
|
|
Term
| px: hyperphagia, hypersexuality, hyperorality, hyperdocility |
|
Definition
| dx: Kluver-Bucy syndrome (bilateral amygdala lesion) |
|
|
Term
| px: hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia |
|
Definition
| dx: Blue bloater (chronic bronchitis - hyperpolasia of mucous cells) |
|
|
Term
| px: indurated/ulcerated genital lesion |
|
Definition
dx:
Nonpainful - chancre (1* syphilis, Treponema pallidum)
Painful, w/ exudate - chancroid (Haemophilus ducreyi) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoproscencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia |
|
Definition
| dx: Patau syndrome (trisomy 13) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, and neurodegeneration |
|
Definition
| dx: Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatosplenomegaly |
|
Definition
| dx: Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| dx: Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| px: jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder |
|
Definition
| dx: Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree) |
|
|
Term
| px: large rash with bull's-eye appearance |
|
Definition
| dx: erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
|
|
Term
| px: lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
|
Definition
| dx: epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
|
|
Term
| px: male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| dx: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| px: muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension |
|
Definition
| dx: Beck triad - cardiac tamponade |
|
|
Term
| px: multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| dx: Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
|
|
Term
| px: myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| dx: Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
|
Definition
| dx: Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury - waiter's tip) |
|
|
Term
| px: no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| dx: Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
|
|
Term
| px: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| dx: Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHSF or inc. intracranial pressure) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| dx: cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleusosis) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful/pale/cold fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| dx: Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful raised red lesions on paid of fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| dx: Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, due to immune complex deposition) |
|
|
Term
| px: painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| dx: Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, due to septic emboli/microabscesses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct |
|
|
Term
| px: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria |
|
Definition
| dx: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| px: pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors |
|
Definition
| dx: MEN1 (autosomal dominant) |
|
|
Term
| px: periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| dx: Pink puffer (emphysema - centracinar = smoking, panacinar = alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets |
|
Definition
| dx: Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubluar reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, and hepatosplenomegaly |
|
Definition
| dx: Cori disease (debranching enzyme deficiency) or Von Gierke disease (glucose-6-phosphatase deficiency, more severe) |
|
|
Term
| px: infant with microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands, structural heart defect |
|
Definition
| dx: Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18) |
|
|
Term
| px: jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gallbladder |
|
Definition
| dx: Courvoisier sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree) |
|
|
Term
| px: large rash with bull's-eye appearance |
|
Definition
| dx: erythema chronicum migrans from Ixodes tick bite (Lyme disease: Borrelia) |
|
|
Term
| px: lucid interval after traumatic brain injury |
|
Definition
| dx: epidural hematoma (middle meningeal artery rupture) |
|
|
Term
| px: male child, recurrent infections, no mature B cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Bruton disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: mucosal bleeding and prolonged bleeding time |
|
Definition
| dx: Glanzmann thrombasthenia (defect in platelet aggregation due to lack of GpIIb/IIIa) |
|
|
Term
| px: muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension |
|
Definition
| dx: Beck triad - cardiac tamponade |
|
|
Term
| px: multiple colon polyps, osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth |
|
Definition
| dx: Gardner syndrome (subtype of FAP) |
|
|
Term
| px: myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance |
|
Definition
| dx: Pompe disease (lysosomal alpha-1,4-glucosidase deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: neonate with arm paralysis following difficult birth |
|
Definition
| dx: Erb-Duchenne palsy (superior trunk [C5-C6] brachial plexus injury - waiter's tip) |
|
|
Term
| px: no lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance |
|
Definition
| dx: Sheehan syndrome (pituitary infarction) |
|
|
Term
| px: nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: oscillating slow/fast breathing |
|
Definition
| dx: Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea in CHSF or inc. intracranial pressure) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia |
|
Definition
| dx: cold agglutinin disease (autoimmune hemolytic anemia caused by Mycoplasma pneumoniae, infectious mononucleusosis) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful/pale/cold fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| dx: Raynaud phenomenon (vasospasm in extremities) |
|
|
Term
| px: painful raised red lesions on paid of fingers/toes |
|
Definition
| dx: Osler nodes (infective endocarditis, due to immune complex deposition) |
|
|
Term
| px: painless erythematous lesions on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| dx: Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, due to septic emboli/microabscesses) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: cancer of pancreatic head obstructing bile duct |
