Term
|
Definition
- primarily involves t cells
- 24-72 hours following exposure
- symptoms resolve in 7-10 days
- delayed rx to infectious agents, contact dermatitis, graft rejection |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- most common cause of type IV reaction
- exposure to resins of poison oak, ivy, and sumac, cosmetics, elastic, drugs, chemicals involved in latex glove manufacturing
- itchy papules and fluid filled blisters
- patch test
- |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- immediate
- systemic
- true latex allergy |
|
|
Term
| type IV allergic contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
- localized
- t cell mediated
- usually reaction to chemicals used in glove manufacturing |
|
|
Term
| irritant contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
- localized inflammation
- not immunological reaction
- chemicals |
|
|
Term
| type I natural rubber latex |
|
Definition
- allergy to plant proteins
- rhinoconjunctivitis (runny nose, itchy eyes)
- hives either locally or systemically
- symptoms may become more severe --> anaphylaxis
- occurs w/in minutes and symptoms resolve in hours |
|
|
Term
| irritant contact dermatitis |
|
Definition
- localized inflammation
- no immune system involvement
- confined to contact area
- detergents, oils, solvents
- onset w/in minutes, resolves quickly |
|
|
Term
| latex allergy progression |
|
Definition
- no symptoms
- irritant contact dermatitis
- itching and hives
- allergic rhinoconjunctivitis
- asthma
- anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| To control Type I NRL protein allergy |
|
Definition
- use synthetic gloves (nitrile, neoprene, vinyl)
- polyurethane dental damns, silicone rubber bite blocks and plastic prophy cups |
|
|
Term
| risk factors and associated allergies to latex |
|
Definition
- kiwi, banans
- avocados, chestnuts, tomatoes potatoes
- timothy grass, birch tree and weed pollens
- spina bifida or multiple child surgeries |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- disinfectant and radiological chemicals in dental office
- possible allergen |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- uncured dental adhesives, bone cement
- possible allergen in dental office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- composites, sealants
- possible allergen in dental office |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- nickel, gold, palladium, mercury
- possible allergen in dental office |
|
|
Term
| allergens in dental office |
|
Definition
| - glutaraldahyde, methacrylates, epozy resins, metals, antimicrobials |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - complement-assisted destruction of cells by IgG and IgM directed against surface antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Ig___ and Ig___ act on cells in presence of complement and cause cell lysis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cell-bound antigen
- blood group incompatibilities
- pernicious anemia
- autoimmune diseases: hemolytic anemias, myasthenia gravis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
T/F: A and B are dominant over O
T/F: A/B co-dominant w/eachother |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - receptor w/o added sugar |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - receptor has added N-acetylgalactosamine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - receptor has added D-galactose |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - least common blood type |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Rh+ baby, not problem in 1st pregnancy, but mother must be given RhoGAM to prevent her body from attacking baby's |
|
Definition
| - Rh- mother and Rh+ father ---> ____ baby |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - Precipitating Abs in Type III hypersensitivity |
|
|
Term
| Type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
- immune complex reactions
- reaction of soluble antigens w/antibodies w/deposition of resulting complexes in tissues
- requires sensitization
- depend on IgG, IgM, IgA (precipitating Abs)
- require large dose of ag
- Rx delayed |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- localized dermal reaction
- acute response to 2nd injection of vaccine or drugs |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- systemic reaction
- caused by injections of animal serum, hormones or drugs
- immune complexes enter circulation and are carried throughout the body, then become deposited in blood vessels or kidney, heart, skin and joints |
|
|
Term
| examples of Type III hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
| - serum sickness and arthus reaction |
|
|
Term
| major histocompatibility genes |
|
Definition
- codes for cell surface molecules
- tissue typing used to determine compatability |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - cytotoxic t cells of host recognize foreign Class I MHC ag --> rejections |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- t lymphocytes from graft attack host
- bone marrow transplants
- systemic reaction |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - tissue transplanted from one site on body to another site on body |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - tissue from an identical twin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- exchanges between genetically different individuals of same species
- most common type of graft |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - tissue between individuals of different species |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - immune response directed against self antigens |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- common
- necessary for normal immune functions
- required for survival of immature t/b cells
- natural antibodies produced by immature B cells (IgM)
- polyspecific (bind with low affinity to # of Ags)
