Term
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Definition
| _____ __ ______ may be either by direct contact with infectious lesions, saliva or blood or indirect contact with contaminated fomites. |
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Term
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Definition
| Needle sticks are an example of _____ contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| Spatter of blood, saliva or nasopharyngeal secretions directly onto skin or mucosa, aerosols and fomites are examples of _____ contact. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the absence of infection or infectious organisms or agents. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ precautions is when you treat all patients as potentially infectious and applying same infection control protocols to all. This was replaced with _____ precautions where you treat all patients and all body fluids (except sweat) as potentially infectious. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the use of chemicals to reduce the numbers of bacteria on inanimate surfaces to levels considered safe for public health. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the use of brief exposures to moderately high temperatures to reduce the numbers of viable microbes and eliminate human pathogens. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pasteurization occurs at ___.__ degrees Celsius for ____ minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Pasteurization, canning, refrigeration, freezing, dessication and radiation are all way to ______ ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Salt, sugar, acids and nitrates/nitrites are all ____ ____. |
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Term
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Definition
| Bacterial endospores and prions are the ____ resistant whereas vegetative bacterial cells, enveloped viruses, yeasts and fungal spores are the ____ resistant. |
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Term
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Definition
Put the following in order from LEAST resistant to MOST resistant:
a. vegetative bacterial cells, enveloped viruses, yeasts and fungal spores
b. bacterial endospores
c. hepatitis B virus, non-enveloped viruses, mycobacterium tuberculosis and pseudomonas
d. prions |
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Term
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Definition
| Penicillin, detergents and alcohol are all _______ ______ that affect the cell wall. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ act as surfactant and make cells leaky whereas _______ prevents cross-linking in peptidoglycan and damages cell wall. |
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Term
1. interfere with protein and nucleic acid synthesis (chloramphenicol, tetracycline, mutagens)
2. alter protein function
3. damages cell walls
4. damages cell membrane |
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Definition
| List 2 of the 4 ways that antimicrobial agents work. |
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Term
| chloramphenicol and tetracycline |
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Definition
| ________ and ________ block protein synthesis by binding to ribosomes. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ interfere with nucleic acid synthesis. |
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Term
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Definition
| Antimicrobial agents can disrupt or denature proteins causing ______. |
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Term
1. cell wall
2. cell membrane
3. cellular synthetic processes (DNA, RNA)
4. proteins |
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Definition
| List the 4 cellular targets of physical and chemical agents. |
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Term
| replication and transcription |
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Definition
| Some antimicrobial drugs, radiation, formaldehyde and ethylene oxide prevent ______ and _______. |
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Term
| microbicidal and microbistasis/static |
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Definition
| _____ means to kill microbes whereas _____ means to prevent growth and replication of microbes. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ _____ is permanent loss of reproduction capability, even under optimum growth conditions. |
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Term
1. # of microbes
2. nature of microbes in population
3. temperature and pH of environment
4. concentration/dosage of agent
5. Mode of action of agent
6. presence of solvents, organic matter or inhibitors |
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Definition
| List 4 of the 6 factors that affect the death rate of microbes. |
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Term
| False! It is harder to remove bacteria in blood or saliva. |
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Definition
| T/F: It is easier to remove bacteria when it is in blood or saliva. |
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Term
1. does the application require sterilization?
2. is the item reusable?
3. can the item withstand heat, pressure, radiation or chemical?
4. is the method suitable?
5. will the agent penetrate to necessary extent?
6. is the method cost and labor efficient?
7. is it safe? |
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Definition
| List 3 of the 7 practical concerns when selecting methods for microbial control. |
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Term
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Definition
| Heat (dry or moist), cold, desiccation, radiation and filtration are all methods of ______ _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ heat uses lower temperature and shorter exposure time with pressure and it denatures or coagulates proteins whereas ____ heat uses moderate to high temperatures without pressure, utilizes dehydration and alters protein structure or incinerates object. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Bacterial endospores usually require temperature above boiling to die. |
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Term
| 121 degrees C, 15 psi, 15 minutes; 160 degrees or 170 degrees |
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Definition
| Moist heat under pressure uses ____ degrees C, ___ psi and ____ minutes whereas dry heat uses either ____ degrees C for 2 hours or _____ degrees C for 1 hour. |
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Term
| Unsaturated chemical vapor |
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Definition
| _____ _____ _____ uses 131 degrees C, 20 psi and 30 minutes. |
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Term
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Definition
| 134 degrees C for 3 minutes in moist heat and 375 degrees C for 6-12minutes in dry heat are _____ temps. |
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Term
1. gravity displacement
2. prevacuum or porous load |
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Definition
| List the 2 methods for air evacuation in a steam sterilizer. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ ____ at 100 degrees C for 30 minutes to destroy non-spore forming pathogens is a type of disinfection. |
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Term
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Definition
| In _______, heat is applied to kill potential agents of infection and spoilage without destroying the food flavor or value. It kills non-spore forming pathogens and lowers overall microbe count, but does not kill endospores or most nonpathogenic microbes. |
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Term
| False! Moist heat: 121C Dry heat: 160-170C |
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Definition
| T/F: Dry heat uses lower temperatures than moist heat. |
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Term
| False! Dry heat does not dull cutting edges or cause corrosion, but moist heat does. |
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Definition
| T/F: Dry heat sterilization dulls cutting edges and causes corrosion. |
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Term
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Definition
| T/F: Moist heat sterilization has good penetration, but dry heat does not. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ sterilization uses alcohol, formaldehyde, ketone, acetone and water. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the gradual removal of water from cells leading to metabolic inhibition. It is not an effective microbial control because many cells retain ability to grow when water is reintroduced. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is freeze drying; a preservative. |
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Term
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Definition
| ____ _____ has deep penetrating power that has sufficient energy to cause electrons to leave their orbit, breaking DNA. Used to sterilize food and medical supplies. |
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Term
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Definition
| Gamma rays, x-rays and cathode rays are all types of _____ _____. |
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Term
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Definition
| _____ is the physical removal of microbes by passing a gas or liquid through a filter. It is used to sterilize heat sensitive liquids and air in hospital isolation units and industrial clean rooms. |
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