|
|
Term
| px: palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain (child), hematuria |
|
Definition
| dx: Henoch-Schonlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys) |
|
|
Term
| px: pancreatic, pituitary and parathyroid tumors |
|
Definition
| dx: MEN1 (autosomal dominant) |
|
|
Term
| px: periorbital and/or peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation |
|
Definition
| dx: Pink puffer (emphysema - centracinar = smoking, panacinar = alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px: polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalance, hypophosphatemic rickets |
|
Definition
| dx: Fanconi syndrome (proximal tubluar reabsorption defect) |
|
|
Term
| px: pruritic purple polygonal planar papules and plaques |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis |
|
Definition
| dx: Horner syndrome (sympathetic chain lesion) |
|
|
Term
| px: pupil accomodates but does not react |
|
Definition
| dx: Argyll Robertson pupil (neurosyphilis, 3*) |
|
|
Term
| px: rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI or URT infection |
|
Definition
| dx: Guillain-Barre syndrome (acute autoimmune inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathy) |
|
|
Term
| px: rash on palms and soles |
|
Definition
| dx: Coxsackie A, 2* syphilis, Rocky Mountain spotted fever |
|
|
Term
| px: recurrent colds, unusual eczema, high serum IgE |
|
Definition
| dx: Hyper-IgE syndrome (Job syndrome-neutrophil chemotaxis abnormality) |
|
|
Term
| px: red currant jelly sputum in alcoholic or diabetic pt |
|
Definition
| dx: Klebsiella pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| px: red currant jelly stools |
|
Definition
| dx: acute mesenteric ischemia (adults), intussusception (infants) |
|
|
Term
| px: red itchy swollen rash of nipple/areola |
|
Definition
| dx: Paget disease of breast (sign of underlying neoplasm) |
|
|
Term
| px: red urine in morning, fragile RBCs |
|
Definition
| dx: paroxysmal nocturnal hematuria |
|
|
Term
| px: renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| dx: von Hippel-Lindau disease (dominant tumor suppressor gene mutation) |
|
|
Term
| px: resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postrual instability |
|
Definition
| dx: Parkinson disease (nigrostriatal dopamine depletion) |
|
|
Term
| px: retinal hemorrhages with pale centers |
|
Definition
| dx: Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis) |
|
|
Term
| px: severe jaundice in neonate |
|
Definition
| dx: Crigler-Najjar syndrome (congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ |
|
Definition
| dx: Rovsing sign (acute appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
| px: severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness |
|
Definition
| dx: McBurney sign (acute appendicitis) |
|
|
Term
| px: short stature, increased incidence of tumors/leukemia, aplastic anemia |
|
Definition
| dx: Fanconi anemia (genetic loss of DNA cross-link repair; often progresses to AML) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px: situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility |
|
Definition
| dx: Kartagener syndrome (dynein arm defect affecting cilia) |
|
|
Term
| px: skin hyperpigmentation, hypotension, fatigue |
|
Definition
| dx: Addison disease (1* adrenocortical insufficiency causes inc. ACTH and inc. alpha-MSH production) |
|
|
Term
| px: slow progressive muscle weakness in boy |
|
Definition
| dx: Becker muscular dystrophy (X-linked missense mutation in dystrophic, less severe than Duchenne) |
|
|
Term
| px: small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers |
|
Definition
| dx: Koplik spots (measles, rubeola virus) |
|
|
Term
| px: smooth flat moist painless white lesion on genitals |
|
Definition
| dx: condylomata lata (2* syphilis) |
|
|
Term
| px: splinter hemorrhages in fingernails |
|
Definition
| dx: bacterial endocarditis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: Scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, toxic shock syndrome |
|
|
Term
| px: streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema |
|
Definition
| dx: Turner syndrome (45,XO) |
|
|
Term
| px: sudden swollen/painful big toe joint, tophi |
|
Definition
| dx: gout/podagra (hyperuricemia) |
|
|
Term
| px: swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, petechiae |
|
Definition
| dx: Scurvy (vitamin C deficiency, can't hydroxylate proline/lysine for collagen synthesis) |
|
|
Term
| px: swollen hard painful finger joints |
|
Definition
| dx: osteoarthritis (osteophytes at PIP = Bouchard nodes, DIP = Heberden nodes) |
|
|
Term
| px: systolic ejection murmur (crescendo-decrescendo) |
|
Definition
| dx: aortic valve stenosis |
|
|
Term
| px: thyroid and parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma |
|
Definition
| dx: MEN2A (autosomal dominant, ret mutation) |
|
|
Term
| px: thyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis |
|
Definition
| dx: MEN2B (autosomal dominant, ret mutation) |
|
|
Term
| px: toe extension/fanning upon plantar scarpe |
|
Definition
| dx: Babinski sign (UMN lesion) |
|
|
Term
| px: unilateral facial drooping involving forehead |
|
Definition
| dx: facial nerve injury (LMN CNVII palsy) |
|
|
Term
| px: urethritis, conjunctivitis, arthritis in male |
|
Definition
| dx: reactive arthritis assoc. w/ HLA-B27 |
|
|
Term
| px: vascular birthmark (port-wine stain) |
|
Definition
| dx: hemangioma (benign, but assoc. w/ Sturge-Weber syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| px: vomiting blood following gastroesophageal lacerations |
|
Definition
| dx: Mallory-Weiss syndrome (alcoholic and bulimic patients) |
|
|
Term
| px: weight loss, diarrhea, arthritis, fever, adenopathy |
|
Definition
| dx: Whipple disease (Tropheryma whipplei) |
|
|
Term
| px: worst headache of my life |
|
Definition
| dx: subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| lab: anticentromere antibodies |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: antidesmoglein (epithelial) antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: pemphigus vulgaris (blistering) |
|
|
Term
| lab: anti-glomerular bastement membrane antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: Goodpasture syndrome (glomerulonephritis and hemoptysis) |
|
|
Term
| lab: antihistone antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: drug-induced SLE (hydralazine, INH, phenytoin, procainamide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: rheumatoid arthritis (systemic inflammation, joint pannus, boutonniere deformity) |