- cross react w/certain inherited Ags (ABO)
- bind to normal cellular components |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- less common
- destructive response
- malignant autoimmunity
- failure in immune regulation |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- clinical syndrome caused by activation of T or B cells in the absence of ongoing infection or other discernible cause
- occurs when response against self antigen involving T/B or autoantibodies induces injury systemically or against a particular organ causing tissue damage through hypersensitivity rx |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- state of immunological unresponsiveness to specific antigen
- induced by exposure of lymphocytes to antigen during development or later in life |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- affects approximately 5-8% of population
- 78.8% of people with this are women
- major cause of serious chronic disease |
|
|
Term
| organ specific autoimmune diseases |
|
Definition
- Ag localized to given organ
- Ag is target for immunological attack |
|
|
Term
| systemic autoimmune disease |
|
Definition
- widespread throughout body
- complexes deposit systemically particularly in kidneys, joints and skin |
|
|
Term
| organ specific autoimmunity |
|
Definition
- graves disease
- type I diabetes
- addison's disease
- pemphigus
- pemphigoid |
|
|
Term
| systemic autoimmune diseases |
|
Definition
- systemic lupus erythematosus
- rheumatoid arthritis
- Sjogren's syndrome
- scleroderma |
|
|
Term
| multifactorial etiology of autoimmune diseases |
|
Definition
- genetic factors
- environmental factors
- hormonal influences |
|
|
Term
| genetic factors in autoimmunity |
|
Definition
- familial clustering
- genetic predisposition (.33-.5 of risk)
- greater concordance between identical twins
- linkage between autoimmune disease and HLA
- plays greater role in organ-specific than systemic |
|
|
Term
| environmental factors in autoimmunity |
|
Definition
| - infectious agents, drugs, metals, and other things such as selenium, iodine, silica, halogenated hydrocarbons |
|
|
Term
| breakdown of peripheral tolerance |
|
Definition
- tissue cells acquire ability to present self peptides
- co-stimulatory molecules and cytokines in infection/inflammation
- neoantigens
- polyclonal T/B cell activation
- molecular mimicry
- exposure of cryptic/sequestered antigens |
|
|
Term
| polyclonal lymphocyte activation |
|
Definition
- could stimulate self-reactive lymphocytes
- CMV and EBV
- some staph and strep
- superantigens
- endotoxins
- generalized b cell hyperactivity in SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- polyclonal t-cell activators
- cause release of cytokine |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cross reaction of foreign and self-epitopes with same antigen receptors
- immune response against microbe may cross-react with self-antigens
- may produce tissue damage |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- Rheumatic fever
- reactive arthopathies
- Multiple sclerosis
- IDDM
- SLE |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - group A strep M proteins and cardiac myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- follows infection w/certain enterobacteriaceae
- possible cross-reaction w/HLA-B27 |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - t cells reactive w/MBP and polymerase of EBV |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - cross reaction of Ags of certain coxsackieviruses w/glutamic decardoxylase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - cellular protein To and EBV nuclear antigen-1 both targeted by anti-Ro abys |
|
|
Term
| emergence of sequestered antigens |
|
Definition
- certain self-antigens not exposed to developing immune system
- lens of eye (sympathetic ophthalmia), thyroglobulin (MS), sperm, myelin (autoimmune myocarditis)
- if later released in circulation due to trauma or infection, may induce IR |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- cytotoxic
- Ab formed against cell surface Ag or CT
- local complement activation by Ab causes most of injury
- diseases usually organ specific |
|
|
Term
| hypersensitivity reaction |
|
Definition
- Type II (cytotoxic)
- autoimmune hemolytic anermias
- antireceptor antibodiy diseases
- pemphigus and pemphigoid |
|
|
Term
| antireceptor antibody diseases |
|
Definition
| - myasthenia gravis, graves disease |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- 50-67% of patients present w/oral lesions
- autoantigen: desmosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - autoantigen: hemidesmosomes |
|
|
Term
| systemic lupus erythematosus |
|
Definition
- 20x more common in females
- 60% in identical twins
- low levels of debris clearing proteins
- EBV infection |
|
|
Term
| type IV delayed hypersensitivity |
|
Definition
- rheumatoid arthritis
- multiple sclerosis
- insulin dependent diabetes mellitus
- celiac disease |
|
|
Term
| type IV insulin-dependent diabetes |
|
Definition
- t cells destroy insulin-secreting beta cells
- Abs to beta cells early
- infection --> inflammation |
|
|
Term
| poststreptococcal diseases |
|
Definition
- rheuomatic fever
- glomerulonephritis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- inflammatory changes in heart
- streptococcal M protein cross-reacts w/cardiac myosin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
- immune complex disease
- Igs precipitate in kidney
- streptococcal lipoprotein cross-reacts w/kidney tissue |
|
|
Term
| treatment of autoimmune disease |
|
Definition
- metabolic control
- immunosuppressive therapy/anti-inflammatory drugs
- antimitotic drugs
- plasmapheresis
- tissue grafts |
|
|
Term
| anti-inflammatory/immunosuppressive drugs |
|
Definition
| - corticosteroids, cyclosporin A |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| - azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate |
|
|