|
|
Term
| lab: antimitochondrial antibodies (AMAs) |
|
Definition
| dx: 1* biliary cirrhosis (female, cholestatis, portal HTN) |
|
|
Term
| lab: antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies (ANCA) |
|
Definition
| dx: microscopic polyangiitis and Churg-Strauss syndrome (MPO-ANCA/p-ANCA); granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener, PR3-ANCA/c-ANCA) |
|
|
Term
| lab: antinuclear antibodies (ANAs: anti-Smith and anti-dsDNA) |
|
Definition
| dx: SLE (type III hypersensitivity) |
|
|
Term
| lab: antiplatelet antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: idio thrombocytopenia purpura |
|
|
Term
| lab: anti-topoisomerase antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: diffuse systemic scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| lab: anti-transglutaminase/anti-gliadin/anti-endomysial antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: Celiac disease (diarrhea, distention, wt loss) |
|
|
Term
| lab: apple core lesion on abdominal x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: colorectal cancer (usually left-sided) |
|
|
Term
| lab: azurophilic peroxidase (+) granular inclusions in granulocytes and myeloblasts |
|
Definition
| dx: Auer rods (AML, esp. the promyelocytic M3 type) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - S. pyogenes (GAS)
Resistant - S. agalactiae (GBS) |
|
|
Term
| lab: bamboo spine on x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: ankylosing spondylitis (chronic inflammatory arthritis, HLA-B27) |
|
|
Term
| lab: basophilic nuclear remnants in RBCs |
|
Definition
| dx: Howell-Jolly bodies (due to splenectomy or nonfunctional spleen) |
|
|
Term
| lab: basophilic stippling of RBCs |
|
Definition
| dx: lead poisoning or sideroblastic anemia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: subarachnoid hemorrhage |
|
|
Term
| lab: boot shaped heart on x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: tetralogy of Fallot, RVH |
|
|
Term
| lab: branching gram-positive rods with sulfur granules |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: bronchogenic apical lung tumor on imaging |
|
Definition
| dx: Pancoast tumor (can compress sympathetic ganglion and cause Horner syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: hyperparathyroidism or osteitis fibrosa cystica (deposited hemosiderin from hemorrhage gives brown color) |
|
|
Term
| lab: cardiomegaly with apical atrophy |
|
Definition
| dx: Chagas disease (Trypanosoma cruzi) |
|
|
Term
| lab: cellular crescents in Bowman capsule |
|
Definition
| dx: rapidly progressive crescentic glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| lab: chocolate cyst of ovary |
|
Definition
| dx: endometriosis (frequently involves both ovaries) |
|
|
Term
| lab: circular group of dark tumor cells surrounding pale neurofibrils |
|
Definition
| dx: Homer-Wright rosettes (neuroblastoma, medulloblastoma, retinoblastoma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: colonies of mucoid Pseudomonas in lungs |
|
Definition
| dx: cystic fibrosis (autosomal recessive mutation in CFTR gene --> fat soluble vitamin deficiency and mucous plugs) |
|
|
Term
| lab: decrease AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| dx: Down syndrome or other chromosomal abnormality |
|
|
Term
| lab: degeneration of dorsal column nerves |
|
Definition
| dx: Tabes dorsalis (3* syphilis), Subacute combined degeneration (dorsal columns and lateral corticospinal tracts affected) |
|
|
Term
| lab: desquamated epithelium casts in sputum |
|
Definition
| dx: Cruschmann spirals (bronchial asthma; can result in whorled mucous plug) |
|
|
Term
| lab: disarrayed granulosa cells in eosinophilic fluid |
|
Definition
| dx: Call-Exner bodies (granulosa-theca cell tumor of the ovary) |
|
|
Term
| lab: dysplastic squamous cervical cells with nuclear enlargement and hyperchromasia |
|
Definition
| dx: Koilocytes (HPV - predisposes to cervical cancer) |
|
|
Term
| lab: enlarged cells with intranuclear inclusion bodes |
|
Definition
| dx: Owl eye appearance of CMV |
|
|
Term
| lab: eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in liver cell |
|
Definition
| dx: Mallory body (alcoholic liver disease) |
|
|
Term
| lab: eosinophilic cytoplasmic inclusion in nerve cell |
|
Definition
| dx: Lewy body (Parkinson disease) |
|
|
Term
| lab: eosinophilic globule in liver |
|
Definition
| dx: Councilman body (toxic or viral hepatitis, often yellow fever) |
|
|
Term
| lab: eosinophilic inclusion body in cytoplasm of hippocampal and cerebellar nerve cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Negri bodies of rabies |
|
|
Term
| lab: extracellular amyloid deposition in gray matter of brain |
|
Definition
| dx: Senile plaques (Alzheimer disease) |
|
|
Term
| lab: giant B cells with bilobed nuclei with prominent inclusions (owl's eye) |
|
Definition
| dx: Reed-Sternberg cells (Hodgkin lymphoma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: glomerulus-like structure surrounding vessel in germ cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Schiller-Duval bodies (yolk sac tumor) |
|
|
Term
| lab: hair on end (crew cut) skull appearance on x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: beta-thalassemia, sickle cell anemia (marrow expansion) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: choriocarcinoma, hydatidiform mole (occurs with and without embryo, and multiple pregnancy) |
|
|
Term
| lab: heart nodules (granulomatous) |
|
Definition
| dx: Aschoff bodies (rheumatic fever) |
|
|
Term
| lab: heterophile antibodies |
|
Definition
| dx: infectious mononucleosis (EBV) |
|
|
Term
| lab: hexagonal double-pointed needle-like crystals in bronchial secretions |
|
Definition
| dx: bronchial asthma (Charcot-Leyden crystals - eosinophilic granules) |
|
|
Term
| lab: high level of D-dimers |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: Hilary lymphadenopathy, peripheral granulomatous lesions in middle or lower lung lobes, +/- calcified |
|
Definition
| dx: Ghon complex (1* TB: myocobacterium bacilli) |
|
|
Term
| lab: honeycomb lung on x-ray or CT |
|
Definition
| dx: interstitial pulmonary fibrosis |
|
|
Term
| lab: hypercoagulability (leading to migrating DVTs and vasculitis) |
|
Definition
| dx: Trousseau syndrome (adenocarcinoma of pancreas or lung) |
|
|
Term
| lab: hypersegmented neutrophils |
|
Definition
| dx: megaloblastic anemia (B12 deficiency - neurologic sx, folate deficiency - no neurologic sx) |
|
|
Term
| lab: hypertension, hypokalemia, metabolic alkalosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: hypochromic microcytic anemia |
|
Definition
| dx: iron deficiency, lead poisoning, thalassemia (fetal hemoglobin sometimes present) |
|
|
Term
| lab: increased AFP in amniotic fluid/maternal serum |
|
Definition
| dx: Dating error, anencephaly, spina bifida (NTDs) |
|
|
Term
| lab: increased uric acid levels |
|
Definition
| dx: Gout, Lesch-Nyhan syndrome, tumor lysis syndrome, loop and thiazide diuretics |
|
|
Term
| lab: intranuclear eosinophilic droplet-like bodies |
|
Definition
| dx: Crowdy type A boddies (HSV or CMV) |
|
|
Term
| lab: iron-containing nodules in alveolar septum |
|
Definition
| dx: ferruginous bodies (asbestosis - inc. chance of mesothelioma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: keratin pearls on skin biopsy |
|
Definition
| dx: squamous cell carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| lab: lead pip appearance of colon on barium enema xray |
|
Definition
| dx: ulcerative colitis (loss of haustra) |
|
|
Term
| lab: linear appearance of IgG deposition on glomerular basement membrane |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: low cerum ceruloplasmin |
|
Definition
| dx: Wilson disease (hepatolenticular degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| lab: lumpy-bumpy appearance of glomeruli on immunofluorescence |
|
Definition
| dx: poststreptococcal GN (immune complex of IgG and C3b) |
|
|
Term
| lab: lytic (hole-punched) bone lesion on x-ray |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: mammary gland (blue-domed) cyst) |
|
Definition
| dx: fibrocystic change of breast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: multiple myeloma (IgA or IgG usually), monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS consequence of aging), Waldenstrom (M protein = IgM) macroglobulinemia, primary amyloidosis |
|
|
Term
| lab: mucin-filled cell with peripheral nucleus |
|
Definition
| dx: signet ring (gastric carcinoma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: narrowing of bowel lumen on barium x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: string sign (Crohn dz) |
|
|
Term
| lab: necrotizing vasculitic (lungs) and necrotizing GN |
|
Definition
| dx: granulomatosis with polyangiitis (Wegener = PR2-ANCA/c-ANCA), Goodpasture syndrome (anti-BM Abs) |
|
|
Term
| lab: needle-shaped, negatively birefringent crystals |
|
Definition
| dx: gout (monosodium urate crystals) |
|
|
Term
| lab: nodular hyaline deposits in glomeruli |
|
Definition
| dx: Kimmmelstiel-Wilson nodules (diabetic nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - Staph epidermidis
Resistant - Staph saprophyticus |
|
|
Term
| lab: nutmeg appearance of liver |
|
Definition
| dx: chronic passive congestion of liver due to right heart failure |
|
|
Term
| lab: onion skin periosteal reaction |
|
Definition
| dx: Ewing sarcoma (malignant round-cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
dx:
Sensitive - strep pneumonia
Resistant - viridians strep |
|
|
Term
| lab: periosteum raised from bone creating triangular area |
|
Definition
| dx: Codman triangle (osteosarcoma, Ewing sarcoma, pyogenic osteomyelitis) |
|
|
Term
| lab: podocyte fusion or effacement on electron microscopy |
|
Definition
| dx: minimal change disease (child with nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| lab: polished, ivory-like appearance of bone at cartilage erosion |
|
Definition
| dx: eburnation (OA resulting in boney sclerosis) |
|
|
Term
| lab: protein aggregates in neurons from hyperphosphorylation of tau protein |
|
Definition
| dx: neurofibrillary tangles (Alzehimer dz) or Pick bodies (Pick dz) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: meningiomas, papillary thyroid carcinoma, mesothelioma, papillary serous carcinoma of endometrium and ovary |
|
|
Term
| lab: pseudopalisating tumor cells on brain biopsy |
|
Definition
| dx: glioblastoma multiforme |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: acute glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| lab: rectangular, crystal-like cytoplasmic inclusions in Leydig cells |
|
Definition
| dx: reinke crystals (Leydig cell tumor) |
|
|
Term
| lab: renal epithelial cell casts in urine |
|
Definition
| dx: acute toxic/viral renal injury |
|
|
Term
| lab: rhomboid crystals, positively birefringent |
|
Definition
| dx: pseudogout (calcium pyrophosphate dehydrate crystals) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: ring-enhancing brain lesion in AIDS |
|
Definition
| dx: toxoplasma gondii, CNS lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| lab: sheets of medium-sized lymphoid cells w/ scattered pale tingible body-laden macrophages ("starry sky") |
|
Definition
| dx: Burkitt lymphoma (t[8:14] c-myc activation, assoc. w/ EBV, black sky is made of the malignant cells) |
|
|
Term
| lab: silver-staining spherical aggregation of tau proteins in neurons |
|
Definition
| dx: Pick bodies (pick dz - progressive dementia, changes in personality) |
|
|
Term
| lab: soap bubble in femur or tibia on x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: giant cell tumor of bone (generally benign) |
|
|
Term
| lab: spikes on basement membrane, dome-like subepithelial deposits |
|
Definition
| dx: membranous glomerulonephritis (may progress to nephrotic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: Rouleaux formation (high ESR, multiple myeloma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: stippled vaginal epithelial cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Clue cells (Gardenerella vaginalis) |
|
|
Term
| lab: tennis racket-shaped cytoplasmic organelles (EM) in Langerhans cells |
|
Definition
| dx: Birbeck granules (Langerhans cell histiocytosis or histiocytosis X - eosinophilic granuloma) |
|
|
Term
| lab: thrombi made of white/red layers |
|
Definition
| dx: Lines of Zahn (arterial thrombus, layers of platelets/RBCs) |
|
|
Term
| lab: thumb sign on lateral x-ray |
|
Definition
| dx: epiglottitis (Haemophilus influenzae) |
|
|
Term
| lab: thyroid-like appearance of kidney |
|
Definition
| dx: chronic bacterial pyelonephritis |
|
|
Term
| lab: tram track appearance of capillary loops of glomerulus basement membranes on light microscopy |
|
Definition
| dx: membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
| lab: triglyceride accumulation in liver cell vacuoles |
|
Definition
| dx: fatty liver dz (alcoholic or metabolic syndrome) |
|
|
Term
| lab: waxy cases with very low urine flow |
|
Definition
| dx: chronic end-stage renal disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lab: WBCs that look smudged |
|
Definition
| dx: CLL (almost always B cell) |
|
|
Term
| lab: wire loop glomerular capillary appearance on light microscopy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| dx: xanthochromia (e.g. due to subarachnoid hemorrhage) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: acute promyelocytic leukemia (M3) |
|
Definition
| tx: all-trans retinoic acid |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: methyphenidate, amphetamines |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: AA + disulfiram, or acamprosate for pt, Al-Anon or pt's family |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: nutrition, psychotherapy |
|
|
Term
| dz: anticoagulation during pregnancy |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: arrhythmia in damaged cardiac tissue |
|
Definition
| tx: class IB antiarrhythmic (lidocaine, mexiletine, tocainide) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: vitamin B12 supplementation (work up cause with Schilling test) |
|
|
Term
| dz: benign prostatic hyperplasia |
|
Definition
| tx: tamsulosin, finasteride |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: lithium, valproate, carbamazepine, lamotrigine (mood stabilizers) |
|
|
Term
| dz: breast cancer in postmenopausal women |
|
Definition
| tx: aromatase inhibitors (anastrozole) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: AmpB (systemic), nystatin (oral thrush), azoles (vaginintis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: chlamydia trachomatis |
|
Definition
| tx: doxycycline (+ ceftriazone for gonorrhea coinfection), erythromycin eye drops (prophylaxis in infants) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: probenecid (underexcretor), allopurinol (overproducer), febuxostat |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: chronic myelogenous leukemia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: clostridium botulinum |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: clostridium difficile |
|
Definition
| tx: oral metronidazole, if refractory -> oral vancomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: antitoxin + vaccine booster + diazepam |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: corticosteroids, infliximab, methotrexate, azathioprine |
|
|
Term
| dz: Cryptococcus neoformans |
|
Definition
| tx: fluconazole (prophylaxis in AIDS) |
|
|
Term
| dz: cyclophosphamide-induced hemorrhagic cystitis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: DDAVP (central), hydrochlorothiazide/indomethacin/amiloride (nephrogenic) |
|
|
Term
| dz: diabetes mellitus type 1 |
|
Definition
| tx: dietary intervention (low sugar) + insulin replacement |
|
|
Term
| dz: diabetes mellitus type 2 |
|
Definition
| tx: dietary intervention, oral hypoglycemic, and insulin (if refractory) |
|
|
Term
| dz: diabetic ketoacidosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: vancomycine/ampicillin + aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: sildenafil, vardenafil |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: ethylene glycol/methanol intoxication |
|
Definition
| tx: fomepizole (alcohol dehydrogenase inhibitor) |
|
|
Term
| dz: haemophilus influenza (B) |
|
Definition
| tx: rifampin (prophylaxis) |
|
|
Term
| dz: generalized anxiety disorder |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: granulomatous with polyangiitis (Wegener) |
|
Definition
| tx: cyclophosphamide, corticosteroids |
|
|
Term
| dz: heparin toxicity (acute) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: Her2/neu(+) breast cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: immediate anticoagulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: leuprolide, GnRH (pulsatile), clomiphene |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: rimantadine, oseltamivir |
|
|
Term
| dz: legionella pneumophilia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: long-term anticoagulation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: chloroquine/mefloquine (for blood schizont), primaquine (for liver hypnozoite) |
|
|
Term
| dz: malignant hyperthermia |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: beta-IFN, immunosuppression, natalizumab |
|
|
Term
| dz: mycobacterium tuberculosis |
|
Definition
| tx: RIPE (rifampin, INH, pyrazinamide, ethambutol) |
|
|
Term
| dz: Neisseria gonorrhoeae |
|
Definition
| tx: ceftriaxone (add doxycycline to cover concurrent Chlamydia) |
|
|
Term
| dz: neural tube defect prevention |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: Vitamin D supplementation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: bisphosphonates, calcium, vitamin D supplementation |
|
|
Term
| dz: patent ductus arteriosus |
|
Definition
| tx: indomethacin (closes) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: alpha-antagonists (e.g. phenoxybenzamine) |
|
|
Term
| dz: pneumocystis jirovecii |
|
Definition
| tx: TMP-SMX (prophylaxis in AIDS) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: bromocriptine (dopamine agonists) |
|
|
Term
| dz: prostate cancer/uterine fibroids |
|
Definition
| tx: leuprolide, GnRH (continuous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
Definition
| tx: antipseudomonal penicillin + aminoglycoside |
|
|
Term
| dz: pulmonary arterial HTN (idiopathic) |
|
Definition
| tx: sildenafil, bonsentan, epoprostenol |
|
|
Term
| dz: rickettsia rickettsii |
|
Definition
| tx: doxycycline, chloramphenicol (assoc. w/ aplastic anemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: terbinafine, griseofulvin, imidazole |
|
|
Term
| dz: schizophrenia (negative sx) |
|
Definition
| tx: 5HT2A antagonists (2nd gen antipsychotics) |
|
|
Term
| dz: schizophrenia (positive sx) |
|
Definition
| tx: D2 receptor antagonists (1st and 2nd gen antipsychotics) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: demeclocycline, lithium, vasopressin receptor antagonists |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: hydroxyurea (increases fetal hemoglobin) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: oral potassium iodide |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: sublingual nitroglycerin |
|
|
Term
| dz: staphylococcus aureus |
|
Definition
| tx: MSSA - nafcillin/oxacillin/dicloxacillin, MRSA - vacnomycin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: penicillin prophylaxis, evaluation fro colon cancer if linked to endocarditis |
|
|
Term
| dz: streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
Definition
| tx: penicillin/cephalosporin (systemic infection, pneumonia), vancomycin (meningitis) |
|
|
Term
| dz: streptococcus pyogenes |
|
Definition
| tx: penicillin prophylaxis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: tonic clonic seizures |
|
Definition
| tx: phenytoin, valproate, carbamazepine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: sulfadiazine + pyrimethamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| dz: trichomonas vaginalis |
|
Definition
| tx: metronidazole (pt and partner) |
|
|
Term
| dz: trigeminal neuralgia (tic douloureux) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: 5-ASA, infliximab, colectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| tx: fresh frozen plasma (acute), vitamin K (chronic) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: actinic (solar) keratosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: acute gastric ulcer assoc. w/ CNS injury |
|
Definition
| MC: Cushing ulcer (increased intracranial pressure stimulates vagal gastric secretion) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: acute gastric ulcer assoc. w/ severe burns |
|
Definition
| MC: Curling ulcer (greatly reduced plasma volume results in sloughing of gastric mucosa) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: alternating areas of transmural inflammation and normal colon |
|
Definition
| MC: skip lesions (Crohn disease) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: aneurysm, dissecting |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: aortic aneurysm, abdominal and descending aorta |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: aortic aneurysm, arch |
|
Definition
| MC: 3* syphilis (syphilitic aortitis), vasa vasorum destruction |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: aortic aneurysm, ascending |
|
Definition
| MC: Marfan syndrome (idiopathic cystic medial degeneration) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: atrophy of mammillary bodies |
|
Definition
| MC: Wernicke encephalopathy (thiamine deficiency causing ataxia, ophthalmoplegia and confusion) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: autosplenectomy (fibrosis and shrinkage) |
|
Definition
| MC: Sickle cell anemia (hemoglobin S) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: bacteria assoc. with gastritis, peptic ulcer dz, and stomach cancer |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: bacterial meningitis (adults and elderly) |
|
Definition
| MC: Streptococcus pneumoniae |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: bacterial meningitis (newborns and kids) |
|
Definition
| MC: Group B strep/E. coli (newborn), S. pneumo/Neisseria meninigitidis (kids) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: benign melanocytic nevus |
|
Definition
| MC: Spitz nevus (MC in 1st two decades) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: bleeding disorder with GpIb deficiency |
|
Definition
| MC: Bernard-Soulier syndrome (defect in plate adhesion to von Willebrand factor) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: brain tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
| MC: Supratentorial - metastasis > astrocytoma (including glioblastoma multiforme) > meningioma > schwannoma |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: brain tumor (kids) |
|
Definition
| MC: Infratentorial - medulloblastoma (cerebellum) or Supratentorial - craniopharyngioma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: infiltrating ductal carcinoma |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cardiac 1* tumor (kids) |
|
Definition
| MC: rhabdomyoma, often seen in tuberous sclerosis |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cardiac manifestation of lupus |
|
Definition
| MC: Libman-Sacks endocarditis (nonbacterial, affecting both sides of mitral valve) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cardiac tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
| MC: metastasis, 1* myxoma (4:1 left to right atrium, "ball and valve") |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cerebellar tonsil herniation |
|
Definition
| MC: chiari II malformation |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: chronic arrhythmia |
|
Definition
| MC: atrial fibrillation (assoc. w/ high risk of emboli) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: chronic atrophic gastritis (autoimmune) |
|
Definition
| MC: predisposition to gastric carcinoma (can also cause pernicious anemia) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: clear cell adenocarcinoma of the vigina |
|
Definition
| MC: DES exposure in utero |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: compression fracture |
|
Definition
| MC: osteoporosis (type I - postmenopausal women, type II - elderly man or woman) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: congenital adrenal hyperplasia, hypotension |
|
Definition
| MC: 21-hydroxylase deficiency |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: congenital cardiac anomaly |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: congenital conjugated hyperbilirubinemia (black liver) |
|
Definition
| MC: Dubin-Johnson syndrome (inability of hepatocytes to secrete conjugated bilirubin into bile) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: constrictive pericarditis |
|
Definition
| MC: TB (developing world); SLE (developed world) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: coronary artery involved in thrombosis |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: iodine deficit/hypothyroidism |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MC:
Iatrogenic - corticosteroid therapy
Adrenocortical adenoma - excess cortisol
ACTH-secreting pituitary adenoma
Paraneoplastic - ACTH from tumor |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cyanosis (early, less common) |
|
Definition
| MC: tetralogy of Fallot, transposition of great vessels, truncus arteriosus |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: cyanosis (late, more common) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: Alzheimer dz, multiple infarcts |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: demyelinating disease in young women |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: severe sepsis, obstetric complications, cancer, burns, trauma, major surgery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: diverticulum in pharynx |
|
Definition
| MC: Zenker diverticulum (diagnosed by barium swallow) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: aortic/pulmonic stenosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: SqCC (world), adenocarcinoma (U.S.) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: food poisoning (exotoxin mediated) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: glomerulonephritis (adults) |
|
Definition
| MC: Berger disease (IgA nephropathy) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: gynecologic malignancy |
|
Definition
| MC: endometrial (U.S.), cervical (world) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: heart murmur, congenital |
|
Definition
| MC: mitral valve prolapse |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: heart valve in bacterial endocarditis |
|
Definition
| MC: mitral > aortic (rheumatic fever), tricuspid (IVDU) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: helminth infection (U.S.) |
|
Definition
| MC: enterobius vermicularis, ascaris lumbricoides |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hematoma - epidural |
|
Definition
| MC: rupture of middle meningeal artery (trauma, lentiform shape) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hematoma - subdural |
|
Definition
| MC: rupture of bridging veins (crescent shaped) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: multiple blood transfusions or hereditary HFE mutation (can result in CHF, bronze diabetes, and increased risk of HCC) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hepatocellular carcinoma |
|
Definition
| MC: cirrhotic liver (assoc. with HepB and C and with alcoholism) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hereditary bleeding disorder |
|
Definition
| MC: von Willebrand disease |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hereditary harmless jaundice |
|
Definition
| MC: Gilbert syndrome (benign congenital unconjugated hyperbilirubinemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: ankylosing spondylitis, reactive arthritis, ulcerative colitis, psoriatic arthritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: holosystolic murmur |
|
Definition
| MC: VSD, tricuspid regurgitation, mitral regurgitation |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hypercoagulability, endothelial damage, blood stasis |
|
Definition
| MC: Virchow triad (results in venous thrombosis) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: hypoparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| MC: accidental excision during thyroidectomy |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: pituitary adenoma (usually benign tumor) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: infection 2* to blood transfusion |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: infections in chronic granulomatous disease |
|
Definition
| MC: S. aureus, E. coli, Aspergillisu (CATALASE +) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: intellectual disability |
|
Definition
| MC: Down syndrome, fragile X syndrome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
MC:
Calcium - radiopaque
Struvite (ammonium) - radiopaque (formed by urease + organisms like proteus vulgaris or staph)
Uric acid = radiolucent |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: late cyanotic shunt (uncorrected left to right becomes right to left) |
|
Definition
| MC: Eisenmenger syndrome (ASD/VSD/PDA, results in pulmonary HTN/polycythemia) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: lysosomal storage disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: malignancy assoc. w/ noninfectious fever |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: ALL, medulloblastoma (cerebellum) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: metastases to brain |
|
Definition
| MC: lung > breast > genitourinary > melanoma > GI |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: metastases to liver |
|
Definition
| MC: colon >> stomach, pancreas |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: mitochondrial inheritance |
|
Definition
| MC: disease occurs in both male and females, inherited through females only |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: mitral valve stenosis |
|
Definition
| MC: rheumatic heart disease |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: mixed (UMN and LMN) motor neuron disease |
|
Definition
| MC: amyotrophic lateral sclerosis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: nephrotic syndrome (adults) |
|
Definition
| MC: focal segmental glomerulosclerosis |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: nephrotic syndrome (kids) |
|
Definition
| MC: minimal change disease |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: neuron migration failure |
|
Definition
| MC: Kallmann syndrome (hypogonadotropic hypogonadism with anosmia) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: nosocomial pneumonia |
|
Definition
| MC: Klebsiella, E. coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: obstruction of male urinary tract |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: opportunistic infection in AIDS |
|
Definition
| MC: Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: osteomyelitis in sickle cell disease |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: osteomyelitis in IVDU |
|
Definition
| MC: Pseudomonas, S. aureus |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: ovarian metastasis from gastric carcinoma or breast cancer |
|
Definition
| MC: Krukenberg tumor (mucin-secreting signet ring cells) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: ovarian tumor (benign, bilateral) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: ovarian tumor (malignant) |
|
Definition
| MC: serous cystadenocarcinoma |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: pancreatitis (acute) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: pancreatitis (chronic) |
|
Definition
| MC: alcohol (adults), cystic fibrosis (kids) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: patient with ALL/CLL/AML/CML |
|
Definition
MC:
ALL - child
CLL - adult >60
AML - adult ~65
CML - adult 30-60 |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: pelvic inflammatory disease |
|
Definition
| MC: chlamydia trachomatis, n. gonorrhoeae |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: Philadelphia chromosome t(9;22), bcr-able |
|
Definition
| MC: CML, may sometimes be assoc. with ALL/AML |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: prolactinoma, somatotropic acidophilic adenoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: Turner syndrome (45,XO) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: 1* bone tumor (adults) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: 1* hyperaldosteronism |
|
Definition
| MC: adenoma of adrenal cortex |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: 1* hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| MC: adenoma, hyperplasia, carcionoma |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: hepatocellular carcinoma (chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, hemochromatosis, alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: pulmonary hypertension |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: recurrent inflammation/thrombosis of small/medium vessels in extremities |
|
Definition
| MC: Buerger disease (strongly assoc. with tobacco) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: renal cell carcinoma (assoc. w/ VHL and cigarette smoking; paraneoplastic = EPO, renin, PTH, ACTH) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: right heart failure due to pulmonary cause |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: S3 (protodiastolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| MC: increased ventricular filling (left to right shunt, mitral regurg, LV failure - CHF) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: S4 (presystolic gallop) |
|
Definition
| MC: stiff/hypertrophic ventricle (aortic stenosis, restrictive cardiomyopathy) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: 2* hyperparathyroidism |
|
Definition
| MC: hypocalcemia of chronic kidney disease |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: sexually transmitted disease |
|
Definition
| MC: chlamydia (usually coinfected with gonorrhoeae) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: small cell carcinoma of the lung |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: site of diverticula |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: sites of atheroslcerosis |
|
Definition
| MC: abdominal aorta > coronary artery > popliteal artery > carotid artery |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: stomach ulceration and high gastrin levels |
|
Definition
| MC: Zollinger-Ellison syndrome (gastrinoma of duodenum or pancreas) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: follicular lymphoma (bcl-2 activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: Burkitt lymphoma (c-myc activation) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: Philadelphia chromosome, CML (bcr-abl formation) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: temporal arteritis |
|
Definition
| MC: risk of ipsilateral blindness due to thrombosis of ophthalmic artery; polymyalgia rheumatica |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: seminoma (malignant, radiosensitive) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: leiomyoma (estrogen dependent, not precancerous) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: hemangioma (usually regresses spontaneously by childhood) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: tumor of adrenal medulla (adults) |
|
Definition
| MC: pheochromocytoma (usually benign) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: tumor of adrenal medulla (kids) |
|
Definition
| MC: neuroblastoma (malignant) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: nodular sclerosis (vs. mixed cellularity, lymphocytic predominance, lymphocytic depletion) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: type of non-Hodgkin |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| MC: E. coli, S. saprophyticus (young women) |
|
|
Term
| px/dz: viral encephalitis affecting temporal lobe |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| px/dz: vitamin deficiency (U.S.) |
|
Definition
| folate (pregnant women are at high risk, body stores only 3-4 month supply, prevents NTDs) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: positive predictive value |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: negative predictive value |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: number needed to treat |
|
Definition
| eq: 1/absolute risk reduction |
|
|
Term
| topic: number needed to harm |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: volume of distribution |
|
Definition
| eq: amount of drug in body/plasma drug concentration, amount of drug administered/plasma concentration |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eq: rate of elimination of drug/plasma drug concentration = Vd*Ke
Ke - elimination constant |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eq: Cp*CL*dosing interval/F |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
eq: rate of O2 consumption/(arterial O2 content-venous O2 content)
stroke volume* heart rate |
|
|
Term
| topic: mean arterial pressure |
|
Definition
| eq: CO*TPR, 2/3 diastolic + 1/3 systolic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eq: SV/EDV, (EDV-ESV)/EDV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eq: change in pressure/flow = 8*viscosity*length/(pi*r^4) |
|
|
Term
| topic: net filtration pressure |
|
Definition
| eq: [(hydrostatic pressure capillary - interstital)-(osmotic pressure capillary-interstital)] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eq: urinary concentration*urinary flow/plasma concentration |
|
|
Term
| topic: glomerular filtration rate |
|
Definition
eq: urinary [inulin]*urinary flow/plasma [inulin]
Kf[(P(GC)-P(BS))-(osmotic(GC)-osmotic(BS)] |
|
|
Term
| topic: effective renal plasma flow |
|
Definition
| eq: urinary [PAH]*urinary flow/plasma [PAH] |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: filtration fraction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| topic: Henderson-Hasselbach equation (for extracellular pH) |
|
Definition
| eq: 6.1 + log ([HCO3-]/(0.03*PCO2)) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| eq: PCO2 = 1.5[HCO3-]+8 (+/-2) |
|
|
Term
| topic: physiologic dead space |
|
Definition
| eq: VD = VT*(PaCO2-PECO2)/(PaCO2) |
|
|
Term
| topic: pulmonary vascular resistance |
|
Definition
| eq: (P of pulm artery - P left atrium)/(cardiac output) |
|
|
Term
| topic: alveolar gas equation |
|
Definition
| eq: PAO2 = PIO2 - PaCO2/R |
|
|
